Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i nā mea e hiki ke hōʻeha i kāu pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia? (Teratogens) E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia!

Inā he makuahine hāpai ʻoe, manaʻo nui paha ʻoe e pili ana i ka palekana o kāu keiki i hānau ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi mau mea āu e hōʻike ai i ka wā hāpai ke hōʻeha i kāu pēpē. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ia mau mea, kahi a mākou e kapa nei ma ka ʻepekema lapaʻau he 'teratogens'.

He aha kēia teratogen?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā teratogens he mau mea, inā e ʻai ʻia a i ʻole e hōʻike ʻia i ka wā hāpai, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi hānau ʻole i kāu embryo a i ʻole fetus e ulu ana. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kemika , kekahi mau maʻi, a me nā mea ʻawahia . Hiki i nā Teratogens ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pēpē , ka hānau mua ʻana, a i ʻole ka hānau make ʻana .

Pehea e hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka pōʻino o kahi teratogen?

I kēia manawa, pehea ka weliweli o ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi teratogen e pili ana i kekahi mau kumu:

• ʻAʻole ia he mea nui ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, mea, a mea make paha. ʻAʻole like ka hopena o nā mea āpau.
• ʻEhia ka lōʻihi o kou ʻike ʻia ʻana? He manawa pōkole anei, he mau lā, he mau mahina paha?
• Ka nui (ka nui a i ʻole ka nui) o ka hōʻike ʻana. Ka nui liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka nui nui?
• ʻO ka makahiki hāpai ka helu o nā pule i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke pēpē i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ai. ʻO kēia no ka mea aia nā manawa e ulu ai nā ʻano kino like ʻole o ke pēpē.
• Hiki i nā kumu hoʻoilina ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o kahi pēpē. I kekahi manawa aia paha nā mana genetic.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho mamao aku mai kēia mau ʻano teratogens i ka wā hāpai e like me ka hiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana iā lākou i kekahi mau manawa o ka ulu ʻana o kahi pēpē hiki ke lilo i mea ʻino loa .

Pehea ka maʻamau o nā kīnā hānau i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā teratogens?

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma waena o 4% a me 5% o nā kīnā hānau i hana ʻia e ka ʻike ʻana i nā teratogens. A ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau teratogens e hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kino o ke keiki. No laila, ʻaʻole kēia he mea e lawe māmā ʻia, ʻeā?

He aha nā hiʻohiʻona o nā teratogens?

ʻO nā Teratogens he mau mea hiki ke hōʻeha i kahi pēpē i ka wā hāpai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kīnā hānau, hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pēpē, ka hānau make ʻana o ka pēpē, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia hāpai ʻē aʻe. E nānā kākou i kekahi o nā laʻana nui.

ʻO ka waiʻona, nā cigarette, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau leʻaleʻa

ʻO kēia nā ʻano teratogens i kamaʻāina ka hapa nui o ka poʻe.

• ʻOna: Hoʻopilikia ka ʻona i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena o ka pēpē. ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka ʻona i ka wā hāpai e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka pēpē i nā hiʻohiʻona helehelena ʻē, kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a me ka lolo, a me nā pilikia kino a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻohe nui o ka waiʻona i hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he palekana i ka wā hāpai.

• Nā Cigarette: Hiki i ka puhipaka ke hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa i ka wā hānau, a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau. Hoʻopōʻino pū ka puhipaka i nā ʻiʻo māmā a me ka lolo o ka pēpē.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka cocaine, methamphetamines, heroin, a me ka marijuana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā hāpai hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa, nā pilikia puʻuwai, a me kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka ʻeha e kū mai ana i ka wā e hānau ai kahi pēpē. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i kūʻai ʻia ma ke kūʻai aku a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia he mau teratogens. No laila, he mea nui e haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau āu e lawe nei. I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohui i kūʻai ʻia ma ke kūʻai aku, e heluhelu pono i ka lepili. Inā he mau hopohopo kāu e pili ana i ka palekana o kahi mea, e kamaʻilio koke me kāu kauka. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.

ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke teratogenic:

• Nā lāʻau antiepileptic (AED)
• Nā lāʻau antimicrobial
• Nā Anticoagulants (nā mea hoʻokahe koko)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau antithyroid
• ʻO ka Wikamina A (maʻamau i loko o kekahi mau kirīmi ʻili)
• Lāʻau lapaʻau hormonal

E noʻonoʻo, he maʻi epilepsy kou, a lawe ʻoe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me `(Phenytoin)` no ia mea. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka pēpē, akā he mea nui paha kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau no kou ola. I nā manawa e like me kēia, kaupaona nā kauka i nā pono a me nā pōʻino o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hana i nā hoʻoholo e loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilikia i ka wā hāpai.

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka palekana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā hāpai?

Ua hoʻomohala ka ʻOihana Meaʻai a me nā Lāʻau Lapaʻau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (FDA) i kahi ʻōnaehana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pilikia o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā hāpai. He ʻelima mau māhele: A, B, C, D, a me X.

I ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hou i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR). Ua wehe kēia i nā māhele leka ma mua. Hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana PLLR i nā kauka i ka ʻike pili e pono ai lākou e hoʻoholo i ka wā e mālama ai i nā makuahine hāpai a hānai waiū paha. Noʻonoʻo ia i nā kumu he nui a hōʻike i ka ʻikepili ma kahi ʻano maikaʻi aʻe no nā kauka.

ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke ʻae i kāu mea mālama maʻi prenatal e hoʻoholo i ka palekana o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ko lākou ʻike.

Nā maʻi a me nā virus

Hiki i nā maʻi ʻaʻai, nā virus, nā parasites, a me nā maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe ke hoʻoweliweli nui i ka wahine hāpai a me kāna pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia. Kōkua ka huaʻōlelo pōkole `(TORCH)` i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi o kēia mau maʻi:

• T – `(Toxoplasmosis)` (kahi maʻi i laha ʻia e nā ʻōpala pōpoki)
• ʻO - Nā maʻi ʻē aʻe - no ka laʻana, Group B Streptococcus, Listeria, Candida a me nā maʻi i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke ʻano moekolohe (STIs).
• R – `(Rubella)` (Rubella)
• C – `(Cytomegalovirus – CMV)` (Cytomegalovirus)
• H – `(Herpes Simplex Virus)` (Herpes Simplex Virus)
• Eia kekahi, hiki i nā maʻi e like me `(Syphilis)` ke hāʻule i loko o kēia māhele.

ʻO nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā maʻi virus e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka wā hāpai a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia no ka pēpē:

• ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu a me ka shingles
• ʻO ka Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C a me nā maʻi hepatitis viral ʻē aʻe
• HIV `(HIV)`
• Maʻi ʻelima

Nā mea ʻawahia o ke kaiapuni, nā kemika, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea kino ʻē aʻe

Hiki i kekahi mau kemika a me nā mea ʻawahia ke kumu i nā kīnā hānau. Hiki i kēia mau kīnā hānau ke komo pū me ka spina bifida, ka palate cleft, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana nerve. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o kēia mau mea ʻawahia a i ʻole nā ​​kemika:

• Ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana i ka radiation (e laʻa, mai nā X-ray) a i ʻole chemotherapy
• ʻO nā ʻauʻau wela, nā sauna, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea wela ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana o kou kino
• Mercury (loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano iʻa)
• Ke kēpau (hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka pena a me nā paipu i nā hale kahiko)
• Nā kemika ʻawahia a i ʻole nā ​​metala kaumaha ma ka wahi hana a i ʻole nā ​​​​hale hana hana

Nā kūlana olakino mau loa

Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi mau loa iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o kāu pēpē i nā kīnā hānau. ʻO nā laʻana e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, ka maʻi thyroid, a me nā maʻi autoimmune e like me ka lupus a i ʻole ka rheumatoid arthritis. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā teratogens e hele pinepine mai ana mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i kēia mau kūlana, a i ʻole mai nā kūlana olakino i kāohi pono ʻole ʻia.

