Ua loaʻa anei iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui, ʻeha loa e hoʻomaka koke ana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o kou kua a hele a hiki i kou ʻōpū lalo? Hoʻohālikelike kekahi poʻe i kēia ʻeha me ka ʻeha o ka hānau keiki ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha nui e like me kēia, a paʻakikī ke mimi , a inā he koko kou i loko o kou mimi, he hōʻailona paha ia ua paʻa kahi pōhaku puʻupaʻa i loko o ka urethra. I kēia lā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā Ureteral Stones, ʻo ia nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa e paʻa ana i loko o ka urethra. Mai hopohopo, e wehewehe kākou i nā mea āpau ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha nā pōhaku ureter?
ʻO ka pōhaku ureter he pōhaku puʻupaʻa ia i haki a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻōmole lahilahi e lawe ana i ka mimi mai ka puʻupaʻa a i ka ʻōpū mimi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻōmole ʻo ka ureter. Loaʻa iā kākou āpau ʻelua mau ʻōmole like no ko kākou mau puʻupaʻa .
E noʻonoʻo e like me nā kānana ʻelua i loko o ko kākou kino. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ke koko a wehe i nā huahana ʻōpala e like me ka mimi. I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā minelala a me nā paʻakai i loko o kou mimi ke hana i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi a puʻupuʻu. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he mau pōhaku puʻupaʻa a i ʻole calculi. Inā aia kēia mau pōhaku i loko o ka puʻupaʻa , ʻaʻole paha lākou e hoʻopilikia. Akā i ka wā e haki ai lākou a hoʻomaka e neʻe i lalo i ka ʻōmole haiki, hoʻomaka ka pilikia. He haiki ka ʻōmole, no laila ua paʻa ka pōhaku ma laila. A laila ua ālai ʻia ke kahe o ka mimi, pehu ka ʻōmole, a ʻo ia ke kumu o ka ʻeha hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui.
Hiki i kēia mau pōhaku ke hele mai i nā nui like ʻole. ʻO nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi loa, liʻiliʻi loa e ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, puka i waho o ke kino me ka mimi me ka ʻole o nā pilikia. Akā i ka wā e nui ai ka pōhaku, paʻa ia i loko o ka duct a hoʻomaka e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona.
E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole kakaikahi nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa e like me kou manaʻo. Hoʻokahi wale nō o ka ʻumi o ka poʻe ma ka honua e hiki ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi. No laila, he mea nui loa ka makaʻala i kēia.
He aha nā ʻano nui o nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa?
ʻAʻole like ke ʻano o kēia mau pōhaku e hana ʻia ana i loko o ko kākou kino. Aia kekahi mau ʻano nui e pili ana i nā kemika e hoʻokumu ai iā lākou. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pōhaku āu e loaʻa ai hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama iā ia a pale i kona hana hou ʻana.
| ʻAno Pōhaku | Ua hana wale ʻia penei: |
|---|---|
| Nā pōhaku kalipuna | ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau. Ke piʻi ka nui o ka calcium i loko o ka mimi, hui pū ia me ka calcium oxalate a i ʻole ka calcium phosphate e hana i kēia mau pōhaku. |
| Nā pōhaku waikawa uric | Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ʻano pōhaku inā nui loa ka uric acid i loko o kou mimi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe e ʻai nui ana i ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula a me ka iʻa a ʻaʻole inu wai. |
| Nā pōhaku Struvite | Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia mau pōhaku ma hope o ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi (UTI) . Hoʻololi ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi i ke ʻano kemika o ka mimi, e hana ai i kēia mau pōhaku. |
| Nā pōhaku cystine | He mea kākaʻikahi kēia. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau pōhaku ma muli o kahi kūlana hoʻoilina i kapa ʻia ʻo Cystinuria, ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka amino acid cystine mai nā puʻupaʻa i loko o ka mimi. |
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka paʻa ʻana o ka pōhaku?
Hele ka hapa nui o nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi ma ke kino me ke kani ʻole. Akā inā lawa ka nui o ka pōhaku e ālai i ke kahawai, e hoʻomaka maoli ʻoe e ʻike. Hiki ke hoʻomaka koke kēia mau hōʻailona.
