Monga kholo la mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), mungakhale ndi nkhawa pang'ono komanso kukayikira kuyambitsa mwana wanu kumwa mankhwala. Zimenezo n'zachibadwa. Tikudziwa momwe mankhwalawa angathandizire mwana wanu pa ntchito ya kusukulu, zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku , komanso moyo wapakhomo. Koma monga mankhwala ena onse, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina. Chofunika ndikudziwa bwino za iwo, kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, ndikukonzekera kukambirana chilichonse ndi dokotala wanu.
Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala atsopano kwa mwana wanu, kapena kusintha mtundu kapena mlingo wa mankhwala, ndi bwino kulemba zomwe mwana wanu amachita nthawi zonse (kudya, kugona, ndi khalidwe). Izi zikuthandizani kuzindikira kusintha kulikonse mutayamba kumwa mankhwala, ndipo ngati kumachitika chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake, zidzakhala zosavuta kuzizindikira. Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazing'ono m'masiku oyambirira. Zingatenge masiku kapena milungu ingapo kuti thupi la mwana wanu lizolowere mankhwala atsopano.
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka
Izi ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri komanso osati zoopsa kwambiri. Komabe, ngati izi zikupangitsabe mwana wanu kusasangalala, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
Kuvuta kugona
Mankhwala ofala kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ADHD ndi olimbikitsa . Mankhwalawa amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala muubongo otchedwa dopamine ndi norepinephrine. Mphamvu yolimbikitsa imeneyi ingapangitse kuti mwana asamagone usiku, makamaka pamene mankhwalawo ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani?
Kawirikawiri, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa mwa kusintha nthawi yomwe mwana wanu amamwa mankhwalawo. Mwachitsanzo, kupereka mankhwala m'mawa kungathandize kuchepetsa mphamvu yake usiku. Kapena, mutha kusintha kuchoka pa mankhwala otenga nthawi yayitali kupita ku mankhwala otenga nthawi yochepa omwe amagwira ntchito kwa maola angapo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu wakupatsani upangiri .
Ana ena amapatsidwa mankhwala osalimbikitsa, monga guanfacine ndi clonidine. Izi nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azigona masana. Zikatero, izi zitha kulamulidwa popereka mankhwalawo pafupi ndi nthawi yogona kapena kugawa mlingowo m'magawo awiri patsiku.
Chilakolako cha chakudya
Ngati mukumwa mankhwala opatsa mphamvu, mwana wanu sangafune kudya kwa maola ochepa oyamba atamwa mankhwalawo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha patatha milungu ingapo. Kapenanso, mutha kupereka mankhwalawo mutadya chakudya cham'mawa chabwino komanso chopatsa thanzi . Kenako, mutha kudya pang'ono masana, kenako kudya chakudya chamadzulo bwino mphamvu ya mankhwalawa ikatha madzulo. Komabe , ngati mwana wanu akuchepa thupi, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
Mutu ndi kuvutika m'mimba
Nthawi zambiri mutu, m'mimba, komanso nseru zimachepa mukayamba kumwa mankhwala atsopano. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha pakatha masiku kapena milungu ingapo. Kupatsa mwana wanu mankhwalawo pamodzi ndi chakudya kungathandize kuchepetsa kusasangalala kumeneku.
Kukwiya ndi kusintha kwa maganizo (Rebound Effect)
Mankhwala a ADHD amagwira ntchito kokha pamene ali m'thupi. Izi zitha kutenga maola 4 mpaka 12. Pamene zotsatira za mankhwalawa zichepa, zomwe zingakhale madzulo kapena usiku, mwanayo akhoza kukwiya mwadzidzidzi komanso kukwiya ngakhale ndi zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri (rebound effect).
