He moʻolelo e pili ana i kou puʻuwai: E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā enzymes cardiac a i ʻole nā ​​biomarkers cardiac.

I kekahi manawa, makaʻu loa mākou i ka wā e loaʻa koke ai ka ʻeha o ka umauma a i ʻole ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, ʻeā? Manaʻo mākou, "He hōʻeha puʻuwai anei kēia?" I nā manawa e like me kēia, aia kahi hoʻāʻo koko kūikawā a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai e ʻike pono inā he hewa kekahi mea me kou puʻuwai. ʻO ia ka inoa o kēia hoʻāʻo enzyme cardiac.

He aha kēia mau enzymes o ka naʻau?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mau protein kūikawā nā enzyme cardiac i loaʻa i loko o nā hunaola o ko kākou puʻuwai. He mau kemika nā enzyme e kōkua i ko kākou kino e hoʻokō i nā kaʻina kemika, e like me ka ʻai ʻana , me ke kūpono. E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano: ua like kou puʻuwai me kahi hale. Nui nā mea waiwai i loko o kēia hale. ʻO ka maʻamau, noho kēia mau mea i loko o ka hale a ʻaʻole e puka i waho.

Eia nō naʻe, inā ua hōʻino ʻia kekahi mea i loko o kēia hale i kapa ʻia ʻo ka puʻuwai, no ka laʻana, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka oxygen i ka puʻuwai (kapa mākou i kēia he ischemia ), a inā paha he kūlana e like me ka hōʻeha puʻuwai, ua hōʻino ʻia nā cell o ka puʻuwai. Ua like ia me ka wā e haki ai ka paia o kahi hale, lele i waho nā mea i loko. A laila, hoʻomaka nā enzyme cardiac i loko o kēlā mau cell e hōʻiliʻili i loko o ke koko. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o kēia mau enzymes i loko o ke koko he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia ua loaʻa kekahi kaomi, hōʻino, a i ʻole ke kaumaha ma ka puʻuwai . Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau biomarkers cardiac , no ka mea, hāʻawi lākou i kahi "hōʻailona" e pili ana i ke olakino o ka puʻuwai.

No laila, he aha kēia Hoʻāʻo Māka Enzyme Puʻuwai?

Hoʻāʻo māka enzyme puʻuwaiʻO kekahi he hoʻāʻo e lawe ana i kahi hāpana o kou koko a ana i nā pae o kēia mau enzymes kūikawā, a i ʻole biomarkers. He hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi loa kēia. Lawe ʻia kahi koko liʻiliʻi mai kahi aa koko ma kou lima.

Hoʻohana ke kauka i kēia hoʻāʻo e nānā inā maʻamau a kiʻekiʻe paha ka pae o kēia enzyme i loko o ke koko. Inā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae o kēia enzyme ma mua o ka pae i ʻōlelo ʻia , ʻo ia hoʻi ua loaʻa paha kahi hōʻeha puʻuwai, a i ʻole he kaumaha paha ma ka puʻuwai. No laila, he hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi loa kēia.

Pehea e hoʻohana ai nā kauka i kēia mau biomarkers cardiac?

I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe, pehea e hiki ai i nā kauka ke ʻike i kahi maʻi me kēia hoʻāʻo koko wale nō? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻomaopopo i ka nui ma ka nānā ʻana i nā pae o kēia mau biomarkers cardiac. Ua like ia me kahi mākaʻi e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā hōʻailona.

ʻo kahi laʻana:

• ʻO ka Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): He kūlana kēia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka emi koke ʻana o ke kahe koko i ka puʻuwai. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea mua i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a i ʻole he hōʻeha puʻuwai. Hiki ke piʻi koke nā pae enzyme cardiac i kēia manawa.
• ʻO ka Ischemia Myocardial: ʻO kēia ka manawa ʻaʻole lawa ka oxygen i ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai. E like me ka mae ʻana o ka mea kanu ke nele i ka wai. Ke nele nā ​​​​​​pūʻuwai i ka oxygen, ua kaumaha lākou a hoʻokuʻu i kēia mau enzymes.
• ʻEha i ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai: ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e like me kekahi mau maʻi a me ka hōʻeha puʻuwai koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hōʻino i ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai. Hōʻiliʻili pū kēia mau enzymes i loko o ke koko i kēlā manawa.

He ʻano lapaʻau ʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia o kēia mau kūlana. No laila, he mea nui e loaʻa kahi hōʻailona pololei , no ka mea, ʻo ia ka manawa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka lāʻau kūpono a wikiwiki hoʻi.

He aha nā pahuhopu o kēia hoʻāʻo biomarker puʻuwai?

