He aha te toto? (Toto) Me kōrero māmā noa iho tēnei!

Kua pāngia koe e tētahi patunga iti, ā, kua kite koe i tētahi, i ētahi pata rānei o te toto whero e turuturu ana mai i roto? Tērā pea nā te mea ka tapahia tō ringa ki tētahi pepa. E mōhio ana tātou katoa he mea whero te toto. Engari, he aha rawa tēnei toto? He aha te mahi a tēnei toto ki ō tātou tinana? Koinei tā tātou e kōrero ai i tēnei rā, he kōrero noa iho ki tētahi hoa.

He aha te toto, ā, he aha tōna hiranga ki a tātou?

He mea nui te toto mō tō tātou oranga. He rite ki te penehīni mō te motuka, he toto mō tō tātou tinana. Ko tēnei toto te kawe i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e ia wāhanga iti o tō tātou tinana, arā, ia pūtau me ia kiko, hei mahi. Whakaarohia he rite ki tētahi ratonga taraka e tuku taonga ana puta noa i te tāone.

• Kawe i te hāora: Ina manawa tātou, ka haria te hāora e tomo ana ki roto i ō tātou pukahukahu e te toto ki ngā pūtau puta noa i te tinana. Ki te kore tēnei hāora, e kore e ora ō tātou pūtau.
• Ka whakarato i te kai totika: Ko ngā matūkai , pērā i te hukahuka, ka nakunakuhia, ka mimitihia mai i te kai e kainga ana e tātou, ka tohatohahia puta noa i te tinana mā te toto. Koinei ngā mea e homai ana he pūngao ki ō tātou pūtau.
• Te tango i ngā para: Ka haria e te toto ngā para ( pērā i te hauhā waro) i hangaia e ō tātou pūtau ki ngā pukahukahu, ki reira ka tukuna atu e tātou. Ka āwhina hoki te toto ki te tango i ētahi atu para mai i te tinana mā roto i ngā whekau pērā i ngā whatukuhu me te ate.
• Ārai i ngā mate: He pūtau motuhake kei roto i te toto e whawhai ana ki ngā iroriki, pērā i te huakita me ngā huaketo, e uru mai ana ki roto i ō tātou tinana, e tiaki ana i a tātou mai i ngā mate urutā . He rite ki te ope taua tiaki i roto i ō tātou tinana.
• Ka haria ngā karere e ngā homoni: He karere matū ngā homoni e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi katoa o te tinana. Ka haria ēnei homoni mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi i roto i te toto.
• Whakahaere i te pāmahana o te tinana: Ka āwhina hoki te toto ki te pupuri i te pāmahana o te tinana .
• Ka mutu te toto ina whara: Ka taea hoki e te toto te whakahaere i te toto mā te aukati i te toto nui mai i tētahi patunga iti, mā te mea ka totoka te toto (ka totoka) .

Titiro mai, ehara te toto i te wai whero noa iho. He matū tino matatini, he mea whakamiharo e tautoko ana i te ora o ō tātou tinana!

He aha te mea i hangaia ai te toto?

Kia tirohia tātou he aha ngā momo mea e hanga ana i tēnei matū whakamiharo, arā, te toto. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te toto.

1. Plasma - Koinei te wāhanga wai.

2. Ngā pūtau toto - Koinei ngā momo pūtau e mānu ana i roto i te parāuma.

He aha te Plasma?

Whakaarohia, mēnā he rite te toto ki te huamata hua, kātahi te plasmaHe rite ki te tirikara e mānu ana i ngā hua i roto i taua huamata. Engari he wai kōwhai tēnei. E 55% noa iho o ō tātou toto he plasma .