Nthawi ngati izi, kukonzekera zochita za mwana wanu panthawiyo kungathandize kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuyamba homuweki mutatha kudya chakudya chamadzulo, kapena kumusambitsa pang'onopang'ono kapena kuwerenga buku asanagone kungathandize. Nthawi zina, dokotala angakulangizeni kuti mupereke mankhwala ochepa, afupiafupi madzulo (booster dose).
Zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zimafuna chisamaliro chachangu
Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma ngati muwona chinthu chonga ichi, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo musanapereke mlingo wina wa mankhwalawo.
| Zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri | Kufotokozera ndi choti muchite |
|---|---|
| Kuona zinthu molakwika | Kuona zinthu zomwe sizili pamenepo (monga tizilombo), kumva mawu omwe sali pamenepo, ndikumva mantha osamveka bwino (mantha). Uzani dokotala wanu za khalidwe lililonse lachilendo ngati ili nthawi yomweyo. |
| Maganizo odzipha | Ana omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi kuvutika maganizo ali pachiwopsezo chochepa chokhala ndi malingaliro awa, makamaka akamamwa mankhwala monga atomoxetine. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse, imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo . |
| Kusintha kwa umunthu | Pamene mlingo wa mankhwala ukuwonjezeka, ana ena akhoza kukhala ngati "zombie," akumva dzanzi komanso osayanjana ndi dziko lapansi. Ngati mwana wanu akulira nthawi zonse komanso akudzipatula, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kusintha mankhwalawo. |
| Tics | Matendawa angachitike, monga kuphethira maso pafupipafupi, nkhope, komanso kutsuka pakhosi. Sizikudziwika ngati izi ndi zatsopano kapena zikuipiraipira chifukwa cha mankhwala. Ngati vutoli ndi vuto kwa mwana pagulu, lankhulani ndi dokotala za kusintha mankhwala ena. |
| Mavuto a mtima | Ngakhale kuti ndi otetezeka kwa ana athanzi, mankhwala opatsa mphamvu angayambitse mavuto kwa iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Ngati mwana wanu kapena wachibale wanu ali ndi mbiri ya matenda a mtima, zilema zobadwa nazo, kapena kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwalawo . |
| Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi | Atomoxetine nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi khungu lachikasu, mkodzo wakuda, malungo, kapena kupweteka m'mimba, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. |
Kodi zimakhudza kukula kwa mwana?
Funso limene makolo ambiri ali nalo ndi ili. Panali chikhulupiriro chakuti mankhwala opatsa mphamvu amatha kukhudza mahomoni okulirapo mwa kupangitsa kuti munthu asamafune kudya komanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa dopamine m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, panali mantha kuti izi zingakhudze kutalika ndi kulemera.
Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti izi, ngakhale zitakhalapo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa . Kafukufuku wapeza kuti ana omwe amamwa mankhwala a ADHD ndi aafupi kuposa omwe samwa mankhwala.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti dokotala aziyang'anira kutalika ndi kulemera kwa mwana nthawi yonse yomwe mwanayo akumwa mankhwalawo. Kusintha kwa khalidwe la mwanayo kungakhale kopindulitsa kuposa kukula kwakanthawi. Chisankho chimenecho ndi chinthu chomwe inu ndi dokotala wanu muyenera kupanga limodzi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala a ADHD ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa mwana, koma monga mankhwala ena onse, angayambitse zotsatirapo zazing'ono.
- Zotsatirapo zambiri (kusowa tulo, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya) zimakhala zochepa ndipo zimatha pakapita nthawi.
- Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala musanasinthe nthawi, mlingo, kapena mtundu wa mankhwala. Musapange zisankho nokha.
- Samalani ndi khalidwe la mwana wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwala. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira kusintha mosavuta.
- Zotsatirapo zoyipa monga kuwona zinthu m'maganizo ndi zizindikiro za mtima sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma ngati mukukumana ndi chilichonse mwa izi, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .
- Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo. Pamodzi, inu ndi dokotalayo mudzasankha chomwe chili chabwino kwa mwana wanu.
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