He fungus hian i lung pawh a nghawng thei em? Histoplasmosis chungchang hi i zir dawn teh ang!

``Histoplasmosis'' tih natna hi i hre tawh em? A hming hi a mak deuhin a ri mai thei. Mahse fungal infection a nih avangin kan lung a nghawng thei a, fimkhur tur thil a ni. He fungus hi leiah a cheng a, a bik takin sava emaw bat emaw ek awmna leiah hian a cheng a ni. He natna hi he fungus awmna leivut kan thawh chuan kan vei thin.

Histoplasmosis hi eng nge ni tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, histoplasmosis hi kan lung chhunga natna hrik hi ``Histoplasma capsulatum`` (``Histoplasma capsulatum`` emaw ``H. capsulatum``) tih hming pu fungus chi khat atanga lo chhuak a ni. He fungus hi khawvel hmun tam takah leiah hmuh tur a awm a, America ang ramah pawh a awm fo. He fungus hi kan Sri Lanka-ah pawh hmuh tur a awm a, a bik takin bat lungpui chhehvel leiah te, in hlui te, sava chinna hmunah te pawh kan hmu thei a ni. Heng fungal spore awmna leivut kan thawh hian kan taksaah a lut thin.

He natna chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, histoplasmosis hi chi hrang hrang lian tak tak a awm. Doctor-te chuan heng chi hrang hrangte hi eng chen nge symptoms i neih tawh leh i taksa peng dangah a darh tawh em tih a zirin an ruat thin.

1. Pulmonary histoplasmosis natna hlauhawm tak (acute pulmonary histoplasmosis) a awm thin

Hei hi hri kai tam ber a ni. He fungus vei zinga 10% vel chuan pneumonia ang chi natna an nei thin. Chung zingah chuan khawsik, khuh, leh thawk harsatna te a tel. Mahse, natna grade hniam tak i kai chuan a lan chhuah dan a na lo thei a, thla engemaw zat a daih thei bawk. Hei hi subacute stage an ti a.

2. A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a

Hei hi hun rei tak chhunga awm tur a ni. Lung natna nei, emphysema emaw COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) te zingah a tam zawk. Acute form aiin symptoms a na zawk thei a, mahse zan lama thawk hah leh taksa rihna tlahniam a awm thei. A natna lan chhuah dan hi thla tam tak chhung, kum tam tak chhung pawh a awm thei. Tuberculosis ang deuhin a lang thei. Enkawl loh chuan lung a chhiatna chu a pung zauh zauh ang.

3. Histoplasmosis darh zel (progressive disseminated histoplasmosis) a awm thin

Hei hi H. capsulatum fungus chu lung atanga taksa peng dang a darh lai a ni. Hei hi immune system chak lo tak tak nei teah a thleng tlangpui. Entirnan, HIV hrik kai hmasawn tawhte. Hei hian thawk hahna, hahna, taksa rihna tlahniam, leh vun natna a tizual thei a ni.

Tin, histoplasmosis chi hrang hrang thluak tibuaitu (central nervous system histoplasmosis) leh mit tichhe thei (ocular histoplasmosis) chi hrang hrang a awm bawk.

Histoplasmosis hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Dik tak chuan puitling 75% vel chu fungus `H. capsulatum` hi a awm fo tawh a, engtik lai pawhin he fungus hi an kai tawh a ni. Mahse, mi tam zawk chuan symptom engmah an nei lo.

He fungus hian kan taksaah eng nge a tih?

Ngaihtuah teh, he `H. capsulatum` fungus chu leivut nen a awm. Tichuan i lungah a kal nghal a. Chutah chuan he fungus hi kan thisen var chhungah a lut a, `mold` form atanga `yeast` form ah a inthlak a, chu chuan natna a kai thei a ni.

Mi tam zawkah chuan taksaa immune cells te hian fungus hi an tichhia emaw, ``granulomas`` an tih khuhna bik an siam emaw a, chu chuan fungus chu a hual vel a, taksa a tichhe lo. Chumi avang chuan symptom engmah kan nei lo.

