Koj puas tau pom ib txhia neeg uas muaj daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau dawb heev lossis dawb heev, qee zaum muaj qhov muag xiav lossis xim av? Lub zej zog feem ntau muab lawv lub npe sib txawv, tab sis kev kho mob, qhov mob no hu ua Albinism . Muaj ntau tus neeg ntseeg yuam kev tias nws yog ib qho mob, tab sis qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog ib qho mob, thiab nws tsis kis tau. Peb puas yuav kawm ntxiv txog qhov no txhais li cas tiag?
Albinism yog dab tsi tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, Albinism yog ib yam mob caj ces uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis lossis tsis muaj tag nrho cov xim hu ua melanin ( melanin ).
Xav txog melanin zoo li koj lub cev cov "kim" ntuj. Cov xim no muab xim rau koj cov tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag . Cov neeg uas muaj melanin ntau dua muaj cov yam ntxwv tsaus dua, thaum cov neeg uas muaj tsawg dua muaj cov xim sib dua. Hauv cov neeg uas muaj Albinism, kev tsim melanin tsawg heev, yog vim li cas lawv cov tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau zoo li dawb heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, melanin tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv koj lub qhov muag. Vim li no, ntau tus neeg uas muaj Albinism muaj qee qhov kev tsis pom kev.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nco ntsoov tias Albinism tsis yog ib yam kab mob; nws yog ib qho mob caj ces uas muaj txij thaum yug los thiab tsis tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm tus.
Puas yog qhov tseeb hu ib tug neeg ua 'albino'?
Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov cov neeg uas muaj tus mob no hu ua "tus neeg albino." Txawm li cas los xij, ua cov kws kho mob, peb thiab ntau tus neeg uas muaj tus mob no nyiam siv lo lus "tus neeg uas muaj albinism." Qhov no yog vim tias nws yeej tsis yog kev hwm los txhais ib tus neeg los ntawm lawv tus mob xwb. Ib yam li peb hu ib tus neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib ua "tus neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib" es tsis yog lub npe, txoj hauv kev no qhia txog kev hwm tus neeg.
Puas muaj ntau hom Albinism sib txawv?
Yog, muaj ob hom kab mob Albinism tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov yam ntxwv ntawm Albinism tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ib feem ntawm cov kab mob caj ces tsis tshua muaj. Cia peb saib cov no sib cais.
| Hom kab mob Albinism | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Kab mob Albinism ntawm qhov muag (OCA) | Qhov no yog hom mob uas feem ntau pom. "Oculo" txhais tau tias ob lub qhov muag, thiab "Cutaneous" txhais tau tias daim tawv nqaij. Raws li lub npe qhia, nws cuam tshuam rau daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag . Muaj li xya hom OCA, thiab nyob ntawm hom, plaub hau thiab daim tawv nqaij xim tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm dawb mus rau xim av daj. |
| Kab mob Albinism ntawm lub qhov muag (OA) | Qhov no tsis tshua muaj ntau dua li OCA. Nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov muag xwb. Nws tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau xim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau, uas tej zaum yuav zoo li cov neeg hauv tsev neeg lossis tsuas yog dawb me ntsis xwb. |
Albinism cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam mob
Muaj tej yam tsis tshua muaj, Albinism yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob caj ces nyuaj dua, uas txhais tau tias lwm yam kab mob hauv lub cev kuj yuav raug cuam tshuam:
- Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS): Ntxiv rau albinism, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem ntshav txhaws, lossis mob ntsws, raum, lossis plab hnyuv .
- Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS): Tus mob no muaj albinism nrog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev rov kis kab mob .
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Albinism feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo li ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag, nrog rau koj qhov muag pom kev.
Tawv nqaij
Daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug neeg uas muaj Albinism feem ntau yog daj ntseg heev, txawm hais tias qhov no nyob ntawm hom tshwj xeeb thiab qhov ntau ntawm melanin tsim tawm.
- OCA Hom 1: Tawv nqaij daj ntseg heev, feem ntau yog dawb.
- OCA Hom 2 thiab 4: Daim tawv nqaij yuav zoo li dawb creamy.