Ko te wai te nuinga o te mea hanga i roto i te parama. Engari ehara i te mea ko te wai anake, engari he maha atu anō ngā mea nui kei roto:

• Ngā Pūmua: He maha ngā momo pūmua, pērā i te albumin, te globulin, me te fibrinogen. Ka āwhina ēnei ki te whakahaere i te toto toto, te whakaputa paturopi hei ārai i ngā mate, me te āwhina i te toto kia totoka.
• Ngā Matūkai: Ko ngā mea pēnei i te kūhuka, ngā waikawa amino, ngā huaora, me ngā waikawa ngako i kōrerotia i mua ake nei ka haria ki ngā pūtau mā te toto toto.
• Ngā homoni: Ka haereere hoki ngā homoni e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi maha o roto i tō tātou tinana ka rewa i roto i tēnei toto.
• Ngā irahiko: Ngā tote pēnei i te konutai, te pāhare pāporo, me te konupūmā. He mea nui ēnei mō te mahi a te pūnaha io me te mahi a te uaua.
• Para: Ko ngā hua para pēnei i te urea e tukuna ana mai i ngā pūtau ka haria hoki ki ngā whatukuhu e te plasma.

Nō reira, ehara te toto i te wai noa iho, engari he wāhanga nui o te pūnaha kawe o te tinana, te whakarato kai, te whakakore para, me te pūnaha parepare.

He aha ngā momo pūtau toto?

Nā, me kōrero tātou mō ngā pūtau toto e mānu ana i roto i te wai e kiia nei ko te plasma. E toru ngā momo matua o ēnei pūtau toto. He mahi motuhake tā ia momo.

1. Ngā Pūtau Toto Whero / Ngā Erythrocytes - Ngā pūtau e whakaora ana i ō tātou tinana!

Koinei te momo pūtau tino nui i roto i ō tātou toto. Hei whakamārama, ko ēnei pūtau toto whero te mea e homai ana te tae whero ki te toto. He tino iti ēnei pūtau, he kōpae piko rua. Whakaarohia he rite ki te tōnati iti, engari kaua he kōhao i waenganui, he āputaputa kei waenganui.

• Te mahi matua: Mā te pūmua motuhake e kīia nei ko te "Hemoglobin" i roto i ngā toto whero ka taea e ēnei pūtau te kawe i te hāora . Ka herea te hāora e tangohia ana e tātou mai i ngā pukahukahu ki te hemoglobin, ā, ka haria e ngā toto whero ki ngā pūtau katoa o te tinana. Ka āwhina hoki rātou ki te whakahoki i ētahi o te hauhā waro i hangaia i roto i ngā pūtau ki ngā pukahukahu.
• Te Roanga Ora: E 120 ngā rā e ora ai te toto whero kotahi. Whai muri i tēnā, ka whakangaromia i roto i te ate me te whēkau, ā, ka puta mai he pūtau hou.
• Kei hea rātou e hangaia ai?: Ka hangaia ngā pūtau toto whero i te wāhi e kiia nei ko te hinu wheua i roto i ō tātou wheua nunui.
• Ngā raruraru: Ki te heke te maha o ngā toto whero, ki te heke rānei te nui o te hemoglobin, kāore e nui te hāora e whiwhi ana tō tātou tinana. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga ko te "Anemia" . Kātahi ka puta ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge, te mā, me te uaua ki te manawa.

2. Ngā Pūtau Toto Mā / Ngā Pūtau Leukocyte - Ngā hōia tiaki o te tinana!

Ko ngā toto mā ngā hōia matua o te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tātou tinana . He nui ake rātou i ngā toto whero, engari he iti iho tō rātou tau i roto i te toto i tō ngā toto whero.

