Kua kite koe i tāu tamaiti—i a koe anō rānei—e noho pōturi ana ki ngā kupu, e whakahoki ana i tētahi reta kotahi, e totoro ana rānei i tētahi oro? I ētahi wā ka tīmata tēnei i te tamarikitanga, i ētahi wā ka puta ake i muri mai i te ao. I tēnei rā, ka kōrerohia e tātou te whanoke, e kiia ana e te hauora he mate kōrero matatau. Kia māia koe—he mate tino noa tēnei, ā, mā te huarahi tika me te tautoko, ka taea te whakahaere.
He aha tonu te Whakapōrearea?
He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko te whanoke he mate kōrero e whakararuraru ana i te rere me te manawataki o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, e pā kino ana ki tōna matatau tūturu. Ina whanoke koe, kāore e rere pai ngā kupu. Tērā pea ka whakahokia ngā oro, ka pāngia koe e ngā okiokinga i waenganui o ngā kupu, ka tūtaki rānei ki ētahi atu whakararuraru e whakararu ana i te manawataki tūturu o tō kōrero.
He maha ngā momo matua o te whanoke:
- Mate matatau o te tamaiti (Te whanoke o te whanaketanga): Koinei te momo tino noa. Ka puta mai i ngā rerekētanga ngawari o te whanaketanga o te roro o te tamaiti, ka waiho hei mate whanaketanga io . I te nuinga o te wā ka tīmata i waenga i te rua me te whitu tau te pakeke.
- Te whanoke tonu: E pā ana tēnei ki te whanoke whanaketanga e mau tonu ana mai i te tamarikitanga ki te pakeketanga.
- Te ngunguru i whiwhi: Ka puta tēnei momo nā ngā huringa o te roro i tētahi mate, i tētahi āhuatanga hauora, i tētahi whara rānei o te upoko, ā, muri iho ka tīmata whakarere te ngunguru.
Ko te whanoke he mate kōrero matatau, e taka ana ki roto i te wāhanga whānui o ngā arai kōrero.
Ko wai te mea tino pāngia e te hāhā?
Ka pāngia te tangata katoa e te hāhā. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau e whā ngā wā ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te hāhā o ngā tama i ngā kōtiro. Ka rerekē anō hoki te āhua me te pānga o te mate i te pakeketanga.
- Te Kōrero Pōturi o te Tamarikitanga: Tata tonu ka tīmata tēnei i te wā kōhungahunga. Ka taea te tīmata i te rua o ngā tau, engari kāore pea e puta tae noa ki te whitu o ngā tau. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tīmata i te toru o ngā tau, ā, tata ki te 95% o ngā tamariki ka whakaatu i ngā tohu i mua i te 4 o ō rātou tau.
- Te Kōrero Tuturu: Ahakoa e pā ana tēnei ki ngā pakeke, he maha tonu ngā wā ka puta mai i te tamarikitanga.
- Te Pōturitanga Whiwhi: Ka taea tēnei te puta i ngā tau katoa, i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te whara ohorere, te whiu, ngā mate rānei e pā ana ki te roro.
He Pēhea te Noa o te Mea?
Tata ki te 1% ki te 2.4% o ngā tamariki ka pāngia e te whanoke whanaketanga, arā, kotahi, e rua rānei i roto i te 100 tamariki ka pāngia e tēnei mate. He iti ake te kitea o te whanoke tonu i te pakeketanga, e pā ana ki te 0.3% ki te 1% o ngā pakeke. He iti tonu ngā rangahau mō te auau tuturu o te whanoke kua riro mai.
He aha ngā tohu o te whanoke?
Ko te kōrero me whakapau kaha te mahi tahi a ngā uaua o te mata, te waha, te korokoro, te uma, me te puku. Mō te tangata e kīkī ana, ka whakararuraruhia tēnei mahi tahi e ngā nekehanga koretake, e ngā uaua rānei o te pūnaha kōrero.
Hei tautuhi i te whanoke, ka rapu te tākuta i tētahi o ngā tohu matua e whitu e whai ake nei:
- Te tāruarua o ngā oro, o ngā kupu rānei: He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei i te tīmatanga o te kupu. Hei tauira, te kī "aaa-apple" hei utu mō te "apple." Ka tāruaruatia e te tangata te oro , te kupu rānei, kia taea rā anō e ia te whakaputa i te kupu katoa.
