Dokotala akakuuzani kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ndikukuuzani kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala, ndi zachilendo kwa inu monga kholo kumva kuti muli ndi vuto lalikulu mumtima mwanu. "Chingachitike ndi chiyani ndikapatsa mwana wanga mankhwala?", "Kodi izi zimupweteka?", ndi zina zotero. Mafunso ambiri angabwere m'maganizo mwanu. Koma musadandaule. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za izi mwachidule kuti tiyankhe mafunso anu. Tidzafotokoza zinthu izi chimodzi ndi chimodzi, monga momwe mungalankhulire ndi mnzanu.
Kodi chithandizo chomwecho chimagwira ntchito kwa mwana aliyense?
Ayi. Ichi ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe tiyenera kumvetsetsa. Momwe ADHD imachitidwira imasiyana malinga ndi mwana. Tangoganizirani, ngakhale ana khumi m'kalasi imodzi ali ndi ADHD, dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe limaperekedwa kwa onse khumi lingakhale losiyana. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti zizindikiro za mwana aliyense, momwe amakhudzira, ndi zosowa zake zimasiyana.
Madokotala nthawi zambiri amakonza chithandizo motere:
- Kwa ana osakwana zaka 6: Akatswiri nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuyamba ndi chithandizo cha khalidwe musanapereke mankhwala.
- Kwa ana azaka zopitirira 6: Kwa ana a msinkhu uwu, kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha khalidwe kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri.
Dokotala amene akuchiza mwana wanu adzasankha chomwe chikugwirizana bwino ndi mwana wanu kuchokera m'njira izi.
- Mwina mtundu umodzi wokha wa mankhwala umaperekedwa.
- Kapena, kuphatikiza mankhwala angapo (omwe timawatcha kuti adjunctive therapy) kungaperekedwe.
- Chithandizo cha khalidwe nthawi zambiri chimalimbikitsidwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti dokotalayo asinthe mtundu wa mankhwala kapena mlingo mpaka atapeza chithandizo chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwa mwana wanu. Choncho musadandaule.
Kodi mankhwala akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ADHD ndi ati?
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ADHD. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
1. Zolimbikitsa
3. Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu iyi padera, mwatsatanetsatane.
Tiyeni tikambirane kaye za zinthu zolimbikitsa thupi.
Kawirikawiri, dokotala wanu amamupatsa mwana wanu mankhwala ochepa amtunduwu. Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a ADHD omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso oyesedwa bwino. Angathandize kwambiri ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kusukulu, homuweki, kapena kucheza ndi anthu ena.
Ngakhale kuti izi zimatchedwa "zolimbikitsa," kumwa sizimapangitsa mwana kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Ndipotu, zosiyana ndi zimenezi zimachitika. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuti mwanayo asamavutike kwambiri ndi zinthu zosafunikira .
Mankhwala olimbikitsa
Nazi zitsanzo za mankhwala amtunduwu. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni imodzi mwa mankhwalawa. (Si mitundu yonseyi yomwe ingapezeke ku Sri Lanka, koma awa ndi mankhwala akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.)
| Dzina la Mankhwala Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito | Mayina a Makampani |
|---|---|
| Amphetamine | Adderall, Adderall XR, Adzenys XR-ODT |
| Dexmethylphenidate | Focalin, Focalin XR |
| Lisdexamfetamine | Vyvanse |
| Methylphenidate | Concerta, Daytrana, Jornay, Ritalin |
| serdexmethylphenidate/ dexmethylphenidate | Azstarys |
Nthawi yomwe mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito imasiyananso.
Mankhwala olimbikitsa awa amagawidwanso m'magulu angapo kutengera nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito.
- Yogwira ntchito mwachidule:Izi zimagwira ntchito mwachangu ndipo zimachotsedwa mwachangu m'thupi. Choncho muyenera kuzimwa kangapo patsiku. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi maola anayi.
- Zochita zapakati: Izi zimagwira ntchito kwa maola angapo kuposa zochita zafupi.
- Mankhwala Ogwira Ntchito Kwa Nthawi Yaitali: Mankhwala amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kamodzi patsiku. Amatha kugwira ntchito kwa maola pafupifupi 8-12. Mankhwalawa ndi abwino kwambiri kwa ana a msinkhu wa sukulu chifukwa amatha kupatsidwa limodzi m'mawa kuti ligwire ntchito tsiku lonse.