He mea nui e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai no lākou. Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o kāu mālama ʻana i kāu mau maʻi maʻi i ka wā hāpai.

I ka manawa hea ka ʻino loa o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā teratogens i ka wā hāpai?

He mea ʻino ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā teratogens i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā hāpai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia i nā pule ʻewalu mua o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻO kēia no ka mea e ulu ana nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōnaehana he nui o ka pēpē i kēia manawa, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pēpē i nā hopena ʻino o nā teratogens. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki i nā teratogens ke hoʻopilikia i ka pēpē i ʻelua pule ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana, i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai ka sperm i kahi hua manu.

Eia kekahi laʻana, loaʻa nā kīnā neural tube (NTDs) ma mua o ʻelima pule o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻO ka neural tube kahi e hana ʻia ai ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal. Loaʻa nā NTDs i ka wā ʻaʻole pani pono ka neural tube. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā ʻano kīnā hānau like ʻole.

He aha nā hemahema hānau e hana ʻia e nā teratogens?

Ua ʻike ʻia nā Teratogens e hoʻoulu i nā kīnā hānau he nui. ʻO kekahi o nā mea maʻamau:

• Nā pilikia me ka lolo a i ʻole ke kaula kuamoʻo, no ka laʻana, ka hapa a piha ʻole paha o ka lolo (anencephaly)
• Nā kīnā kino a i ʻole ke ʻano o ke kino, e like me nā iwi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana kino i nalowale
• Lehelehe māwae a me ka lehelehe
• Nā kīnā noʻonoʻo a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana nerve (ka hemahema o ka noʻonoʻo)
• Nā pilikia cardiovascular a i ʻole ka maʻi puʻuwai

Pehea e pale aku ai i nā teratogens i ka wā hāpai?

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i nā teratogens, ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā mua, inā hiki. I ka hoʻolālā ʻana no ka hāpai ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele i nā maʻi maʻi a hana i nā hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka nohona, e like me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana mau ʻia kēia. Ke hāpai ʻoe, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻemi i kou pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā teratogens:

• E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai.
• E pale loa i ka puhi paka, ka waiʻona, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau leʻaleʻa.
• Mai lawe i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ke kūʻai aku, a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau i kauoha ʻia me ka ʻole o ka nīnau ʻana i kāu kauka.
• E pale i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā pahu ʻōpala pōpoki.
• E pale i nā ʻauʻau wela, nā sauna, a me nā mea āpau e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana o loko o kou kino.
• E pale i ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa i kiʻekiʻe i ka mercury, e like me ka tuna a me ka iʻa pahi kaua.
• E kamaʻilio me kou luna a i ʻole ka ʻoihana kumuwaiwai kanaka e pili ana i nā kemika ʻino ma kāu wahi hana.

He mea nui e wehe a ʻoiaʻiʻo me kāu kauka hānau keiki i ka wā hāpai. ʻO kēia ka haʻi ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i kekahi waiʻona a lāʻau lapaʻau paha āu e hoʻohana nei. Aia lākou ma laila e kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa kahi hāpai palekana a olakino. Mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke akahele loa i ka wā hāpai.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

ʻO ka pale ʻana i kāu pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia mai nā teratogens i ka wā hāpai hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā kīnā hānau. ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ka ʻike e hiki i kekahi mau mea ʻino ke hele i kāu pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia a hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i kona ulu ʻana. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā teratogens hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hāpai olakino a hāʻawi i kāu pēpē i kahi hoʻomaka maikaʻi i ke ola.

E kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai, kāu hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona, a me nā kūlana ma kāu wahi hana a i ʻole kahi e noho ai. Hiki iā ia ke pane i kāu mau nīnau e pili ana i nā mea e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i nā kīnā hānau a pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho a me kāu pēpē.