Kodi mudamvapo kusakhazikika kwachilendo komwe kudakupangitsani kuti musamakhale pamalo amodzi kapena malo amodzi kwa kanthawi kochepa? Kodi mukumva ngati mukufuna kusuntha ndikugwedeza miyendo yanu nthawi zonse ndikumva kusakhazikika komwe kumachokera mkati? Izi zitha kukhala zotsatirapo za mankhwala omwe mukumwa. Lero tikambirana za vutoli (Akathisia). Musachite mantha, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.
Kodi ichi (Akathisia) n'chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.
Akathisia kwenikweni ndi mndandanda wa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi dongosolo la mitsempha ndi maganizo (`(Neuropsychiatric syndrome)`). Komanso, ndi vuto la kuyenda. Pankhaniyi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhala pansi kapena kukhala chete chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwakukulu komwe kumachokera mkati. Mawu akuti "akathisia" amachokera ku chilankhulo cha Chigiriki, kutanthauza "kulephera kukhala pansi". Vutoli nthawi zambiri limachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, makamaka mankhwala a `(Antipsychotic)` kapena `(Neuroleptic)` omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda amisala. Sikuti izi zokha, izi (akathisia) zitha kugwirizanitsidwanso ndi matenda ena monga `(Parkinson's disease)`. Munthu amene ali ndi (akathisia) amamva kusakhazikika kwakukulu komanso kusakhazikika mkati. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakhala ndi chikhumbo chachikulu choyendayenda nthawi zonse, makamaka kusuntha miyendo yawo. Nthawi zambiri mayendedwe amenewa amachitidwa mwanjira yomweyo mobwerezabwereza (`repetitive`). Chikhumbo chosalamulirika chosunthachi chingakhale chovutitsa kwambiri. Madokotala amagawa vutoli (akathisia) m'mitundu ingapo, kutengera nthawi yomwe zizindikirozo zimayamba komanso nthawi yomwe zimatha.
- Akathisia yoopsa: Izi zimachitika masiku oyamba mutayamba kumwa mankhwala, makamaka mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala, kapena pamene mlingo wawonjezeka. Zimatenga miyezi yosakwana isanu ndi umodzi.
- Akathisia yosatha: Mtundu uwu wa akathisia umachitika pamene zizindikiro zimatenga miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi. Zitha kukhala miyezi kapena zaka.
- Tardive akathisia: Izi zimachitika mutayamba kumwa mankhwala enaake, kuwonjezera mlingo, kapena miyezi itatu pambuyo pake. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi vuto lina loyendetsa thupi lotchedwa tardive dyskinesia.
- Kutaya mankhwala: Vutoli likhoza kuchitika pamene mlingo wa mankhwala ena wachepetsedwa kapena watha kwathunthu.
Kodi Akathisia ndi chimodzimodzi ndi Nkhawa?
Ayi, musasokoneze awiriwa. Akathisia ndi nkhawa ndi matenda awiri osiyana. Akathisia ndi vuto la kuyenda, pomwe nkhawa ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo. Komabe, akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, kusakhazikika, komanso kulephera kulamulira maganizo ndi khalidwe la munthu. Komabe, chizindikiro chachikulu cha akathisia ndi chilakolako chosalamulirika chofuna kuyenda nthawi zonse. Zizindikiro zomwe zimachokera ku mantha kapena nkhawa sizipezeka kawirikawiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi akathisia amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso kupsinjika maganizo chifukwa cha chilakolako chosalamulirika chofuna kuyenda.
Mwatsoka, vutoli (Akathisia) nthawi zambiri limaganiziridwa molakwika ngati nkhawa yosalekeza komanso/kapena kusokonezeka maganizo.
Kodi Akathisia ndi yofala bwanji?
Akathisia ndi vuto lofala kwambiri la mayendedwe lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwala a psychotropic, makamaka mankhwala oletsa misala. Akuti anthu okwana 24% omwe ali ndi
schizophrenia omwe amamwa mankhwala a matendawa ali ndi akathisia. Mu kafukufuku wina, 39% ya anthu omwe amamwa clozapine ndi 45% ya anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala oletsa misala a m'badwo woyamba (FGA) anali ndi akathisia.
Kodi zizindikiro za (Akathisia) ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za Akathisia nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mutayamba kumwa mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala, kapena dokotala wanu atawonjezera mlingo. Chizindikiro chachikulu
ndikumva kusakhazikika, kapena kugwedezeka . Anthu omwe ali ndi akathisia amamva chikhumbo chachikulu chogwedeza thupi lawo, makamaka miyendo yawo, kuyambira m'chiuno mpaka m'mapazi awo. Ngati muli ndi akathisia, mutha kuchita izi:
- Nthawi zonse ndimadutsa miyendo yanga kenako n’kuiwongolanso.