Chofunika Kwambiri: Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda ena (monga matenda a mtima), kapena ngati wina aliyense m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda otere, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu zonse musanapereke mankhwalawa.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe sizilimbikitsa.
Mankhwala awa ndi osalimbikitsa. Angathandizenso mwana wanu kuti aziganizira bwino komanso kuti azilamulira maganizo ake. Ngati mankhwala olimbikitsa sagwira ntchito kwa mwana wanu, kapena ngati amayambitsa zotsatirapo zoyipa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mankhwala osalimbikitsa.
Nthawi zina mankhwala amtunduwu amaperekedwa kuwonjezera pa mankhwala olimbikitsa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti akaperekedwa motere, chithandizocho chimakhala chopambana kwambiri.
| Mankhwala osalimbikitsa omwe amavomerezedwa kwa ADHD | |
|---|---|
| Atomoxetine | (Strattera) |
| Clonidine hydrochloride ER | (Kapvay) |
| Guanfacine ER | (Intuniv) |
| Viloxazine | (Qelbree) |
- Atomoxetine (Strattera):Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito powonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otchedwa norepinephrine muubongo. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso khalidwe lopupuluma la mwana.
- Clonidine ndi Guanfacine: Mankhwalawa adapangidwa poyamba kuti athetse kuthamanga kwa magazi, koma amakhudzanso ma chemical receptors enaake muubongo, zomwe zimathandiza kulamulira kukumbukira kwa mwana, chidwi, kusachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso.
Kodi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo amaperekedwa pazochitika ziti?
Ana ena omwe ali ndi ADHD angakhalenso ndi matenda ena amisala, monga kuvutika maganizo. Pazochitikazi, dokotala angakulembereni mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo pamodzi ndi mankhwala opatsa mphamvu.
Mankhwalawa savomerezedwa mwachindunji pa ADHD, koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti angathandize kuwongolera zizindikiro monga kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso nkhanza.
- Bupropion (Wellbutrin): Izi zimathandiza kusintha maganizo a ana omwe ali ndi ADHD komanso kuvutika maganizo.
- Imipramine (Tofranil) ndi Nortriptyline (Pamelor): Izi ndi mankhwala akale oletsa kuvutika maganizo. Zimakhudza ma neurotransmitters muubongo. Komabe, masiku ano sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake.
- Venlafaxine (Effexor): Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana omwe ali ndi nkhawa kapena mavuto amisala pamodzi ndi ADHD.
Dziwani zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala.
Mankhwala ambiri a ADHD akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake, choncho musanayambe kumwa mankhwala aliwonse, funsani dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zake komanso zomwe muyenera kudziwa.
Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo pa khalidwe la mwana wanu akumwa mankhwala, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, uzani dokotala wanu ngati mankhwalawo sakugwira ntchito bwino kapena ngati zotsatira zake zikuwoneka zochulukirapo.
Musasiye kumwa mankhwala a mwana wanu popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Matenda ena omwe angakhalepo ndi ADHD
Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD alinso ndi vuto limodzi kapena angapo, monga kuvutika maganizo kapena nkhawa. Gawo labwino kwambiri ndilakuti madokotala amatha kuchiza matenda onse awiri nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zina, mankhwala omwewo amatha kulamulira matenda onse awiri. Choncho khalani omasuka komanso oona mtima ndi dokotala wanu za kusintha kulikonse komwe mukuwona mu khalidwe la mwana wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chithandizo cha ADHD ndi chapadera komanso chapadera kwa mwana aliyense. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa mwana mmodzi sichingagwire ntchito kwa wina.
- Mankhwala ndi gawo limodzi lokha la dongosolo la chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino limodzi ndi chithandizo cha khalidwe.
- Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (Zolimbikitsa, Zosalimbikitsa, Zoletsa Kuvutika Maganizo). Dokotala wanu adzasankha yoyenera kwambiri kwa mwana wanu.
- Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu za momwe mankhwala ake akugwirira ntchito komanso ngati pali zotsatirapo zake. Zimene mukuwona ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga dongosolo la chithandizo.
- Musasinthe kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala a mwana wanu popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
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