Mahse, a chang chuan hei hi natna a lo ni thei a:

• Vawi khata fungus tam tak i inhnim chuan i immune system a buai hle a, flu ang chi natna a thlen thei a, thawk harsa a ti thei bawk.
• COPD ang chi lung natna i neih chuan he fungus hian i lung a tichhe chhunzawm thei a ni.
• I immune system a chak lo (e.g., HIV vei emaw, immunosuppressive drugs ei emaw) chuan he fungus hian i immune cells hmangin i taksa hmun dangah a darh thei a ni. Hei hian nunna atana hlauhawm harsatna a thlen thei a ni.

Histoplasmosis natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

Histoplasmosis natna lan chhuah dan chu:

• Khawsik
• Khuh
• Thawmhnaw hak
• Thâwk harsa (dyspnea) .
• A rilru a na
• Lu na (lu na) .
• Muscle na a na
• Ke hnuai lam (erythema nodosum) ah hian vun sen, hring dup (erythema nodosum) a awm thin.

Chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis vei te pawhin zan lama thawk hah leh taksa rihna tlahniam an nei thei bawk. Pawimawh tak chu H. capsulatum fungus hip chhuaktu zinga 90% vel chuan natna lan chhuahna an nei lo va, a nih loh leh natna lan chhuah dan chu anmahniin a reh thei lo.

Eng thilin nge he natna hi a thlen?

Hei hi a chhan chu ``Histoplasma capsulatum`` an tih fungus a ni. Kan sawi tawh ang khan he fungus awmna lei atanga mold spore kan inhnim avanga lo awm a ni. He fungus hi bat bawlhhlawh leh sava bawlhhlawh awmna leiah a thang lian hle. Khawvel hmun tam takah hmuh tur a awm a:

• America rama Ohio leh Mississippi lui ruam-ah te.
• Central leh South America-ah te.
• Africa ramah chuan.
• Asia ramah chuan.
• Australia ramah chuan.

Mi tam zawk chuan he fungus hi an thaw a\angin an na lo a, mahse mi thenkhat, a bik takin vawi khata fungus tam tak hip lut emaw, hriselna lama harsatna engemaw nei emaw te chuan symptoms an nei thei a ni.

Hemi atan hian tute nge risk sang zawk?

I hna emaw, i hobby emaw-ah hian he fungus tamna hmuna leivut i tiharh a nih chuan risk sang zawk i ni. Entirnan:

• Spelunking a ni.
• Lo neih.
• Vawk emaw sava dang emaw vulh.
• Building hlui tihchhiat, sak hna thawh. Kum tam tak chhunga hman tawh loh in hlui i tihfai lai hian, a chung lamah chuan rulhut a awm a, chu bawlhhlawh chu leivut nen a inhmeh a nih chuan han ngaihtuah teh? I thawk chhuah chuan risk a awm.

Tute nge histoplasmosis vei theihna chance sang zawk, acute emaw chronically emaw pawh nise?

• Immune system chak lo nei tan chuan. Hei hi a chhan ber chu HIV hrik kai leh immunosuppressive damdawi ei vang a ni.
• COPD emaw emphysema vei tan.
• Kum 55 chunglam leh naute kum 1 hnuai lam tan.

Histoplasmosis avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

Hemi atang hian harsatna lian tham engemaw zat a awm thei a:

• Scarring emaw, lungphu tihchhiatna dang emaw.
• Fibrosing mediastinitis - Hei hi lung inkar hmuna hliam (scarring) a ni.
• `Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome` (`Thawkna lama harsatna nasa tak - ARDS`) tih hi a ni.
• Central nervous system histoplasmosis - Fungus hi thluaka a darh chuan thluak na, lu na, buai, ngaihtuahna harsa, leh paralysis ang chi symptoms a awm thei.
• Ocular histoplasmosis - Fungus hi mit lamah a darh chuan mit a tichhe emaw, a bo emaw a ni thei.
• Taksa peng dang, thin, ril, ruhro, leh vun thlengin a darh thin.