- Te whakaroa i ngā oro, i ngā kupu rānei: Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te piri ki tētahi oro motuhake, me te whakaroa i taua oro kia roa atu i te wā e tika ana, pērā i te kī "ssssschool".
- Te okioki i waenganui o te kupu: Te pāngia e tētahi okiokinga koretake, roa rānei i roto i tētahi kupu kotahi.
- Te Ārai: He maha ngā wā ka noho puku, ka whakakī rānei i ngā okiokinga ki ngā oro pēnei i te "um" me te "uh" rānei. Ka kiia tēnei ko te ārai nā te mea e ahua ana kei te āraia ngā kupu kei puta mai.
- Te whakawhiti kupu (circumlocution): Te whakawhiti i tētahi kupu, i tētahi rerenga kōrero uaua rānei ki tētahi atu hei karo i te kōrero pēpepe.
- Te whakanui rawa i ngā kupu: Te tāpiri i te taumahatanga rerekē ki tētahi kupu motuhake, ki te kupu katoa rānei.
- Te whakahua i ngā kupu katoa kotahi-wāhanga: Te whakahua i ngā kupu poto kotahi-wāhanga pēnei i te "Au," "āe," "ia" rānei.
Ētahi atu Tohu me ngā Whēkau e Pā Ana ki te Kōrero
Tērā pea ka pāngia te hunga e pōturi ana e ēnei āhuatanga:
- Te waipuke o te uaua: Ka taea e te taumahatanga o te uaua mai i te kōrero pōturi te "horo" ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana, ka puta he nekehanga koretake i te mata, te kaki, ngā pakihiwi, ngā ringaringa rānei.
- Ngā whanonga tuarua, ngā tic rānei: Ka whanake pea ngā whanonga ā-tinana o te tangata ina ngana ana ki te whakakore i te hāhā, pērā i te kimo tere, te tahuri ke atu, te menemene kanohi, te kōpiri rānei i ō rātou ringa.
- Te pānga o te āhua o te kare ā-roto ki ngā tohu: Ka kino haere ngā tohu o te orooro ina ngenge koe, ina harikoa, ina manukanuka, ina tino ahotea rānei. Ka uaua ake hoki te kōrero mō ngā kaupapa hou, ngā kaupapa uaua rānei. I tetahi atu taha, mā te noho marino me te noho marino ka tino whakaiti i ngā tohu.
- Te korenga o te ngunguru i te wā e mahi ana i ētahi mahi reo: He mea whakamīharo, he maha ngā wā ka ngaro te ngunguru i te wā e mahi ana i ētahi mahi, pērā i te kōrero ki ngā mōkai, te pānui reo nui, te waiata rānei.
- Ngā wero hauora hinengaro e pā ana: Ka taea e te kōrero pōturi te arahi ki ngā kare ā-roto o te pouri, te whakama , me te whakama. Nō reira, he nui ake te tūponotanga o te hunga kōrero pōturi ki te whakawhanake i te manukanuka, te pouri rānei.
He aha te take o te haukū?
Ahakoa kāore anō kia tino mārama ngā tohunga ki te tino take o te whati o te oro, he maha ngā āhuatanga kua tautuhia:
- Hītori whānau : Mena he whanaunga tuatahi tōu (pērā i te mātua, teina rānei) e kīkī ana, e toru ngā wā ka nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te pāngia e te mate.
- Ngā āhuatanga ira : E whakaponohia ana ko ngā whakarerekētanga motuhake o ō tātou ira ( DNA ) he mea nui ki te kōrero pōturi. Ka pāngia hoki e ngā ira te korenga o te kōrero pōturi a te tamaiti i roto i te wā, te mau tonu rānei tae noa ki te pakeketanga.
- Ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga o te roro: Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he rerekētanga hanganga me te mahi o te roro o te hunga whanoke, inā koa i ngā wāhi e kawenga ana mō te whakaputa kōrero me te taunga nekehanga.
Me pēhea te tātaritanga o te whanoke?
Hei tautuhi i te whanoke, ka tīmata te tohunga hauora mā te whakarongo pai ki te āhua o tō kōrero hei tautuhi i ngā tohu motuhake. Ka pātai atu hoki rātou mō tō hītori hauora (o tō tamaiti rānei), te wā i tīmata ai ngā tohu, me ngā āhuatanga e puta ai aua tohu.
Ki te mea ka kīkī te tamaiti, ko te tākuta tamariki te tuatahi ki te kite, ki te tautuhi rānei i tōna āhua, i te wā e tirotirohia ana ia e te rata, i te wā rānei e whakaarahia ana e koe ōna āwangawanga mō āna tauira kōrero.
Ko te nuinga o ngā pakeke e pāngia ana e te kōrero pōturi tonu i kitea i te tamarikitanga, ahakoa ko ētahi kāore i kitea he raruraru ki te kōrero mai i te tamarikitanga.
Kāore e hiahiatia he whakamātautau hauora motuhake hei tautuhi i te whanaketanga o te kōrero haukoti, te kōrero haukoti tonu rānei.
Te Tātaritanga i te Kōrero Whakaroa
Ki te tīmata ohorere te kōrero pōturi a te pakeke, kāore hoki he hītori o ngā raruraru kōrero, he mea nui kia tirohia he aromatawai hauora hōhonu. I ētahi wā, he tohu pea tēnei mō te **aphasia**, mō ētahi atu raruraru pūnaha io rānei. Ko ngā tino take o te kōrero pōturi ko ngā **whara roro (TBI)**, ngā **whiu**, me ngā **pukupuku roro**.
I ēnei take, ko ngā whakamātautau whakaahua tātaritanga ka uru atu ki:
- Ngā matawai CT (Tomography Rorohiko)
- Ngā matawai MRI ( Whakaahua Āhua Aukume )
- Ngā matawai PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Me pēhea te rongoā mō te whanoke?
Ko te rongoā matua me te rongoā tino whai hua mō ngā momo kōrero pōturi katoa ko te **whakaora kōrero**. Mō ngā tamariki nohinohi, ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakaora ngā mahi whakahihiri, e tika ana mō te pakeke hei āwhina i te whakaiti me te whakatau i ngā tohumate. Ko ngā mahi whakakori tinana, ngā tikanga, me te auau/roa o ngā wā whakaora e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo kōrero pōturi, ngā tohumate, me tōna kaha.
Kāore ngā rongoā e whakamahia tika ana hei rongoā i te hāhā. Heoi, ki te mea kei te kino haere te hāhā, kei te pāngia rānei te oranga o te tūroro e te manukanuka, te pouri, te ahotea nui rānei, ka tohua pea e ngā tākuta he **rongoā ārai pouri** he **rongoā ārai manukanuka** rānei hei whakahaere i ēnei āhuatanga hauora hinengaro.
Ngā Mōrearea Pea me ngā Pānga Taha o te Maimoatanga
Ko ngā raruraru pea, ngā pānga taha rānei o ngā maimoatanga mō te whanoke, ka whakawhirinaki ki te tikanga e whakamahia ana. He tino haumaru te whakaora kōrero, ā, kāore he mōrearea hauora, he pānga taha rānei. Mena ka tohua he rongoā, ka pā mai pea he pānga taha ngawari, ahakoa he onge ngā raruraru nui.
Ka taea e tō tākuta, e tō kaiwhakaora hinengaro rānei te tuku tohutohu taipitopito mō ngā mea hei tumanakohia, me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā pānga taha ka pā mai, me pēhea hoki te whakanui ake i ngā painga o te maimoatanga.
Ka taea te ārai i te hāhā?
Ko te momo whewhe anake ka taea te ārai ko te whewhe kua whiwhihia. Ko te huarahi pai ki te ārai ko te mahi i ngā mahi hei tiaki i te hauora o tō roro—pērā i te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whiu, te mau potae me ngā taputapu tiaki hei ārai i ngā whara roro (TBI), me te whakahaere i te hauora o te ngakau.
He aha te Tirohanga mō te Wā Roa?
Kāore te whanoke e kino ki te tinana, ā, ka ora te nuinga o te tangata i taua mate. Mā te wawaotanga wawe, inā koa te whakaora kōrero, ka tere ake te ora.
Heoi, ka pā kino ki te hauora hinengaro. Tata ki te 40% o ngā taiohi (12 ki te 17 tau te pakeke) e kōrero pōturi ana ka pāngia e te manukanuka, e te pouri rānei.
E rua ngā wā ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā pakeke e kīkī ana ki te pāngia e ngā mate hinengaro, ā, e toru ngā wā ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te whakawhanake i ngā mate hinengaro. Ko te tautuhi me te rongoā i ēnei āwangawanga hauora hinengaro he wāhanga nui o te whakahaere angitu i te kīkī.
Kia pēhea te roa o te whanoke?
