Monga mayi kapena bambo, mwina mukudziwa bwino zinthu izi. Mwana wamng'ono sangangokhala pamalo amodzi, akhoza kukhala akusinthasintha nthawi zonse, akhoza kuthamanga, angalankhule mopitirira muyeso, kapena sangafune kudikira nthawi yawo. Izi ndi makhalidwe abwinobwino a mwana. Komabe, mwa ana ena, vuto lopeza chidwi ndi kusakhazikika sizimachepa pakapita nthawi monga momwe timayembekezera. Izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda otchedwa ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Komabe, pali ana ena omwe amapitirira muyeso uwu ndikuvulaza ena mwadala, kuchita zachiwawa, kuthawa sukulu, kuba, ndikuchita zinthu zosayenera anthu. Izi zitha kukhala matenda ena otchedwa Conduct Disorder.
Matenda onsewa ndi mavuto omwe amaonekera kwambiri ali mwana. Nthawi zina, mwana yemweyo akhoza kukhala ndi matenda onsewa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti inu monga kholo mumvetse kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa.
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Kodi zizindikiro za ADHD ndi matenda a khalidwe zimasiyana bwanji?
Zizindikiro za matenda onsewa ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Mwachidule, vuto lalikulu la mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD ndi kuvutika kusunga chidwi ndi kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Koma mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la khalidwe ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Tingaone kuti mwanayo akuyesera kuvulaza ena ndi kuwononga zinthu mwadala. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikirozi padera.
| Zizindikiro za ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) | |
|---|---|
| Mavuto a kusalabadira ) | Kuchita Zinthu Mopitirira Muyeso & Kusaganiza Bwino |
| Kusiya zinthu zazing'ono kuntchito, kuchita zolakwa mosasamala. | Polephera kukhala pamalo amodzi, amavutika ndikugwedeza miyendo yawo. |
| N'zovuta kukhala maso nthawi ya masewera kapena ntchito. | Akapemphedwa kuti akhale pansi, amadzuka, kuyenda, ndikuthamanga. |
| Zikuoneka kuti simukumvetsera pamene ndikulankhula. | Kuthamanga ndi kukwera m'malo osayenera. |
| Satsatira malangizo, amasiya kugwira ntchito pakati. | N'zovuta kuchita zinthu zomwe zimachitika mwakachetechete. |
| N'zovuta kukonza ntchito. | Pali chilengedwe cha "paulendo", chomwe nthawi zonse chimathamanga. |
| Kupewa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuganiza mozama. | Amalankhula kwambiri ndipo amayankha mafunso asanamalize. |
| Nthawi zambiri ndimataya zinthu zomwe ndimafunikira kuntchito (mabuku, mapensulo). | Alibe chipiriro pa nthawi yawo. |
Tsopano muli ndi lingaliro lomveka bwino la ADHD. Koma Vuto la Khalidwe ndi khalidwe loipa kwambiri. Ana awa amachita mwadala zinthu zomwe zimapweteka ena ndikuphwanya malamulo a chikhalidwe cha anthu.
| Zizindikiro za Matenda a Khalidwe | |
|---|---|
| Chiwawa kwa Anthu ndi Zinyama | Kuonongeka kwa Katundu ndi Chinyengo |
| Kuzunza, kuopseza, ndi kuopseza ena. | Kuwotcha nyumba mwadala kumafuna kuwononga katundu. |
| Nkhondo nthawi zambiri zimayamba. | Kuwononga zinthu za anthu ena mwadala. |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito zida (mipeni, ndodo) zomwe zingavulaze ena. | Kuthyola nyumba, magalimoto, kapena nyumba. |
| Kuchitira nkhanza anthu kapena nyama. | Amanama kuti apeze zomwe akufuna. |
| Kuba mwachindunji kwa munthu (monga kutenga ndalama pomuopseza). | Amaba katundu m'masitolo. |
| Kukakamiza munthu wina kugonana naye. | Asanakwanitse zaka 13, amakhala panyumba usiku osauza makolo awo. |
| - | Kuthawa panyumba, kutuluka kusukulu mozemba. |
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda awiriwa molondola?
Ngati mukukayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD kapena Conduct Disorder , chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Ngati pakufunika kutero, adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa matenda amisala a ana.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusamuimba mlandu kapena kumulanga mwana mukaona khalidwe lotere. Ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri woyenera wa dokotala chifukwa ichi chikhoza kukhala vuto lachipatala.
