Koj puas tau pom tias muaj ib txhia neeg muaj daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau dawb heev, qee zaum txawm dawb? Txawm tias lawv lub qhov muag kuj xiav lossis xim av. Hauv zej zog, qee zaum peb hu cov neeg no ua ntau lub npe sib txawv. Tab sis qhov no yog hu ua albinism hauv kev kho mob. Muaj ntau tus neeg xav tias qhov no yog ib yam kab mob. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog ib yam kab mob, thiab nws tsis sib kis tau. Yog li, peb puas yuav tsum paub txog qhov no hnub no?
Albinism yog dab tsi tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, albinism yog ib yam mob caj ces uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis lossis poob tag nrho cov xim melanin hauv peb lub cev.
Xav txog melanin ua ib yam "kua xim" ntuj tsim hauv peb lub cev. Cov kua xim no yog yam uas muab xim rau peb daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag . Ib tug neeg uas muaj melanin ntau dua muaj daim tawv nqaij tsaus dua, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag. Ib tug neeg uas muaj melanin tsawg dua muaj daim tawv nqaij dawb dua. Yog li, ib tug neeg uas muaj albinism muaj melanin tsim tsawg heev hauv lawv lub cev. Yog vim li ntawd lawv daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau thiaj dawb heev.
Cov xim no, hu ua melanin, muaj lwm yam haujlwm tseem ceeb ntxiv rau kev muab xim. Uas yog, nws pab cov hlab ntsha hauv peb lub qhov muag kom loj hlob zoo. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus neeg uas muaj albinism yuav muaj qee qib kev tsis pom kev.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias albinism tsis yog ib yam kab mob, nws yog ib yam mob caj ces uas ib tug neeg yug los nrog. Nws tsis sib kis tau.
Puas yog qhov tseeb hu ib tug neeg 'albino'?
Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov cov neeg uas muaj tus mob no hu ua "albino." Tab sis ua cov kws kho mob, peb thiab ntau tus neeg uas muaj tus mob no nyiam kom lawv hu ua "tus neeg uas muaj albinism." Qhov ntawd yog vim nws tsis tsim nyog los hu ib tus neeg los ntawm lawv tus mob. Ib yam li hu ib tus neeg uas muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib ua "tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib" es tsis yog "tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib" ua rau tus neeg ntawd hwm.
Puas muaj cov hom kab mob albinism tseem ceeb?
Yog, muaj ob hom kab mob albinism tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, albinism tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ib feem ntawm qee cov kab mob caj ces tsis tshua muaj. Cia peb saib cov no sib cais.
| Hom kab mob Albinism | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Kab mob Albinism ntawm qhov muag (OCA) | Qhov no yog hom uas feem ntau pom. 'Oculo' txhais tau tias qhov muag, thiab 'Cutaneous' txhais tau tias daim tawv nqaij. Yog li, raws li lub npe qhia, nws cuam tshuam rau daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag . Muaj li ntawm 7 lwm hom subtypes ntawm hom no. Nyob ntawm hom subtype, xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm dawb mus rau xim av daj. |
| Kab mob Albinism ntawm lub qhov muag (OA) | Qhov no tsis tshua muaj ntau dua li OCA. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub qhov muag . Xim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau tsis raug cuam tshuam ntau. Lawv cov xim tawv nqaij yuav zoo ib yam li lwm tus hauv lawv tsev neeg lossis tsuas yog dawb me ntsis xwb. |
Albinism cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam mob
Tsis tshua muaj, albinism tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ib qho ntawm lwm cov kab mob caj ces nyuaj, uas txhais tau tias ntxiv rau albinism, lawv kuj muaj cov tsos mob uas cuam tshuam rau lwm lub cev.
- Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS): Ntxiv rau qhov muaj albinism, qhov mob no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntshav txhaws, mob ntsws, mob raum, lossis mob plab hnyuv .
- Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS): Hauv qhov mob no, albinism ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, ua rau nws yooj yim kis kab mob ntau zaus.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Tus mob albinism feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qhov tsos ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag, nrog rau kev pom kev.
Tawv nqaij
Cov neeg uas muaj albinism feem ntau muaj daim tawv nqaij dawb heev, tab sis qhov no nyob ntawm hom albinism uas lawv muaj thiab qhov ntau ntawm melanin uas lawv lub cev tsim tawm.