Tae atu ki te 90% o ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e te whanoke whanaketanga ka ora ake i te 18 tau te pakeke. Kia tino ora ake, kāore te whanoke e hoki mai anō mēnā kāore i puta mai i muri mai i tētahi atu mate pūnaha io (whanoke kua riro mai).
He iti ake te kitea o te hāhā tonu ki te pakeketanga, engari he mate mō te wā roa. Ahakoa rā, ka taea e te rongoā whai hua te āwhina i ngā pakeke ki te whakahaere i tō rātou matatau ki te kōrero me te kōrero me te māia.
Ka taea e te whanoke te noho rangitahi, te noho pumau rānei, i runga i te take matua. Mena he kino nui, he pumau te roro i puta mai ai, ka taea hoki e te whanoke te noho pumau. Ka taea e tō tākuta te āwhina ki te whakatau i te āhua o te mate i runga i tō āhua hauora takitahi.
Te Manaaki i a Koe Anō me te Tautoko i tāu Tamaiti
Ki te whakaatu tāu tamaiti i ngā tohu o te whanoke whanaketanga, he pai ake te toro atu ki tā rātou tākuta tamariki. Mā te kitenga wawe me te wawaotanga ka tino whakapai ake i ā rātou pūkenga kōrero, ā, ka āwhina i a rātou ki te whakatere i ngā kare ā-roto o te whakama me te whakama.
Mena he pakeke koe e mau tonu ana te haukoti, he tino whai hua tonu te whakaora kōrero. Ka taea e ia te whakarato i ngā taputapu whai hua hei whakahaere i te mate me te hanga i te maia ki te kōrero.
Te Whakatipu i te Hauora Hinengaro
He mea nui te whakatairanga i te hauora hinengaro ina noho tahi ana me te reo whanoke. Mā te kōrero ki tētahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro, ki tētahi tohunga hinengaro, ki tētahi kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro whai raihana rānei ka āwhina i a koe, i tāu tamaiti rānei ki te whakahaere i te manukanuka, te mataku pāpori, te pouri rānei.
He mea tino nui te tiaki i te hauora hinengaro o te tamaiti, nā te mea ka tūpono pea rātou ki te whakatoi, ki te tukino rānei mai i ō rātou hoa. Mā te aro wawe ki ēnei wheako ka ārai i te piki haere o ngā pānga o te manukanuka me te pouri ki tō rātou whakaaro ki a rātou anō.
Kia maumahara, ehara i te mea nāu te he o te kōrero pōturi, ehara hoki i te he o tāu tamaiti. He mate hauora tēnei, ā, kāore he mea e whakama ai koe.
Āhea koe me toro atu ki tētahi tākuta?
Mena kei te raru koe, tāu tamaiti rānei i te kōrero pōturi, rapua he tohutohu mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato tiaki tuatahi, i tētahi tākuta tamariki rānei. Mō ngā tamariki, he mea nui te aroturuki auau, ahakoa he maha ka mutu te hiahia mō ngā tirotiro hauora.
Āhea me rapu awhina hauora ohorere
Ko te whanoke e puta ohorere ana—ina koa me ētahi atu tohu pēnei i te ngoikore, te pōhēhē, te uaua rānei ki te kōrero—he tohu pea tēnei nō te whiu, te whara roro rānei. Waea atu ki ngā ratonga hauora ohorere (pēnei i te 911) me te haere rānei ki te tari ohorere tata tonu atu i ēnei wā. Mena ka puta mārire te whanoke, whakaritea he wā hui ki te tākuta, nā te mea he tohu pea tēnei nō te mate pūnaha io.
He tohu manukanuka te hāhā?
Kāo, ehara te kōrero pōturi i te momo manukanuka. He mate hauora motuhake ēnei. Heoi, he hononga tata, e rua ngā taha: ka taea e te kōrero pōturi te whakaoho, te whakanui rānei i te manukanuka pāpori, ā, ka taea e te manukanuka, te ahotea rānei te whakanui ake i te kōrero pōturi.
Ka taea te rongoā i te hāhā?
Ahakoa kāore he rongoā kotahi, he "rongoa" tere rānei mō te kōrero pōturi, he tino taea te whakaora. Mā te whakaora kōrero me ētahi atu wawaotanga e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga ka āwhina i te nuinga o ngā tamariki ki te wikitoria i te mate.
Me pēhea taku āwhina i taku tamaiti e kīkī ana?
Mena ka whati te reo o tāu tamaiti, he maha ngā huarahi whai hua hei tautoko i a ia:
- Whakatauirahia te kōrero puhoi, marino: Kōrero āta, mārire hoki koe. Mā tēnei ka whakatakoto i te tere māori, ngāwari hoki kia taea ai e tāu tamaiti te whai i te kōrero, me te kore e pēhia.
- Kaua rawa e whiu, e whakahe rānei i a rātou mō te kōrero hāhā: Mā te whiu, te kukume rānei i te aro kino ki tā rātou kōrero ka nui ake tō rātou manukanuka, ka kino ake te hāhā.
- Whakarongo mārie: Kia mōhio tō tamaiti kei a koe tō aro katoa. Kaua e hohoro te whakautu ina mutu tana kōrero. Ngāna kia heke iho ki te taumata o ōna kanohi, kia mau tonu te titiro pai ki ōna kanohi.
- Kaua e whakaroa, kaua hoki e whakaoti i ā rātou rerenga kōrero: Arotahi ki ngā kōrero a tāu tamaiti, kaua ki te āhua o tā rātou kōrero. Āraia te hiahia ki te whakaoti i ā rātou rerenga kōrero, me te tuku tohutohu tonu rānei mō te āhua o te kōrero.
- Hangaia tōna whakaaro nui ki a ia anō: Whakamoemitihia tāu tamaiti mō ngā mea pai āna e mahi ana, kāore e pā ana ki te kōrero. Whakamihihia ōna pūkenga, tōna auahatanga, me tōna atawhai hei hanga i te whakaaro nui ki a ia anō.
- Whakapaua he wā kounga, kāore he mata: Whakatapua he wā arotahi, he wā kore-whakakore ki tāu tamaiti. Ka poipoi tēnei i te haumaru kare ā-roto, ā, ka tautoko i tōna oranga hinengaro whānui.
- Whakakorehia te whakahihi o te tangai: Me whakamōhio ki tāu tamaiti he pai ki te kōrero mō tā rātou tangai. Mā te kōrero i ngā kare ā-roto o te pouri, o te whakama rānei ka taea te whakamama i ngā kare ā-roto kino e pā ana ki taua tangai.
- Whakaratohia he whakamanawa mutunga kore:Whakamanahia tō tamaiti kei te tautoko koe i a ia ahakoa te aha, ā, kia mōhio ia kāore he pānga o tana reo hāhā ki tōna mana tangata.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te whanoke me te whanoke?
I ngā wā o mua, ko te kupu "whakakōkī" me te kupu "whakakōkī" he momo rerekē o te whakakorenga kōrero, ahakoa he whanaunga tata:
- Te Kōrero Poto: Te whakahoki tere i tētahi oro, i tētahi kupu, i tētahi kupu kotahi-kupu rānei (hei tauira, "E hiahia ana ahau").
- Te Whakaroa: He maha ngā wā whakamutu, he aukati, he āputa rānei i te rere o te kōrero (hei tauira, "E hiahia ana ahau ... ki te haere ... ki te kura").
Nā te mea ko te nuinga o te hunga he uaua ki te matatau ki te reo e whakaatu ana i ngā whanonga e rua, ka whakamahia ngātahitia ēnei kupu i ēnei rā. I roto i ngā horopaki hauora hou me ngā horopaki o ia rā, ko te "whakapūpū" (he mea noa ake i te US) me te "whakapūpū" (he mea noa ake i te UK) e pā ana ki te mate kotahi tonu.
Tō Karere Kawe-ā-Kāinga
He mea whakarihariha, he mea motuhake hoki te whakatau i te hūpē o te reo ahakoa te pakeke, ā, he mea tūturu te pāngia e te manukanuka, te whakama rānei. Engari kia maumahara tonu: he mate hauora koiora te hūpē, ehara i te hapa whaiaro, ā, ehara i te mea hei whakama.
He tini ngā tāngata—tae atu ki ngā kaiārahi o te ao, ngā kaiwhakaari toa, me ngā kaitākaro tino pai—kua noho tahi me te reo hāhā, ā, kua eke ki te angitu whakamiharo. Mā te whakaora kōrero me te tautoko hanganga, ka taea e koe, e tāu tamaiti rānei te kimi i tō manawataki tūturu me te kōrero me te tino māia. Ki te whakapae koe kei te raru koe, tāu tamaiti rānei i te reo hāhā, kaua e mangere ki te whakapā atu ki tētahi tohunga hauora, ki tētahi tohunga mate reo kōrero rānei. He mea nui tō reo, ā, kei te wātea tonu te tautoko.