Pofufuza matenda, dokotala amaganizira zinthu zingapo.
- Pa ADHD: Kawirikawiri, mwana wosakwana zaka 16 ayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro 6 kapena kuposerapo za kusaganizira kapena kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso zomwe takambirana pamwambapa kwa miyezi yosachepera 6 nthawi imodzi. Komanso, zizindikirozi ziyenera kukhala pamlingo wosayenera msinkhu wa mwanayo ndipo zimasokoneza zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo pa zaka 17, payenera kukhala zizindikiro 5. Koma zizindikirozi ziyenera kuti zinayamba asanakwanitse zaka 12. Ndipo zizindikirozi sizimangokhala pamalo amodzi okha, monga kunyumba ndi kusukulu.Iyenera kuwoneka m'malo osachepera awiri.
- Pa Matenda Okhudzana ndi Khalidwe: Kuti mwanayo apezeke ndi vutoli, ayenera kuti wasonyeza makhalidwe atatu mwa makhalidwe oipa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa chaka chatha. Komanso, ayenera kuti wasonyeza chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zake m'miyezi 6 yapitayi.
Mwana amene ali ndi ADHD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lina la khalidwe lotchedwa Conduct Disorder kapena ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder). Choncho ngati mwana wanu alinso ndi vuto la khalidwe laukali komanso mavuto a kumvetsera, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za vutolo.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Nkhani yabwino kwambiri ndi yakuti, pali mankhwala a matenda onsewa.
Chithandizo cha ADHD
ADHD imatha kuthetsedwa kwambiri ndi chithandizo.
- Kwa ana osakwana zaka 6: Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa makolo kuphunzitsa momwe angathanirane ndi khalidwe la mwana wawo asanapereke mankhwala.
- Kwa ana azaka zopitilira 6: Chithandizo cha khalidwe ndi mankhwala nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa pamodzi. Mankhwala ofala kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ADHD ndi olimbikitsa . Kuphatikiza apo, thandizo lowonjezera kuchokera kusukulu lingathandizenso mwana kwambiri.
Chithandizo cha Matenda Ovuta
Kuchiza vutoli ndi kovuta pang'ono.
- Chithandizo: Izi makamaka zimaphatikizapo chithandizo cha khalidwe kwa nthawi yayitali komanso uphungu . Izi zimaphunzitsa mwana momwe angagwirizanirane ndi ena m'njira yosavulaza. Zimathandizanso anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi mwanayo, kuphatikizapo makolo, njira zatsopano zochitira ndi mwanayo.
- Mankhwala: Palibe mankhwala enieni a Conduct Disorder. Komabe, ngati mwana ali ndi vuto lina la matenda amisala, monga ADHD kapena kuvutika maganizo, kuchiza vutoli nthawi zina kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za Conduct Disorder.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amenewa?
N'zovuta kunena chifukwa chake mwana amadwala matenda amenewa.
- ADHD: Chiwopsezocho chingachuluke ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi vutoli (majini) komanso chifukwa cha matenda ena omwe mayi amakumana nawo panthawi ya mimba.
- Matenda Okhudzana ndi Khalidwe: Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawoneka pamodzi ndi mavuto ena amisala. Ana omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja lawo yokhudzana ndi khalidwe loipa, komanso omwe ananyalanyazidwa kapena kuzunzidwa ali ana, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.
Nthawi zina, ngati ADHD siilamuliridwa, imatha kukula kukhala Matenda a Khalidwe. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti mwana aliyense amene ali ndi ADHD adzakhala ndi Matenda a Khalidwe. Ndi osowa kwambiri.
Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena nkhawa zokhudza khalidwe la mwana wanu, funsani upangiri wa dokotala mwamsanga . Ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza mavuto ena akuluakulu, monga kuvutika maganizo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chifukwa chake, kuchitapo kanthu msanga komanso kulandira chithandizo choyenera kungalepheretse mavuto ambiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a ADHD ndi Matenda a Khalidwe ndi matenda awiri. Matenda a ADHD ndi vuto la kusamala ndi kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Matenda a Khalidwe ndi khalidwe laukali lomwe limavulaza ena ndikuswa malamulo.
- Ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi matenda onsewa pamodzi.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa khalidwe la mwana wanu, musamuimbe mlandu, koma pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga ndikupempha uphungu.
- Mavuto amenewa angathe kuthetsedwa bwino ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso maphunziro abwino. Kulowererapo msanga ndikofunikira.
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