- OCA hom 1: Daim tawv nqaij daj ntseg heev, yuav luag dawb.
- OCA hom 2 thiab 4: Tej zaum yuav muaj daim tawv nqaij dawb mos mos.
- OCA hom 3: Daim tawv nqaij yuav muaj xim av liab.
Tseem ceeb heev: Melanin yog ib qho tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub rau peb daim tawv nqaij.Ib yam li ntawd. Nws tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub. Yog li thaum melanin raug txo qis, daim tawv nqaij yuav kub hnyiab yooj yim dua hauv lub hnub (kub hnyiab). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog nqaij tawv nqaij yog siab dua li lwm tus.
Cov plaub hau
Xim plaub hau kuj txawv nyob ntawm seb hom albinism yog dab tsi. Ib txhia neeg cov plaub hau dawb tag nrho. Lwm tus neeg yuav muaj plaub hau daj daj, kub daj, xim av daj, lossis liab. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm seb lub cev muaj melanin ntau npaum li cas.
Qhov muag
Xim qhov muag muaj xim xiav dawb, xim av daj, lossis xim av. Txawm li cas los xij, albinism tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau xim qhov muag xwb, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov muag pom kev.
- Pom tsis meej: Pom tej yam tsis meej, tsis meej pem.
- Cov Teeb Meem Refractive : Cov mob uas yuav tsum tau tsom iav, xws li pom kev ze lossis pom kev deb.
- Strabismus: Nyuaj rau ob lub qhov muag saib tib qho kev taw qhia.
- Nystagmus: Kev txav ntawm lub qhov muag sai sai, tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau .
- Kev ntshai duab: Qhov muag xiav dhau los ua xim xiav uas tsis pom kev thaum tshav ntuj lossis lub teeb ci ntsa iab.
- Kev pom qhov tob tsis zoo: Tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim qhov deb ntawm cov khoom kom raug.
Ua cas ho muaj li no? Qhov no puas yog ib yam uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces?
Yog, albinism yog ib qho mob uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws yog los ntawm niam txiv mus rau menyuam.
Muaj ntau cov noob caj noob ces hauv peb lub cev uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim melanin. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces no tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim melanin tsis zoo.
- Kab mob oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) yog tau txais los ntawm ib qho autosomal recessive pattern. Yog hais yooj yim xwb, yog ib tug me nyuam muaj tus mob no, lawv yuav tsum tau txais cov gene rau tus mob no los ntawm lawv niam thiab txiv . Yog tias tsuas muaj ib tug niam txiv tau txais cov gene no xwb, tus me nyuam yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob. Tab sis lawv yuav yog ib tug "neeg nqa" cov gene. Qhov no txhais tau tias yog tias lawv sib yuav nrog lwm tus neeg nqa yav tom ntej, muaj 25% feem pua uas lawv tus me nyuam yuav muaj albinism.
- Feem ntau cov kab mob albinism hauv qhov muag (OA) yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces uas muaj tus qauv 'X-linked' . Vim tias nws kis tau los ntawm X chromosome, feem ntau pom muaj rau cov txiv neej.
Yuav kuaj mob li cas thiab muaj kev kho mob dab tsi?
Kev txheeb xyuas
Feem ntau tus kws kho mob kuaj mob no los ntawm:
- Thaum kuaj lub cev:Cov tawv nqaij dawb, cov plaub hau dawb, thiab cov xim qhov muag dawb tuaj yeem pom thaum yug los lossis tom qab ntawd tsis ntev.
- Kev kuaj qhov muag tag nrho: Tshawb xyuas cov tsos mob ntsig txog qhov muag (xws li nystagmus thiab strabismus).
- Kev kuaj DNA: Qee zaum, kev kuaj noob caj ces tuaj yeem ua tau los xyuas kom meej hom albinism tshwj xeeb.
Kev kho mob thiab kev tswj hwm
Vim qhov no yog ib yam mob uas los ntawm noob caj ces, tsis muaj kev kho mob twg uas kho tau qhov mob no kom zoo los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev tsim cov melanin ntau ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam nrog tus mob no tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo thiab koj tuaj yeem ua neej noj qab nyob zoo thiab ib txwm muaj.