• Te mahi matua: Ko te mahi matua o ēnei pūtau he whawhai me te whakangaro i ngā iroriki (huakita, huaketo, harore, pirinoa) e uru mai ana ki roto i tō tātou tinana, me te tiaki i a tātou mai i te mate . Ka āwhina hoki rātou ki te tautuhi me te whakangaro i ngā pūtau rerekē, pērā i ngā pūtau matepukupuku.
• Ngā momo rerekē: Ehara i te mea kotahi anake te momo toto mā. Pērā i ngā momo hōia rerekē i roto i te ope taua, he maha ngā momo toto mā. He mahi motuhake tā ia momo:
• Ngā pūtau toto mā: Koinei te momo pūtau toto mā tino nui. Ko tā rātou mahi matua he whawhai ki ngā mate kitakita.
• Ngā pūtau toto: E rua ngā momo pūtau toto, ko ngā pūtau-B me ngā pūtau-T. Ka whakaputahia e ngā pūtau-B he paturopi . He pūmua motuhake ēnei paturopi e āwhina ana ki te kite me te whakaeke i ngā iroriki. Ka whakangaromia tikatia e ngā pūtau-T ngā pūtau kua pangia, ā, ka whakahaere i ētahi atu pūtau ārai mate.
• Ngā monocyte: Koinei ngā pūtau toto ma nui rawa atu. Ina neke atu rātou i te toto ki roto i ngā kiko, ka huri hei pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā macrophages, e "horomia" ana, e horoi ana hoki i ngā iroriki, i ngā pūtau mate, me ētahi atu para.
• Ngā Eosinophil: Ko te nuinga o ēnei ka whawhai ki ngā mate pirinoa. Ka kitea hoki i roto i ngā mate pāwera.
• Ngā Basophil: Koinei te momo toto ma iti rawa. Ka tukuna e rātou ngā matū pēnei i te histamine i te wā o ngā mate pāwera.
• Kei hea ēnei e hangaia ai?: Ko te nuinga o ēnei pūtau toto mā ka hangaia i roto i te hinu wheua. Ko ētahi momo, pērā i ngā lymphocytes, ka whanake hoki i ngā wāhi pērā i ngā pona lymph.
• Ngā Raru: Ko te nui rawa, te iti rawa rānei o ngā pūtau toto mā he tohu pea mō ngā momo mate. Hei tauira, ka taea e te mate te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā pūtau toto mā. Ko te mate pukupuku toto toto he mate pukupuku o ngā pūtau toto mā.

3. Ngā Pereti / Ngā Pūtau Toto - Ngā toa ririki e mutu ai te toto!

Ehara ngā pereti toto i te pūtau katoa. He kongakonga pūtau tino iti e pakaru ana i ngā pūtau nunui e kiia nei ko ngā megakaryocytes i roto i te hinu wheua. Kāore he karihi o roto.

• Te mahi matua: Mēnā ka pā he patunga ki tētahi wāhi o tō tātou tinana, ā, ka whati te uaua toto, ka āwhina i te aukati i te toto.Koinei te mahi matua a ēnei pereti toto. Ka tae atu rātou ki te wāhi i whara ai, ka piri tahi hei hanga i tētahi "mono" piri. Kātahi ka honoa ki tētahi pūmua e kiia nei ko te fibrinogen i roto i te toto toto hei hanga i tētahi toto totoka, ka mutu katoa te toto.
• Kei hea ēnei e hangaia ai?: Ka hangaia hoki ēnei i roto i te hinu wheua.
• Ngā raruraru: Ki te heke te maha o ngā pereti toto (e kiia ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te 'Thrombocytopenia'), ka taea te whakaroa i te toto toto. Kātahi, ahakoa he patunga iti, ka uaua te aukati i te toto, ā, ka ngawari te maru o te kiri. Kua rongo pea koe ka heke te maha o ngā pereti toto i roto i ngā mate pēnei i te dengue. Waihoki, ko te pikinga rerekē o te maha o ngā pereti toto, ko tā rātou mahi rerekē rānei, ka arahi ki te hanganga o ngā toto toto koretake ('Thrombosis').

Kua mārama pea koe ehara te toto i te wai whero noa iho, engari he maha ngā mea uaua me ngā mea whakamiharo e tupu ana i roto.

He aha i whero ai te toto?

He raruraru tēnei e pā ana ki te tini tāngata. E ai ki tā tātou i kōrero ai, he whero te toto nā te pūmua e kiia nei ko te hemoglobin i roto i ngā toto whero . Kei roto i tēnei hemoglobin te rino. Ina herea te hemoglobin ki te hāora (oxyhemoglobin), ka huri hei whero pouri. Koinei te mea e kitea ana i roto i te toto i roto i ngā uaua. Ko te toto i roto i ngā uaua, he iti ake te hāora (deoxyhemoglobin), ka huri hei whero pouri ake, he papura. Heoi, he kikorangi, he kakariki rānei te toto o ētahi kararehe, nā te mea he rerekē ngā matū o roto i ō rātou toto e kawe ana i te hāora. He whero ō tātou toto nā te hemoglobin!

He rite tonu te momo toto o tātou katoa? Me ako tātou mō ngā momo toto.

Kua rongo pea koe i ngā kōrero pēnei i te "Ko taku momo toto he B pai" me te "Me whai toto O kino te rā." Ko te tikanga, ehara i te mea he rite tonu ngā toto o te katoa. Tērā tetahi mea e kiia nei ko ngā 'rōpū toto' .

Ka whakatauhia ēnei momo toto e ngā pūmua motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā 'Antigens' kei runga i te mata o ngā toto toto whero. Ko ngā pūnaha momo toto matua e rua ko:

1. Pūnaha ABO: Nō reira, e whā ngā momo toto: A, B, AB, me te O.

2. Pūnaha Rh: Nō reira, e rua ngā momo: Rh pai (kei a ia te take Rh) me Rh kino (kāore i a ia te take Rh).

Ko te tikanga ka karangatia he momo toto mā te whakakotahi i ngā pūnaha ABO me Rh (hei tauira, A pai, O kino).

He aha te hiranga o ēnei momo toto?

Ko te mea nui rawa atu, i roto i te whakawhiti toto , arā, i te wā e hoatu ana te toto ki tētahi tangata, me hoatu e koe he momo toto ōrite. Ki te hoatu e koe he momo toto kāore e ōrite, ka puta he tauhohenga kino ('Tauhohenga Whakawhiti') i roto i te tinana o te tangata e whiwhi ana i te toto, ā, ka taea hoki te whakararu i te ora. Koia te take, ahakoa e tuku toto ana, e whiwhi toto ana rānei, kia mōhiotia tika, kia ōrite hoki te momo toto.

He aha tā tātou e taea ai te pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou toto?

He mea tino nui te pupuri i te hauora o te toto, he mea nui tēnei ki ō tātou tinana. Anei ētahi mea ngāwari hei āwhina:

• He kai taurite: Me kai koe i ngā kai he nui te rino (ngā rau matomato, te mīti whero, ngā pīni), te waikawa folic, me te huaora B12 (he mea nui ēnei mō te hanganga o ngā toto whero). Kia mahara ki te whakauru i ngā huawhenua me ngā hua hou ki roto i tō kai.
• Inumia he wai nui: Ko te toto he wai (plasma). Nō reira, he mea nui kia āraihia te matewai i roto i te tinana kia ora ai te toto.
• Whakakorikori tinana i ngā wā katoa: Mā te whakakorikori tinana ka pai ake te tere o te ngakau me te rere o te toto.
• Āta karohia te momi hikareti me te inu nui i te waipiro: He kino ēnei whanonga ki te toto me te hauora whānui.
• Ngā tirotiro hauora auau: Mā ngā whakamātautau auau pēnei i te tatau toto katoa (FBC) ka āwhina i te kite wawe i ngā raruraru toto.

Kia maumahara, ko te oranga hauora te kī pai rawa atu ki te pūnaha toto hauora!

Whakarāpopototanga: Ngā mea hei maumahara

Āe, i kōrero nui tātou mō te toto i tēnei rā, kāore?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, he matū ora te toto e kawe ana i te hāora me ngā matūkai ki ia pūtau o te tinana, e tango ana i ngā para , e tiaki ana i a tātou i ngā mate , ā, he maha atu anō ngā mahi nui e mahia ana e ia.

He mea hanga te toto i ngā pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā 'Pūtau Toto Whero' , 'Pūtau Toto Mā' , me ngā 'Platelet', e mānu ana i roto i te wai e kiia nei ko te 'Plasma' . He mahi motuhake tā ia o ēnei pūtau.

He mea tino nui te pupuri i ngā tikanga kai pai, te whakakori tinana, me te karo i ngā tikanga kino hei pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou toto.

Mena he pātai, he āwangawanga rānei āu mō ō toto, kaua e mangere ki te toro atu ki te tākuta. Ko te mōhio ki tō tinana te huarahi pai ki te ora hauora.

Kei te mārama koe? Ko tāku tumanako kua mārama ake koe ki tēnei wai whero rerekē e rere ana i roto i tō tinana!

Toto , Plasma, Ngā Pūtau Toto Whero, Ngā Pūtau Toto Mā, Ngā Peretā, Te Hemoglobin, Ngā Rōpū Toto