| Hōʻailona | Pehea kēlā manaʻo? |
|---|---|
| ʻEha nui | He ʻeha ʻoi e hoʻomaka ana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kua, ma lalo pono o nā iwi ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole mau kēia ʻeha, akā hele mai a hele (manawa pōkole). Hiki i kēia ʻeha ke pālahalaha i ka ʻōpū lalo a me ka ʻāpana groin. |
| ʻEha i ka wā o ka mimi ʻana | ʻEha a wela paha i ka wā e mimi ai. |
| Nā loli i ka mimi | Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mimi he poni, ʻulaʻula, a ʻeleʻele paha ma muli o ke koko i loko o ka mimi. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻike ʻia he ao pouli ka mimi. |
| Pono pinepine e mimi | ʻOiai ʻaʻole i piha ka ʻōpū mimi, aia ka manaʻo pinepine o ka pono e mimi. Eia nō naʻe, ke mimi ʻoe, he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka nui e puka mai ana. |
| Ka luaʻi a me ka nausea | Hiki ke hele mai ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi me ka ʻeha nui. |
| Kuni a me nā anu | Inā hele pū kahi maʻi ʻaʻai mimi me ka pōhaku, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni, ka ʻūlū, a me ka haʻalulu. |
Nā kumu a me nā kumu pilikia no ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka pōhaku
ʻO ke kumu maʻalahi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kemika hana pōhaku (nā kristal) i loko o kou mimi ma mua o ka wai. Ke inu mākou i ka wai lawa, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia mau kemika a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka mimi. Akā ke inu mākou i ka wai liʻiliʻi, lilo ka mimi i ʻoi aku ka paʻa a hoʻomaka kēia mau mea e hoʻopaʻa pū a hana i nā pōhaku.
ʻOiai hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomohala i nā pōhaku, aia kekahi poʻe i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe iki aʻe.
- No nā kāne: ʻOiai hiki i nā wahine a me nā keiki ke hoʻomohala i nā pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne e hoʻomohala i nā pōhaku.
- Ma waena o 40 a me 60 mau makahiki: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe o kēia hui makahiki.
- Loaʻa kahi moʻolelo o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku ma mua: Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pōhaku ma mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou hiki ke hoʻomohala hou iā lākou.
- Moʻolelo ʻohana : Inā ua loaʻa i kekahi o kou ʻohana (makuahine, makuakāne, kaikaina) nā pōhaku ʻaʻai, aia nō hoʻi ʻoe i ka pilikia.
- ʻAʻole inu wai lawa: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe e hana nui ana a hoʻoikaika kino paha inā ʻaʻole lākou e inu wai lawa.
- ʻO kekahi mau kūlana olakino: ʻO ka maʻi diabetes type 2 , ka momona (BMI ma luna o 30), nā maʻi ʻōpū mumū e like me ka maʻi Crohn a i ʻole ka ulcerative colitis, a me ka maʻi polycystic kidney hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku.
Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i kēia, e Kauka?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka. E nīnau ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a me kou mōʻaukala ʻohana. A laila, e kauoha lākou i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia inā he pōhaku puʻupaʻa.
- Urinalysis: Nānā kēia i kāu mimi no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, ke koko, a me nā minelala e hiki ai ke hana i nā pōhaku. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi moʻomeheu mimi inā manaʻo ʻia he maʻi.
- Hoʻāʻo koko: Hiki i kēia ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kou mau puʻupaʻa, inā he maʻi kou, a inā he mau pilikia ʻē aʻe e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku.
- Nā scan:
- ʻO ke scan ultrasound: Hoʻohana i nā nalu kani e nānā ai i nā ālai ʻana i ke ala urinary.
- X-ray: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano pōhaku me ka hoʻokolokolo X-ray.
- CT scan (Computed Tomography - CT scan): ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo pololei loa i hana pinepine ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo pololei i ka nui, kahi, a me ka paʻakikī o ka pōhaku. He mea nui loa kēia ʻike no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?
Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka nui o ka pōhaku, kona wahi, a me nā mea i hana ʻia ai. E noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i kēia mau mea āpau a e ʻōlelo aku i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa nāu.
No nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi
Inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōhaku ma mua o 4-5 mm, e puka paha ia mai kou kino me ka mimi. Hiki i kēia ke hala i hoʻokahi a ʻelua pule. I loko o kēia manawa:
- Nā lāʻau hoʻopau ʻeha: Kuhikuhi ke kauka i ka lāʻau e kāohi i ka ʻeha nui.
- Lāʻau lapaʻau no ka luaʻi ʻana: Inā he nausea a me ka luaʻi ʻana, e hāʻawi ʻia nō hoʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ia mea.
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ka hele ʻana o nā pōhaku (Medical Expulsive Therapy - MET): Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me "alpha-blockers" e hoʻomaha i nā ʻiʻo i loko o ka urethra a kōkua i ka pōhaku e hele maʻalahi.
I loko o kēia manawa, e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoe e inu ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3 lita o ka wai i ka lā . E hoʻokahe kēia i ka ʻōnaehana mimi a kōkua i ka pōhaku e hele wikiwiki.