Muaj ob qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsom mus rau.
1. Kev saib xyuas daim tawv nqaij (tseem ceeb heev!)
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Hnub: Tsis txhob raug hnub ntau li ntau tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm 11 teev sawv ntxov thiab 3 teev tsaus ntuj.
- Tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub: Ib txwm siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub uas muaj SPF 30 lossis siab dua uas tiv thaiv tau ob qho tib si UVA thiab UVB thaum koj tawm mus sab nraum zoov . Nug koj tus kws kho mob kom paub ntxiv txog qhov no.
- Khaub Ncaws Tiv Thaiv: Ua kom nws yog ib qho kev coj ua los hnav khaub ncaws tes ntev, kaus mom, thiab tsom iav uas tiv thaiv UV.
- Kuaj xyuas koj daim tawv nqaij tsis tu ncua: Kuaj xyuas koj daim tawv nqaij tsis tu ncua seb puas muaj cov pob tshiab, cov pob khaus, lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm xim, qhov loj me, lossis cov duab. Mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd yog tias koj pom txawm tias qhov kev hloov pauv me me xwb los xij.
2. Kev tiv thaiv qhov muag
- Mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag: Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj albinism mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag tsis tu ncua.
- Cov Tsom Iav: Hnav cov tsom iav lossis cov iav sib cuag kom raug kom kho qhov yuam kev ntawm qhov muag.
- Cov khoom pab rau kev pom kev tsis meej: Cov khoom siv xws li cov iav tsom iav tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho kev pom kev.
- Kev Phais Mob: Qee zaum kev phais mob tuaj yeem ua tau los kho qhov muag strabismus.
Yog koj tus menyuam muaj mob albinism ...
Nws yog ib qho ib txwm rau cov niam txiv yuav tu siab thiab ntshai thaum lawv paub tias lawv tus menyuam muaj tus kab mob albinism. Tab sis nrog kev txhawb nqa thiab kev paub zoo, koj tuaj yeem muab lub neej zoo dua rau koj tus menyuam.
- Qhia rau tsev kawm ntawv: Nrog koj tus menyuam cov xib fwb tham thiab piav qhia txog lawv tus mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv qhov muag tsis pom kev. Thov kev pab nrog tej yam xws li zaum lawv nyob pem hauv ntej ntawm chav kawm thiab muab phau ntawv uas muaj cov ntawv loj rau lawv.
- Muab kev ntseeg siab rau koj tus menyuam: Vim koj tus menyuam zoo li txawv ntawm lwm tus, lawv yuav raug thuam thiab raug tsim txom hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab hauv zej zog. Yog li ntawd, tham nrog koj tus menyuam txog qhov no qhib siab txij li thaum nws tseem hluas. Ua kom lawv ntseeg siab tias lawv tuaj yeem qhia koj txog yam uas lawv xav txog.
- Ua kom siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub ua ib qho kev coj ua:Ua kom tsev neeg ib txwm siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub txhua hnub. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsis zoo li nws tsuas yog rau tus menyuam xwb.
- Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tsis tu ncua: Nco ntsoov coj koj tus menyuam mus kuaj mob tsis tu ncua txog daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag.
Kev ua neej nrog tus kab mob albinism tuaj yeem nyuaj heev. Tab sis nco ntsoov, nws tsis txwv tus neeg lub peev xwm, kev txawj ntse, lossis lub peev xwm kom ua tiav hauv lub neej. Yog tias muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev txhawb nqa zoo, lawv tuaj yeem ua neej vam meej thiab zoo siab ib yam li lwm tus.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kab mob Albinism tsis yog ib yam kab mob thiab tsis yog ib yam kab mob sib kis. Nws yog ib yam mob uas muaj los ntawm noob caj noob ces thaum yug los.
- Qhov no yog vim muaj kev txo qis ntawm cov xim melanin hauv lub cev.
- Qhov no cuam tshuam rau xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag, nrog rau qhov muag pom kev.
- Kev tiv thaiv koj daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub hnub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub kom raug thiab hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag tsis tu ncua rau kev kuaj qhov muag.
- Yog tias muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev txhawb nqa zoo, cov neeg uas muaj albinism tuaj yeem ua neej nyob zoo thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
💬 Comments (0)
Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus