Tej zaum koj twb tau pom lo lus ' Stem Cells ' hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, cov xov xwm, lossis hauv online. Ib txhia hais tias lawv kho tau txhua yam kab mob, thaum lwm tus hais tias lawv yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo. Yog li, stem cells yog dab tsi tiag? Lawv puas hloov pauv yav tom ntej ntawm kev kho mob tiag tiag? Cia peb piav qhia yooj yim.
Hauv cov lus yooj yim, Cov Stem Cells Yog Dab Tsi?
Xav txog ib lub pob av nplaum. Koj tuaj yeem pwm nws ua ib tug menyuam roj hmab, ib lub lauj kaub, lossis ib lub duab puab. Cov hlwb ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws; lawv yog lub cev 'qhov tseem ceeb' lossis 'tus tswv' hlwb. Cov hlwb no muaj ob lub peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus:
1. Kev tsim dua tshiab ntawm tus kheej: Ib lub hlwb stem cell tuaj yeem faib thiab tsim ntau yam ntawm nws tus kheej.
2. Kev Sib Txawv: Qhov no yog lawv qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Cov hlwb qia tuaj yeem hloov mus ua cov hlwb tshwj xeeb uas lub cev xav tau. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov hlwb ntshav , cov hlwb hlwb ( neurons ), cov hlwb nqaij plawv, cov hlwb tawv nqaij , lossis cov hlwb pob txha .
Tsis muaj lwm lub cell hauv koj lub cev muaj qhov ua tau ntau yam no, yog vim li cas cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb thiaj li zoo siab txog lawv lub peev xwm.
Vim li cas cov hlwb ntawm cov noob hlwb thiaj tseem ceeb ua luaj?
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov hlwb noob yog tus yuam sij rau kev hloov pauv hauv kev kho mob yav tom ntej. Lawv tseem ceeb rau peb qho laj thawj tseem ceeb:
| Qhov Tseem Ceeb | Piav Qhia Yooj Yim |
|---|---|
| Kev kho mob raws li cell | Xav txog ib tug neeg muaj lub plawv puas lawm. Yog tias peb siv tau cov noob hlwb los cog cov hlwb plawv noj qab haus huv thiab hloov mus rau qhov chaw puas lawm, qhov ntawd yuav yog kev hloov pauv. Qhov no hu ua Kev Kho Mob Rov Qab Tshiab - kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho lossis hloov cov nqaij thiab cov kabmob uas puas lawm. |
| Nkag Siab Txog Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Kab Mob | Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam seb cov noob hlwb hloov mus ua cov qog nqaij hlav lossis cov qog mob li cas hauv chav kuaj mob, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua txog cov kab mob pib thiab loj hlob li cas. Cov kev paub no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nrhiav kev kho mob tshiab. |
| Kev Kuaj Tshuaj Tshiab | Ua ntej yuav sim cov tshuaj tshiab rau tib neeg, peb yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo. Cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tsim cov hlwb tshwj xeeb rau kab mob (piv txwv li, cov hlwb siab) hauv chav kuaj mob siv cov hlwb noob los sim seb cov tshuaj teb li cas, muab daim duab meej dua ua ntej kev sim tshuaj. |
Cov Hom Stem Cell Tseem Ceeb Yog Dab Tsi?
Feem ntau, peb faib cov hlwb qia ua ob hom tseem ceeb:
1. Cov Qog Nqaij Hauv Lub Cev Me Nyuam
Cov no yog cov 'super' cell uas muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws. Raws li lub npe qhia, lawv tau los ntawm cov embryos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tseem tshuav los ntawm kev kho mob fertility (xws liIVF ) thiab siv rau kev tshawb fawb nrog kev tso cai tag nrho ntawm niam txiv.
Cov no hu ua 'pluripotent' cell, uas txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus ua yuav luag txhua hom cell hauv lub cev. Vim li no, lawv muaj kev cia siab heev rau kev kho cov nqaij, txawm hais tias lawv siv tseem yog ib qho kev sib cav txog kev ncaj ncees thoob ntiaj teb.
2. Cov Qog Ncej Laus
Txawm hais tias lub npe no yog li cas los xij, cov hlwb no pom muaj nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg—cov menyuam mos, cov menyuam yaus, thiab cov neeg laus. Lawv tsis muaj zog npaum li cov hlwb embryonic thiab feem ntau pom muaj me me hauv cov nqaij xws li pob txha, daim tawv nqaij, lub hlwb, thiab lub siab.
Feem ntau cov hlwb laus tsuas yog tsim cov hlwb tshwj xeeb rau cov nqaij uas lawv nyob xwb. Piv txwv li, cov hlwb tawv nqaij feem ntau tsim cov hlwb tawv nqaij tshiab, tsis yog cov hlwb plawv.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb: iPS Cells
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom ib txoj hauv kev los coj ib lub cell laus ib txwm, zoo li lub cell tawv nqaij, thiab 'rov ua dua' nws hauv chav kuaj kom ua zoo li lub embryonic stem cell. Cov no hu ua Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPS cells) . Qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab no tau qhib qhov rooj tshawb fawb tshiab thaum hla dhau qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev coj ncaj ncees uas cuam tshuam nrog cov cell embryonic.
Cov Kev Kho Mob Tam Sim No Yog Dab Tsi?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm kev kho mob uas tau ua pov thawj thiab kev tshawb fawb sim .
Cov Kev Kho Mob Uas Tau Pom Zoo Thiab Siv Tam Sim No
Txoj kev kho mob uas siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog kev hloov cov qe ntshav uas tsim cov noob , feem ntau hu ua 'kev hloov cov hlwb pob txha'.
Qhov no yog kev saib xyuas tus qauv rau:
- Cov mob qog ntshav (piv txwv li, Leukemia, Lymphoma)
- Qee yam kab mob ntshav (piv txwv li, Sickle cell anemia)
- Rov kho cov pob txha uas raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev kho mob chemotherapy.
Cov hlwb no feem ntau yog los ntawm cov neeg pub dawb noj qab haus huv lossis los ntawm cov ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntaws uas tau sau thaum yug los.
Kev Cia Siab Yav Tom Ntej thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Sim
Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm los siv kev kho mob stem cell rau ntau lwm yam mob. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov no tseem nyob rau theem sim:
- Kab mob Parkinson
- Kab mob Alzheimer
- Kab mob ntshav qab zib
- Kab mob plawv
- Kev raug mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha caj qaum
- Mob pob qij txha
Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias muaj ib lub tsev kho mob twg hais tias lawv muaj 'kev kho mob stem cell lav' rau cov mob no, yuav tsum ceev faj heev. Cov no tseem tsis tau pom zoo rau kev kho mob ib txwm muaj. Ib txwm tham txog cov kev xaiv no nrog koj tus kws kho mob thawj zaug.
Cov Kev Kho Mob No Puas Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb?
Ib yam li lwm yam thev naus laus zis kho mob tshiab, kev kho mob nrog stem cell muaj kev pheej hmoo uas cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm los txo qis:
- Kev Pheej Hmoo ntawm Kev Tsim Mob Qog: Vim tias cov hlwb noob faib sai sai, muaj kev pheej hmoo tias lawv yuav loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau, tsim cov qog.
- Kev Puas Tsuaj Rau Cov noob caj noob ces: Cov cell uas raug kho hauv chav kuaj yuav raug hloov pauv noob caj noob ces.
- Kev Tsis Lees Txais Lub Cev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob: Koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav paub cov hlwb pub dawb ua 'cov neeg txawv teb chaws nkag teb chaws' thiab tawm tsam lawv.
- Kev Pheej Hmoo Phais: Cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau sau lossis cog cov hlwb (xws li kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub hlwb lossis lub plawv) muaj kev pheej hmoo phais.
Kev nrhiav kev kho mob los ntawm cov chaw kho mob hlwb uas tsis tau lees paub lossis tsis tau raws li tus qauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev. Ib txwm muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj pov thawj.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov hlwb qia (stem cells) yog cov 'cell tswv' tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua hom cell hauv lub cev thiab muaj peev xwm loj heev rau kev kho mob.
- Tam sim no, kev kho mob hlwb uas ua tiav zoo feem ntau yog siv rau cov mob qog ntshav thiab cov kab mob ntshav tshwj xeeb.
- Kev kho mob rau tus kab mob ntshav qab zib, Parkinson's, thiab kab mob plawv tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav thiab tseem tsis tau pom zoo rau kev siv dav dav.
- Ua ntej koj ntseeg cov ntaub ntawv uas koj pom hauv online txog kev kho mob stem cell, thov koj nrog koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog tham.
- Ceev faj txog cov 'stem cell clinics' uas tsis tau lees paub tias yuav ua tau zoo kawg nkaus. Tsis txhob muab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tso rau hauv kev pheej hmoo.
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