He natna hi engtin nge i hriat chhuah?

Doctor chuan i thisen, i zun, i lung atanga chhuak, i ruhro, emaw, a natna tissue sample emaw chu a test thei a, natna chu a enfiah thei a ni. Heng sample te hi hetiang atan hian hman theih a ni:

• A culture pakhat chu fungus `H. capsulatum` tih a tum a ni. Hei hi histoplasmosis hriat theihna kawng tha ber a ni. Mahse, hei hian hun rei tak a daih thei a, kar engemaw zat thleng a daih thei. A nasat chuan i doctor chuan a result nghah ngai lovin a enkawl tan thei a ni.
• Yeast form `H kan zawng mek a ni. capsulatum` tih a ni.
• I taksaah H. capsulatum chhinchhiahna (antigens emaw antibodies) awm leh awm loh test i ni.

Hei bakah hian chest X-ray emaw CT scan emaw hmangin H. capsulatum vanga inthlak danglamna emaw chhiatna emaw an zawng thin. I doctor-in test chi hrang hrang a hman dan hi eng histoplasmosis nge i neih leh i symptoms nasat danah a innghat a ni.

Diagnostic test te hi engte nge ni?

X-ray leh CT scan bakah hian doctor chuan H. capsulatum chhinchhiahna zawng turin emaw, culture turin fluid emaw tissue sample emaw a la thei bawk. Heng sample te hi a hnuaia mi ang hian lak theih a ni:

• Urine emaw sputum test : Cup chhungah i zun (urine test) emaw, tube-ah i zun (sputum test) emaw.
• Thisen test a ni: Doctor chuan i kut atangin thisen tlem chu needle hmangin a la ang.
• Biopsy : Tissue sample chu incision te tak te hmangin emaw, needle hmangin emaw lak a ni. Bone marrow biopsy-ah chuan hip ruh chhung atangin sample lak a ni.
• Bronchoscopy : Doctor chuan i lung chhung chu tube te tak te, eng tak (bronchoscope) hmangin a en ang. Hetih lai hian bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) tih hi tih theih a ni. Hei hian i lung hmun te te chu tui hmanga "silfai" a, chu tui chu khawlkhawm a, lab-a test turin thawn a ni.

Histoplasmosis hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Histoplasmosis hi antifungal damdawi hmanga enkawl a ni a, a tul chuan. Symptoms na lo tak tak i neih a, rei tak a awm lo a, natna khirh tak i neih theihna chance sang tak i neih loh chuan i doctor chuan damdawi a pek nghal hmain rei vak lo nghah a tum mai thei.

Hei hi damdawi famkim a awm em?

Ni e, histoplasmosis hi immune system hrisel nei te tan antifungal damdawi hmangin tihdam theih a ni fo thin. I doctor chuan damdawi a pe thei a, chungte chu:

• `Itraconazole` tih a ni
• Amphotericin B (AmB) tih a ni.
• `Corticosteroids` (Hengte hi thil bik thenkhatah pek thin a ni a, chu chu a hring tihziaawmna atan) .

Enkawl loh chuan eng nge thleng ang?

I immune system a thawk tha a, underlying condition dang i neih loh chuan histoplasmosis hi a takin a bo thei tlangpui. Mahse, enkawl loh chuan a chang chuan taksa peng dangah a darh thei a, a bik takin i immune system a thawk tha lo a nih chuan. Lung natna hnuaia awmte tan pawh lung a tichhia thei bawk.

Histoplasmosis hi ven theih a ni em?

He fungus awmna hmuna awm i nih chuan hnim `H hi thawk lak loh a harsa hle thei. capsulatum` tih a ni. A pumpelh vek theih loh laiin, i risk tihtlem nan thil tlemte i tih theih a awm a:

• Lei leivut awmna hmun emaw, sava emaw, rulhut emaw awmna hmun chu pumpelh rawh.
• I hna emaw, i hobby emaw chuan H. capsulatum awmna leilung nena inzawm a ngai a nih chuan N95 mask vuah tur a ni. I thawk boruak chu eng emaw chen chu a filter ang.

Histoplasmosis ka vei chuan eng nge ka beisei theih ang?

Histoplasmosis i vei huna thil thleng chu a nasat dan leh a hnuaia natna dang i neih leh neih lohah a innghat a ni. Immune system hrisel leh symptoms na lo tak tak nei tan chuan i doctor chuan damdawi ei lovin "en leh nghah" a tum mai thei. I immune system a chak lo emaw, i na lutuk emaw a nih chuan kum khat tal antifungal damdawi i ei a ngai mai thei.

Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis natna vei tan chuan enkawlna hi kar 6-12 emaw a aia rei emaw a ni tlangpui. Chronic emaw severe case-ah chuan kum khat tal antifungal damdawi hman a ngai thei.

He natna hi damchhuah theihna chance engzat nge awm?

Immune system hrisel nei tam zawk (96%) chu enkawl a nih chuan histoplasmosis an dam leh thin. Mahse, zirchianna thenkhatah chuan immune system chak lo nei zingah thihna hi 25% leh 37% inkar a ni thei tih an sawi. Chuvangin immune system chak lo nei te hian a bik takin fimkhur a ngai hle.

Engtin nge ka in enkawl ang?

Immune system chak lo i neih chuan, emaw COPD emaw emphysema emaw i neih chuan histoplasmosis i vei theihna tur tihtlem nan hma dang i la tur a ni. H. capsulatum awmna hmuna i awm chuan i invenna atana fimkhurna bik i neih theih leh awm loh i doctor zawt rawh.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

I natna lan chhuah dan, khawsik, khuh leh thawk hah te kha kar khat chhungin a lo tha lo a nih chuan, a nih loh leh hun kal zelah a zual deuh a nih chuan Doctor pan rawh. I hna emaw, i hobby emaw avanga he fungus hi i kai tawh a nih chuan, emaw, he fungus awmna hmun i tlawh tawh a nih chuan doctor hnenah hrilh rawh.

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah ka kal ang ?

I immune system a chak lo a, infection symptoms i neih chuan doctor i biak emaw, emergency room-ah emaw i kal nghal tur a ni. Symptom na tak i neih chuan emergency room hnai ber pan la. Chutiang chhinchhiahnate chu:

• Khawsik sang (103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius aia sang) a ni.
• Thâwk harsa na tak emaw, rang tak emaw.
• A rilru a na.
• Thisen i khuh chuan.
• Disorientation emaw rilru lam inthlak danglamna dang emaw.
• Seizures a awm thin.
• Vun, hmui, kut zungtang blue rawng (`cyanosis` - hei hi thisena oxygen tlakchhamna chhinchhiahna a ni).

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

Doctor hnenah hetiang zawhnate zawh hi a \angkai thei ang:

• Histoplasmosis na tak ka vei theihna chance a sang zawk em?
• Histoplasmosis ka vei theihna tur tihtlem nan eng step bik nge ka tih ang?
• Eng symptom nge ka fimkhur tur?
• Engtikah nge emergency room-ah ka kal ang?

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Histoplasmosis hi fungal infection a ni a, i lung a tichhe thei a ni. He fungus hi a lo thang lian thamna hmuna i awm chuan pumpelh a harsa thei hle. Mahse case tam zawk hi chu a serious lo va, mahni chauha chinfel a ni.

Mahse, lung natna emaw, taksa hriselna chak lo emaw i neih chuan histoplasmosis avanga harsatna lian tham i neih theihna a sang zawk. Chuvangin, nang leh i doctor hian i hriselna venhimna tur ruahmanna siam a, symptoms eng pawh a awm chuan i fimkhur a pawimawh hle. Hlauthawng suh, awareness hi defense tha ber a ni!

` Histoplasmosis, fungal infection, lung natna, Histoplasma capsulatum, sava ek, bat ek, thawk harsa