- OCA Hom 3: Daim tawv nqaij yuav muaj xim av liab.
Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb: Melanin ua haujlwm zoo li koj lub cev cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub ( tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub ) , tiv thaiv koj ntawm cov teeb meem UV. Vim tias cov melanin tsawg, cov neeg uas muaj Albinism hlawv yooj yim heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav tawv nqaij yog siab dua li qhov nruab nrab.
Cov plaub hau
Xim plaub hau sib txawv raws li hom Albinism. Ib txhia neeg yuav muaj plaub hau dawb tag, thaum lwm tus yuav muaj xim daj daj, xim av daj, xim av daj, lossis xim liab, txhua yam nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg melanin tsim tawm.
Qhov muag
Xim qhov muag muaj ntau yam xws li xiav dawb mus rau xim av daj. Txawm li cas los xij, Albinism cuam tshuam ntau dua li xim xwb; nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov muag pom kev:
- Pom tsis meej: Muaj teeb meem pom tej yam meej.
- Cov Teeb Meem Refractive ( Refractive Errors ): Cov mob xws li pom kev ze lossis pom kev deb uas yuav tsum tau siv cov iav kho qhov muag.
- Strabismus (qhov muag sib tshuam): Nyuaj rau kev teeb tsa ob lub qhov muag tib lub sijhawm.
- Nystagmus: Kev txav mus los sai ntawm lub qhov muag yam tsis xav tau.
- Kev ntshai duab: Kev rhiab heev rau lub hnub ci lossis lub teeb ci ntsa iab.
- Kev pom qhov tob txo qis: Nyuaj rau kev ntsuas qhov deb ntawm cov khoom kom raug.
Ua cas qhov no thiaj tshwm sim? Puas yog nws tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces?
Yog, Albinism yog ib qho mob caj ces xwb , txhais tau tias nws tau txais los ntawm niam txiv mus rau lawv cov menyuam.
Peb lub cev muaj ntau hom noob caj noob ces uas ua rau muaj melanin. Kev hloov pauv lossis kev hloov pauv hauv cov noob caj noob ces tshwj xeeb no yog yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim melanin ib txwm muaj.
- Kab mob oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) yog tau txais los ntawm tus qauv 'autosomal recessive' . Hais yooj yim xwb, rau ib tug me nyuam kom muaj tus mob no, lawv yuav tsum tau txais cov noob caj noob ces los ntawm ob leeg niam txiv . Yog tias ib tug me nyuam tau txais cov noob caj noob ces los ntawm ib tug niam txiv xwb, lawv yuav tsis qhia cov tsos mob; txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav dhau los ua "tus nqa." Yav tom ntej, yog tias lawv muaj ib tug me nyuam nrog lwm tus nqa, muaj 25% feem pua uas lawv tus me nyuam yuav muaj albinism.
- Ocular albinism (OA) feem ntau yog tau txais los ntawm 'X-linked'tus qauv. Vim tias qhov no cuam tshuam txog X chromosome, qhov mob feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov txiv neej.
Yuav txheeb xyuas thiab tswj nws li cas?
Kev kuaj mob
Feem ntau koj tus kws kho mob txheeb xyuas qhov mob no los ntawm:
- Kev Kuaj Lub Cev: Feem ntau cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag yuav pom tseeb thaum yug los lossis tom qab ntawd.
- Kev Kuaj Qhov Muag Kom Paub Txhua Yam: Kev soj ntsuam cov mob qhov muag tshwj xeeb (xws li nystagmus lossis strabismus).
- Kev Kuaj DNA: Qee zaum, kev kuaj noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem ua tau los xyuas kom meej hom albinism tshwj xeeb.
Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas
Vim qhov no yog ib yam mob uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces, tam sim no tsis muaj tshuaj kho kom lub cev tsim melanin ntau ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem ua lub neej noj qab nyob zoo thiab ib txwm muaj los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov teeb meem cuam tshuam.
Muaj ob qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua.