No nā pōhaku nui a i ʻole nā mea ālai
Inā nui ka pōhaku, hōʻeha nui, a i ʻole ke ālai loa nei i ke kahe o ka mimi, hiki i kāu kauka (ʻo ia hoʻi he urologist) ke kuhikuhi i kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau:
| ʻAno lapaʻau | Ua wehewehe maʻalahi ʻia |
|---|---|
| ʻO ka lithotripsy nalu haʻalulu | Hoʻokele ʻia nā nalu haʻalulu ikehu kiʻekiʻe mai waho o ke kino e wāwahi i nā pōhaku. A laila e hoʻokuʻu maʻalahi ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o ka mimi. |
| Ureteroscopy (ka wehe ʻana i nā pōhaku ma o kahi ʻōmole) | Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole lahilahi, lōʻihi, a palupalu me kahi kāmela i hoʻopili ʻia ma o ka urethra, a hiki ʻia ka pōhaku, hopu ʻia, a wehe ʻia. Inā nui ka pōhaku, hoʻohana ʻia kahi kukuna laser e wāwahi iā ia a wehe i nā ʻāpana. |
| Ka wehe ʻana i nā pōhaku ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili (Percutaneous nephrolithotomy) | Hana ʻia kēia no nā pōhaku nui loa. Hana ʻia kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi ma ke kua, kahi e hoʻokomo pololei ʻia ai kahi mea hana i loko o ka puʻupaʻa e ʻimi a wehe i ka pōhaku. |
| Nā stent ureteral | He hopena manawa pōkole kēia. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole lahilahi i loko o ka urethra e kōkua i ke kahe ʻana o ka mimi ma mua o ka pōhaku i paʻa. He mea pono loa kēia i nā pilikia. |
Hiki ke pale ʻia ke kūkulu hou ʻana o nā pōhaku?
ʻAe, hiki nō ia! Ke loaʻa i ke kanaka kahi pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e loaʻa hou ai iā ia. No laila he mea nui e hana i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i kou nohona a me nā ʻano ʻai.
- Wai, wai, wai hou aku! ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana, ʻo ia ka inu ʻana i ka wai he nui. E inu ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3 lita o nā wai i ka lā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai. He mea maikaʻi nō hoʻi nā mea e like me ka wai lemona a me ka wai ʻalani. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e ʻike ai inā ʻoe e inu ana i ka wai lawa, ʻo ia ke nānā i ke kala o kou mimi. Inā he melemele māmā, ke inu nei ʻoe i ka wai lawa.
- E hōʻemi i ka protein holoholona: ʻO ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka protein holoholona e like me ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula, ka iʻa, a me nā hua manu hiki ke hoʻonui i nā pae uric acid a alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku. Akā, e hoʻohui i ka protein mea kanu e like me nā lentil, chickpeas, nā pīni ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka soy i kāu meaʻai.
- Kāohi i ka paʻakai: E hōʻemi i ka nui o ka paʻakai āu e ʻai ai i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma kahi o ka paʻakai, e hoʻohui i ka lime, ka pepa, a me nā mea ʻala i kāu meaʻai e hoʻonui ai i kona ʻono.
- E kaupalena i nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka oxalate: ʻO nā meaʻai e like me ka spinach, nā pīnati, nā cashews, nā ʻuala, a me nā beets he kiʻekiʻe i ka oxalate. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e pale loa i kēia mau mea, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kaupalena ʻana i kāu ʻai ʻana. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kēia mau mea me nā meaʻai waiwai i ka calcium (waiū, yogurt) hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku.
E hāʻawi paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kahi kānana kūikawā e hōʻiliʻili i nā pōhaku e puka mai ana. A laila e nānā lākou i nā pōhaku a, ma muli o ke ʻano, e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pale aku ai i nā pōhaku e hiki mai ana.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He ʻeha nui loa ka ʻeha i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pōhaku puʻupaʻa. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha nui o ke kua/wāwae, ke koko i loko o kou mimi, e ʻike koke i ke kauka. Inā pono, e hele i ka Emergency Department (ETU) o ka haukapila kokoke loa.
- ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa a maʻalahi hoʻi e pale ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku, ʻo ia ka inu ʻana i ka wai lawa i kēlā me kēia lā.
- Hoʻopau pinepine nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi iā lākou iho me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka inu ʻana i ka wai he nui. I kēia manawa, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono a palekana hoʻi no nā pōhaku nui.
- Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kāu meaʻai a me kou nohona, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi nui i ka pilikia o ke kūkulu hou ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
- ʻOiai he mea hoʻonāukiuki a ʻeha kēia maʻi, hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia me ka mālama kūpono. No laila, mai hopohopo a e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka.
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