Damdawi lama beiseina thar ber: Gene Therapy chungchang hi a awlsam zawngin i zir ang u

Natna thenkhat chu i nu leh pa atanga lo chhuak a awm a ni lawm ni? A nih loh leh natna thenkhat, damdawi emaw, zai emaw pawha tihdam kim harsa tak tak a awm bawk. Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksa ngeia genes tihdanglam theih dan leh a bul atanga natna pakhat tihdam theih dan awm ta se engtin nge ni ang? Gene therapy hi hmalam hun atana beiseina ropui tak pakhat a ni. Hei hi thil thar tak ni mah se, medical science lama danglamna lian tak thlen thei thilah ngaih a ni.

Gene therapy chu eng nge ni mai?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, Gene therapy hi damdawi lam thiamna, mahni genetic material hmanga natna venna leh enkawl dan a ni. Thuthlung hluiah chuan damdawi, pill, syrup , injection, a nih loh leh surgery ang chi thil kan hmang ṭhin. Mahse he technique hmang hian doctor te chuan nangmah ngeiin i genetic makeup an nghawng thei a, natna pakhat chhan bulpui chu an siam tha thei bawk.

Kan taksa hi building lian tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. Chu building siamna atana hman blueprint chu kan genes a ni . A châng chuan he blueprint-ah hian tihsual tlem emaw, tlin lohna emaw a awm thei bawk. Chu tihsual chu natna thenkhat thlentu a ni. Chuvangin gene therapy chu chu blueprint dik lo siamthatna a ni. Chumi awmzia chu:

• Natna thlentu protein tihtlem: Gene thenkhat a thawh that loh chuan taksa tana tha lo protein an siam chhuak thin. Hetiang hmanrua hian an siam chhuah a tihtlem thei a ni.
• Protein tha siam chhuah tipung: A chang chuan taksain a mamawh protein a siam chhuak tawk lo. Chutiang a nih chuan, he hmanrua hian gene-te chu chu protein siam ṭha tûrin a hrilh thei a ni.
• Protein thar emaw, siam danglam emaw siam: Hetiang hmanrua hian taksa chhungah natna do thei tur protein chi thar a siam thei bawk.

Hei hian kan taksaah engtin nge hna a thawh?

Hei hi hrethiam tur chuan genes chungchang tlem han zir hmasa ila. Kan taksaa cell tin hian nucleus an nei vek a. Chu nucleus chhungah chuan chromosome an tih thilte a awm a . Heng chromosome te hi DNA atanga siam an ni . He DNA hian i sam rawng, mit rawng leh i san zawng atanga engkim tichiangtu information a keng tel a ni.

Heng DNA hmun bikte hi gene kan tih hi an ni . Cookbook lian tak (DNA)-a recipe awm ang mai a ni. Heng genes te hian kan taksa hnathawhna atana pawimawh protein siam dan tur thupek a pe a. Chu recipe chuan cake siam dan min hrilh a.

A châng chuan kan tar chhoh zêl chuan, kan chhehvêla thil tha lo (toxins) a lo awm ṭhinChemical nena inzawm, emaw nu leh pa atanga rochun a nih chuan heng gene-ah hian inthlak danglamna tenau (gene variants/mutations) a awm thin. Chu recipe-a lehkha emaw thumal emaw chu a dik lo ang mai a ni. Tichuan protein (cake) siam pawh hi a dik lo a ni. Chu chu natna tam tak bul a ni.

Tunah hian gene therapy hi eng natna atan nge hman a nih?

Dik tak chuan gene therapy hmanga enkawlna tam tak chu clinical trials stage-ah a la awm a ni. Chumi awmzia chu mi hnena pek an nih hmain an him leh tangkai em tih enfiah an ni tihna a ni. Tuna he method atana zirchianna kalpui mekte chu:

• Ngawt
• Macular degeneration leh mit natna dangte
• Hereditary genetic condition thenkhat
• HIV /AIDS natna a ni

Mahse, tunah chuan US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-in a pawmpui gene therapy method engemaw zat a awm tawh a, hei hi mumang mai a ni tawh lo tihna a ni. Entir nan:

• Luxturna®: Hei hi mit natna thenkhat rochun avanga mitdelte tan vawi khat enkawlna a ni .
• Zolgensma®: Hei hi naupang kum 2 hnuai lam natna khirh tak, Spinal Muscular Atrophy enkawlna atana pawm a ni.

Hetiang enkawlna hi chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, gene therapy tih dan tlangpui pathum a awm. Eng nge an nih i en ang u.

Engtin nge taksaah hian genes hi luhtir a nih?

Heng gene hrisel tak takte hi kan cell-ah direct-in an lut lo. Lirthei an mamawh a ni. Chu lirthei chu ‘vector’ an ti a. Parcel i thawn dawn tih han ngaihtuah teh. Courier (the vector) chuan chu parcel (gene) chu a kalna tur hmun dik takah (cell) chu a hruai a.

A tam zawkah chuan virus te hi heng ‘vector’ atan hian an hmang thin. Tunah chuan, "I taksaah virus i dah chuan a ti na lo ang em?" Heta scientist-te thil tih chu virus pakhat natna thlentu peng zawng zawng chu paih vek a, cell chhunga lut thei tur part chauh a awm ta a ni. Tichuan, gene hrisel tak chu virus chhungah an dah lut a, taksaah an luhtir ta a ni.

Chutianga tih theih dan tlangpui pahnih a awm a, chungte chu:

1. In vivo (taksa chhungah): Hetah hian genes awmna ‘vector’ chu vaccine angin taksaah direct-in inject a ni.

2. Ex vivo (taksa pawn lam): Hei hian i taksa atanga cell thenkhat (e.g. thisen cells) lakchhuah a, chu cells ah chuan genes te chu lab ah dah la, chu modified cells te chu i taksaah dah leh a ni.

Gene therapy hian eng nge a thatna leh a that lohna?

Engkim ang bawkin he method hian a thatna leh that lohna a nei a.

Hemi chungchang hi ka doctor nen kan sawi dun tur em ni?

Nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga tu emaw hian thlahtu natna, cancer, emaw, hetia kan sawi ang chi natna enkawl harsa tak tak i neih chuan, chu chu i doctor nen inbiakna neih a pawimawh hle.

Sri Lanka ramah hian gene therapy hi enkawl dan pangngai a la ni lo. Mahse khawvel hmun hrang hranga heng thil thleng mekte hi hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Nakin lawkah chuan hengte hi enkawlna pangngai a lo ni thei mai thei.

He technology hi siam chhuah nan hun engemaw chen a la ngai dawn a, mahse hei hian natna pakhat chu eng ang pawhin pawi mahse, damdawi lam science-in a chinfel dan tur zawngin a bei reng tih a tilang chiang hle. Chu chu kan zavaia tan beiseina ropui tak a ni.