1. Kev Saib Xyuas Tawv Nqaij (Tseem Ceeb!)
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Hnub: Tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj ncaj qha thiab hnyav ntau li ntau tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm 11:00 AM thiab 3:00 PM.
- Tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub: Txhua hnub, thaum twg koj tawm mus sab nraum zoov, thov siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub uas muaj SPF 30 lossis siab dua uas tiv thaiv tau ob qho tib si UVA thiab UVB. Sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom tau txais cov lus qhia rau koj.
- Khaub Ncaws Tiv Thaiv: Ua kom nws yog ib qho kev coj ua los hnav khaub ncaws tes ntev, kaus mom, thiab tsom iav uas tiv thaiv UV.
- Kuaj Xyuas Tawv Nqaij Tsis Tu Ncua: Saib xyuas koj daim tawv nqaij tsis tu ncua kom paub seb puas muaj cov pob tshiab, cov qhov me me, lossis cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim, qhov loj me, lossis cov duab ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm. Yog tias koj pom muaj kev hloov pauv dab tsi, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
2. Kev Kho Mob Qhov Muag
- Kev Kuaj Qhov Muag Tsis Tu Ncua: Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj albinism mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag tsis tu ncua.
- Cov Iav Kho Kom Zoo: Hnav cov tsom iav lossis cov iav sib cuag kom raug kom kho qhov yuam kev ntawm qhov muag.
- Cov Khoom Siv Pab Pom Kev: Siv cov cuab yeej xws li cov tsom iav loj kom pab pom kev meej.
- Kev Phais Mob: Qee zaum, kev phais mob tuaj yeem ua tau los kho qhov muag kom sib ncaj (strabismus).
Yog koj tus menyuam muaj mob albinism ...
Thaum niam txiv paub tias lawv tus menyuam muaj tus kab mob albinism, nws yog ib qho zoo uas lawv yuav txhawj xeeb lossis ntxhov siab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj kev txhawb nqa thiab kev paub zoo, koj tuaj yeem muab lub neej zoo rau koj tus menyuam.
- Qhia rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv: Tham txog koj tus menyuam qhov mob nrog lawv cov xib fwb, tshwj xeeb yog hais txog kev tsis pom kev zoo. Thov kev pab xws li zaum pem hauv ntej lossis cov phau ntawv loj.
- Tsim Kev Ntseeg Siab Rau Koj Tus Kheej: Vim tias koj tus menyuam yuav zoo li txawv, lawv yuav raug kev thuam lossis kev tsim txom. Tham nrog lawv txij li thaum lawv tseem hluas thiab tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig zoo uas lawv xis nyob qhia lawv txoj kev xav rau koj.
- Siv Tshuaj Pleev Xim Tiv Thaiv Hnub Ci Li Qub: Ua kom kev siv tshuaj pleev xim tiv thaiv hnub ci ua ib qho kev coj ua hauv tsev neeg kom koj tus menyuam thiaj li tsis xav tias raug xaiv tseg.
- Kev Soj Ntsuam Tsis Tu Ncua: Xyuas kom koj tus menyuam ua raws li txhua qhov kev teem sijhawm rau daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag.
Kev nyob nrog tus kab mob albinism tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cov nyom, tab sis nco ntsoov: nws tsis cuam tshuam tus neeg lub tswv yim, lub peev xwm, lossis lub peev xwm ua tiav. Yog tias muaj kev tswj hwm zoo thiab ib puag ncig txhawb nqa, koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua lub neej zoo thiab txaus siab ib yam li lwm tus.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Albinism tsis yog ib yam kab mob lossis mob sib kis; nws yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm caj ces.
- Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm kev tsim cov melanin.
- Nws cuam tshuam rau cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab qhov muag, thiab kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov muag pom kev.
- Kev tiv thaiv koj daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub hnub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Kev siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thiab khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kom raug yuav txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov muag tsis tu ncua.
- Yog tias muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev txhawb nqa zoo, cov neeg uas muaj albinism tuaj yeem ua neej nyob zoo, noj qab nyob zoo, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Albinism, Melanin, Mob tawv nqaij, Pom kev, Kab mob caj ces, Tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub, Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij
