"Cancer" tih thumal kan hriat hian mi tam tak chu hlauhnain a khat thin. Chung zingah chuan hnute cancer tih thumal kan hriat hian kan hmeichhiate hi an buai zual hle. Mahse hlauhna hi a chinfelna tha ber a ni lo. Chu ai chuan hei hi hriatthiam leh hriat chian hi keimahni invenna tha ber a ni. Chuvangin vawiin hian hnute cancer chungchang hi awlsam tak leh friendly takin i sawi dawn nia.
Hnute cancer hi mi zawng zawng tan a inang vek em? Nge chi hrang hrang a awm em?
No. Strict takin sawi ila, mi zawng zawng hian hnute cancer hi a inang vek lo. Breast cancer hi chi hrang hrang, a nih loh leh subtype hrang hrang a awm a. Doctor-te chuan heng chi hrang hrangte hi cancer cells te tihpunna tura puitu protein (receptor) thenkhat an neih leh neih loh a zirin an thliar hrang thin. A awlsam zawngin, cancer cell thenkhat chu naupang riltam ang mai an ni. Kan taksaa hormone ang chi thil te chu "chaw" atan an mamawh a, chu chu an lo thang lian thei a ni.
Receptor hi chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu:
1. Hormone receptor (HR): Hengte hi hmeichhe hormone estrogen leh progesterone te an ni. Heng receptor te hi cancer cell-ah an awm a nih chuan heng hormone te hian cancer chu a tipung thei a ni.
2. HER2 receptor: Hei hi protein dang `(Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) an tih a ni.` Hei hi cancer cell-ah a overexpress a nih chuan cancer hi a thang chak hle thei a ni.
Cancer te hi heng receptor te hi an neih leh neih loh a zirin chi hrang hrangah an inthen a. A chi hrang hrang hi han thlir ila.
| Cancer subtype a ni | Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| HR+/HER2- (Luminal A) ah hian a awm a. | Hei hi a tam ber chi a ni. Hormone receptor (HR) a nei a, mahse HER2 receptor a nei lo. Hormonal therapy-ah a chhang tha hle a, chuvangin a damna rate pawh a sang hle. |
| HR+/HER2+ (Luminal B) tih a ni. | Hormone receptor leh HER2 receptor pahnih a nei bawk. Hetiang chi hi a thang chak deuh thei. |
| HR-/HER2+ tih a ni | Hormone receptor a nei lo a, mahse HER2 receptor a nei ve tho. Hei atan hian HER2-targeted therapy hi a hlawk hle. |
| Triple-Negative (TNBC) a ni a, a hlawhtling hle. | Hei hi a aggressive zawk type a ni. Estrogen, progesterone leh HER2 receptor pathumte a neih loh avangin hormone therapy emaw HER2-targeted therapy emaw hmanga enkawl theih a ni lo. Chemotherapy hi a enkawlna ber a ni. Hetiang chi hi hmeichhe naupangte zingah hmuh tur a tam ber. |
Engtin nge genes hian cancer hi a nghawng?
Mi thenkhat chuan, "Ka thlah zingah hian tumahin an nei lo a, chuvang chuan ka tihhmasawn theihna tur kawng a awm lo," tiin an ngaihtuah thin. Mahse chu chu a dik vek lo. Mahse, thlah khat atanga thlah khata lo awm thin genetic influence a awm bawk.
Kan taksaah hian cell hrang hrang inthen darh dan tur thununtu gene bik a awm a. Heng genes-ah hian mutation a awm chuan cell te chu thunun theih lohvin an inthen tan thei a, cancer an nei thei bawk. Breast cancer nena inzawm gene hriat lar ber berte chu BRCA1 leh BRCA2 te an ni. Hmeichhia heng genes-a mutation nei hi midang aiin hnute cancer (leh ovarian cancer) vei theihna a sang zawk hle.
A pawimawh ber chu hmeichhia tu pawhin hnute cancer an nei thei a, BRCA mutation nei emaw nei lo emaw pawh nise. I chhungkuaa mi tu emaw chuan naupan laia hnute cancer a vei tawh a nih chuan, i doctor nen genetic testing neih leh neih loh chungchang sawipui chu a finthlak hle ang.
Hei bakah hian gene dang engemaw zat, `TP53` leh `PALB2` te chungchangah zirchianna neih mek a ni bawk. Science a lo thang chhoh zel chuan hengte enkawlna tha ber berte kan hmu thei dawn a ni.
Kan nunphung hian risk a nghawng em?
Ni e, a dik tak zet. Genes chauh ni lovin, kan nunphung pawhin hnute cancer vei theihna kawngah nghawng lian tak a nei a ni. Zirchianna thenkhatah chuan ram changkang zawkte nunphung kan zawm hian cancer vei theihna a sang hle tih an hmuchhuak a. Hei hi chhan hrang hrang a awm a.
- Obesity: Taksa thau a san chuan, a bik takin menopause hnuah estrogen level a sang chho thin. Hei hi HR+ cancer vei theihna tur risk factor a ni.
- Ei leh in hrisel lo: Processed foods, sa sen, sugar leh thau tamna ei hian a hlauhawmna a tipung a ni. Thlai, thei, legumes, leh whole grains tamna eiturCancer vei theihna tihziaawmna atan a pui .
- Exercise neih loh: Sedentary lifestyle hmangtute chu active life hmangtute aiin an hlauhawm zawk.
- Nau hnute pek loh: Nau hnute pek hian nu hnute cancer vei theihna a ti tlem tih finfiahna chiang tak a awm.
- Zu in: Zu in hi hnute cancer vei theihna tipungtu lian tak a ni bawk .
Engvângin nge a hmaa hriat chhuah chu nunna chhanhimtu a nih?
He thuziaka thuchah pawimawh ber chu hei hi a ni mai thei: Hnute cancer hi eng ang pawhin na tak ni mah se, a hmaa hriat chhuah chuan tihdam vek theih a ni . A tihkhawtlai hunah chauh dinhmun a chhe zual thin.
Ngaihtuah teh, cancer hi a tir lamah hmuhchhuah a nih chuan, chu chu hnute chhungah chauh (local stage) a nih laiin, kum 5 chhunga damchhuah zat chu 95% aia tam a ni . Chumi awmzia chu mi 100 zinga 95 chu an dam tha dawn tihna a ni.
Mahse, cancer hi a bul hnaia lymph node (regional stage)-ah a darh tawh a nih chuan he percentage hi 85% vel a ni. Vanduaithlak takin cancer hi taksa peng hla tak tak, thin, lung, leh thluak (distant stage)-a a darh hnua hmuhchhuah a nih chuan he percentage hi 30% thlengin a tlahniam a ni.
A danglamna chu i hrethiam em? Hriat hmasak chuan dam leh thihna inthlauhna a kawk thei.
Chuti a nih chuan engvangin nge kan tihkhawtlai? A châng chuan hlauhna avang te, mualphona avang te, "Lump te tak te chauh a ni a, a mah chauhin a dam leh ang," tih ngaihtuah emaw, hriat lohna avang emaw hian doctor hmuh kan tikhawtlai thin. Chu chu kan tihsual lian ber a ni.
Engtin nge i tih ang?
- Self-Breast Exam: Thla khatah vawi khat tal i hnute enfiah thin ang che. Nipple atanga lump, vun inthlak, pianzia inthlak emaw, discharge emaw i hmuh chuan ngaihven nghal rawh.
- Doctor hmu rawh: Kum 40 chunglam i nih a, symptom i neih loh chuan i doctor nen inbia la, a tul chuan mammogram la rawh. Mammogram hian kan hriat theih loh lump te te pawh a hmu thei a ni.
- Hlauthawng suh: Hlauthawng suh la, inthlak danglamna i hmuh chuan thup rawh. Hnute chhunga lumps zawng zawng hi cancer a ni vek lo. Mahse doctor-in cancer a nih leh nih loh a rel tur a ni. Chuvangin rinhlelhna tlemte pawh i neih chuan doctor pan nghal rawh.
Tunah chuan enkawlna kawng hrang hrang a lo changkang tawh hle. Thil thlan tur tam tak a awm a, chu chu surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, leh targeted therapy te hi a ni. I doctor chuan i tana enkawlna tha ber tur a ruat ang. A pawimawh ber chu inenkawlna tihkhawtlai loh hi a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Hnute cancer hi hlauh tur leh inthup tur a ni lo va, fimkhur tur leh hmachhawn tur a ni.
- Cancer hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, chuvangin mi hrang hrangah enkawl dan a inang lo thei.
- Genetic influence awm mahse kan nunphung (diet, exercise) hian a hlauhawmna a ti tlem thei a ni.
- Hrilhfiah hmasak hi nunna chhanhimna kawngkhar a ni. A hmaa hmuhchhuah a nih chuan dam leh theihna chance a sang hle.
- I hnuteah danglamna (lump, vun inthlak danglamna) i hmuh chuan hlauthawng suh la, tihkhawtlai lo la, doctor pan nghal rawh.
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