Nānā nā kauka i nā pae o kēia mau māka puʻuwai no kekahi mau kumu nui. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou:

• Nānā no ka hōʻino ʻana o ka puʻuwai a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe: I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole paha mākou e loaʻa i nā hōʻailona nui, akā loaʻa paha iā mākou nā pilikia liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaka ana i loko o ko mākou mau puʻuwai. Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i kēlā mau pilikia huna.
• E ʻike i nā maʻi puʻuwai e hoʻoulu ai i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha o ka umauma a me ka pōkole o ka hanu : He hoʻāʻo kēia i hana pinepine ʻia i kahi pilikia. Inā ʻoe e hele i ka haukapila me ka ʻeha o ka umauma, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua mua a nā kauka e hana ai.
• E nānā i ka hana maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau puʻuwai a me ke ʻoki puʻuwai: Ma hope o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana no ka hōʻeha puʻuwai, pono e emi mālie kēia mau pae enzyme. Ma ka ʻike ʻana inā hana ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ana i ka holomua o ka mālama ʻana.
• E wānana i kahi wānana no nā ʻano maʻi puʻuwai like ʻole: ʻO ia hoʻi, kōkua kēia mau pae enzyme e loaʻa kahi manaʻo pehea e holomua ai ka maʻi, pehea ke koʻikoʻi, a me nā manawa e hoʻōla ai.

"Ua like kēia hoʻāʻo me kahi puke e haʻi ana i ka moʻolelo o ka puʻuwai. Hāʻawi ia i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka mea i hana ʻia i ka puʻuwai, kona kūlana i kēia manawa, a me nā mea e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana."

Ma hea e hana ʻia ai kēia hoʻāʻo enzyme cardiac?

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana koko no kēia hoʻāʻo enzyme cardiac i loko o kekahi mau minuke wale nō.

• I kahi pilikia: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pilikia, e like me ka ʻeha o ka umauma, a hele i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) o ka haukapila, e hana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo koko ma laila.
• I kahi kūlana ʻaʻole pilikia: I kekahi manawa e kauoha paha kāu kauka i kēia hoʻāʻo, i ka wā o ka nānā maʻamau a i ʻole ma muli o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. I kēlā hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i kahi keʻena hoʻāʻo koko a hana ʻia.

He aha nā ʻano enzyme cardiac (biomarkers) i loaʻa?

Aia nā ʻano biomarkers puʻuwai like ʻole e hiki ke haʻi iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā pilikia puʻuwai. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea he mau enzymes a protein paha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi o kēia mau mea e hōʻike ana he maʻi cardiovascular paha kāu a i ʻole kekahi maʻi puʻuwai ʻē aʻe.

• ʻO Troponin: ʻO kēia ka biomarker koʻikoʻi loa a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia . Nānā mua nā kauka i nā pae troponin e ʻike inā ua hōʻino ʻia ka puʻuwai e ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a i ʻole ACS. Hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae Troponin i loko o ke koko i loko o kekahi mau hola (ma kahi o 3-4 mau hola) o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai, a hiki ke noho kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 12 mau hola. Eia kekahi, hiki ke noho kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke koko no hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule. No laila, hana hou nā kauka i kēia hoʻāʻo troponin i kēlā me kēia mau hola a i ʻole nā ​​​​lā e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka nui o ka hōʻino a pehea e loli ai ke kūlana.

• Nā Peptides Natriuretic (NPs): He ʻano protein ʻē aʻe kēia. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i loko o ke koko ke kaumaha nui ka puʻuwai, ʻoiai i nā kūlana e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai . ʻOiai hiki i nā kauka ke ana i kekahi mau ʻano o kēia mau peptides, ʻo ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) . Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia e loiloi i ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka puʻuwai ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai.

ʻO wai ka mea e pono ai kēia hoʻāʻo enzyme cardiac (biomarker)?

Hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i kēia hoʻāʻo enzyme cardiac inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana he pilikia puʻuwai kou. ʻO ia mau hōʻailona:

• ʻEha a ʻeha paha ka umauma:ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona nui a ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e makaʻu nei. Hiki ke hele mai i kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi. No kekahi poʻe, ua like ia me ke kaomi, no kekahi poʻe, ua like ia me ke kaumaha, no kekahi poʻe ua like ia me ka ʻā ʻana. Hiki i kēia ʻeha ke laha i ka ʻāwae, ka ʻāʻī, ke kua waena, nā poʻohiwi, a i ʻole ka lima hema.
• Pōniuniu: Ke hana pono ʻole ka puʻuwai, hiki ke emi ka nui o ke koko e kahe ana i ka lolo, e hoʻoulu ai i ka pōniuniu.
• Ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka luaʻi ʻana: Hōʻike pū kekahi mau hōʻeha puʻuwai i kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahine.
• Ka hou nui ʻana: Inā manaʻo koke ʻoe i ke anu a ka hou nui me ke kumu ʻole, he hōʻailona nō hoʻi ia e pono ai ke makaʻala.
• Pōkole o ka hanu: Inā paʻakikī iā ʻoe ke hanu ʻoiai me ka hoʻoikaika iki, e like me ke piʻi ʻana i nā alapiʻi, a inā manaʻo ʻoe ua pōkole kou hanu ʻoiai ke kū mālie wale nei, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia.
• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai: Inā loaʻa i ke kanaka ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai, piʻi koke nā hōʻailona (e like me ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pōkole o ka hanu).

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​he mea nui loa e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua koko ʻē aʻe a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai e ʻike ai i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana o ka puʻuwai?

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻāʻo enzyme cardiac, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i kekahi mau hoʻāʻo koko ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i kou kūlana:

• Helu Koko Piha (CBC): Ke ana kēia i ka helu o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola keʻokeʻo, a me nā platelet i loko o ke koko. Kōkua ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ka anemia.
• ʻO ka Papa Metabolic Kumu (BMP) : Hoʻāʻo kēia i nā mea e like me nā electrolytes (e like me ka sodium a me ka potassium), ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa, a me nā pae kō i loko o ke koko.
• Hoʻāʻo Kinoea Koko (ABG): Ana kēia i ka oxygen, ke kalapona ʻokikene, a me ke kaulike waikawa-kumu i loko o ke koko. He mea nui kēia e ʻike ai i ke kumu o nā pilikia hanu.

He aha nā lako hana a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike ai i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana o ka puʻuwai?

Ma waho aʻe o nā hoʻokolohua koko, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻoholo e hana i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ke kūlana pololei o kou puʻuwai:

• X-ray o ka umauma: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻike i nā mea e like me ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā māmā a me ka puʻuwai.
• Echocardiogram: Ua like kēia me kahi scan ultrasound o ka puʻuwai. Hiki iā ia ke nānā pono i nā keʻena o ka puʻuwai, nā valves, a me ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo echo kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) .
• Electrocardiogram (ECG a i ʻole EKG): Hoʻopaʻa kēia i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike i nā pilikia me ke kani o ka puʻuwai a me nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai.
• Hoʻāʻo hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo hoʻoikaika puʻuwai nuklea: Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo e ʻike pehea e pane ai kou puʻuwai ke hoʻoikaika kino ʻoe.
• Angiogram: Hana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo e ʻike pono i kahi i loaʻa ai kahi ālai ʻia i loko o nā aʻa coronary e hoʻolako koko i ka puʻuwai.
• ʻO Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia scan ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e ʻike i ke olakino o nā hunaola puʻuwai a me ke kahe maikaʻi ʻana o ke koko.

ʻO ka nīnau, "Ke loaʻa nei iaʻu kahi hāʻule puʻuwai a ʻaʻole paha?" he nīnau nui ia. I nā manawa e like me kēia, pono ʻoe i nā pane maopopo e neʻe ai i mua. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ai nā kauka i nā hoʻokolohua biomarker cardiac a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe. Inā kiʻekiʻe kou pae koko o nā enzymes cardiac, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike ua hōʻino ʻia kou puʻuwai, kaumaha, a pehu paha. ʻO kēia ka manawa e nīnau ai i kāu kauka e pili ana i kāu mau enzymes cardiac a me ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena hoʻokolohua.

Nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, e hōʻuluʻulu kākou i kekahi o nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai:

• ʻO nā enzymes cardiac he mau protein i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā hunaola puʻuwai. Hōʻiliʻili kēia mau mea i loko o ke koko ke hōʻino ʻia ka puʻuwai.
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo enzyme cardiac kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi e ana i nā pae o kēia mau enzymes.
• Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i nā kūlana e like me nā hōʻeha puʻuwai, nā hōʻino puʻuwai ʻē aʻe, a me ke kaumaha o ka puʻuwai. ʻO Troponin ka enzyme nui i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia.
• Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha o ka umauma, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, a i ʻole ka poniuniu, he mea nui e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.
• Mai kānalua e pili ana i kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo. E kamaʻilio me ke kauka a wehewehe i nā mea āpau.

ʻO kou puʻuwai kou waiwai makamae loa. ʻO kou kuleana ke mālama iā ia. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua e like me kēia e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokō i kēlā kuleana!