- Miyendo yanga imayendabe ndikakhala pansi.
- Mukayimirira, mumasamutsa kulemera kuchokera ku mwendo umodzi kupita ku wina.
- Ndimagwedezeka uku ndi uku ndikukhala pansi.
- Amakhala akuyenda uku ndi uku, kapena kuyimirira pamalo amodzi ndikudzionetsera kuti akuyenda.
Kwa wina, zizindikiro ndi mayendedwe amenewa angaoneke ngati munthu amene nthawi zonse amakhala akugwedezeka ndipo sangathe kukhala chete.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi, ndikofunika kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu mwamsanga. Kodi mumamva bwanji kukhala ndi (Akathisia)?
Anthu omwe ali ndi Akathisia nthawi zambiri amafotokoza za kumva kutopa kwamkati komanso chikhumbo chosalamulirika chofuna kusuntha. Nthawi zambiri amafotokoza zakumva kutopa komanso kulephera kupumula. Angamvenso kupsinjika maganizo akafuna kukhala chete, monga pamzere. Kutopa kwamkati kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa anthu omwe ali ndi Akathisia kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso kuvutika maganizo. Akathisia yayitali imati,
Zagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kudzivulaza kapena khalidwe lodzipha. Ngati mukuganiza zodzipha kapena mukufuna kudzivulaza, ndikofunikira kupeza thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi zifukwa za Akathisia ndi ziti?
Asayansi sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa akathisia. Koma amaganiza kuti ndi chifukwa chakuti mankhwala ena amaletsa ma receptors muubongo omwe amalandira mankhwala otchedwa dopamine. Dopamine ndi neurotransmitter, mankhwala omwe amathandiza pa ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi, kuphatikizapo kuyenda kwathu. Kutsekeka kumeneku kumayambitsa kuyenda kosalamulirika. Pali mankhwala angapo omwe amagwirizana ndi akathisia: Akathisia imagwirizananso ndi matenda ena:- Matenda a Parkinson .
- Matenda a muubongo/ kutupa (`Encephalitis`).
- Kuvulala mutu (Kuvulala kwa ubongo koopsa - TBI).
Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala okhudzana ndi Akathisia
Akathisia ndi vuto lofala kwambiri la kayendedwe ka thupi lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala. Madokotala nthawi zina amatcha akathisia yoyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala. Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala, kapena neuroleptics, amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:- Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala a m'badwo woyamba kapena "wamba" (FGA).
- Mbadwo wachiwiri kapena "wosiyana" `(Antipsychotics - SGA)`.
Akathisia nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe ali mgulu la `(FGA)`, makamaka omwe ali amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba. Chiwopsezo chake chimakhala chochepa pang'ono ndi mankhwala a `(SGA)`. Madokotala amapereka mankhwala awa a `(FGA)` ndi `(SGA)` pa matenda osiyanasiyana amisala. Mwachitsanzo:- Kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe mu matenda a dementia.
- Matenda a bipolar.
- Kuvutika maganizo.
- Matenda a kudya.
- Matenda a nkhawa wamba.
- Kusowa tulo .
- Matenda okakamiza (`Obsessive-compulsive disorder -)OCD ).
- Matenda a umunthu.
- Matenda a post-traumatic stress (PTSD).
Matenda a Schizoaffective . Schizophrenia ndi matenda ena ofanana nawo.
Zitsanzo za mankhwala ena a FGA (omwe ali ndi mayina a makampani) omwe angagwirizane ndi Akathisia:- "Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®)"
- `Fluphenazine (Prolixin®)`
- `Haloperidol (Haldol®)`
- `Loxapine (Loxitane®)`
- "Prochlorperazine (Compro®, Compazine®)"
Mankhwala ena a SGA omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha Akathisia ndi awa:- `Paliperidone (Invega®)`
- `Ziprasidone (Geodon®)`
Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo okhudzana ndi Akathisia
Ngakhale kuti si mankhwala ofala kwambiri monga mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala, mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo agwirizanitsidwanso ndi akathisia. Izi zikuphatikizapo:- Mankhwala oletsa kubwerezabwereza kwa serotonin (SSRIs): Awa ndi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo omwe amaperekedwa kwambiri. Zitsanzo: fluoxetine (Prozac®), paroxetine (Paxil®).
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Awa anali mankhwala oyamba oletsa kuvutika maganizo kupangidwa. Ngakhale kuti anali othandiza, mankhwala atsopano komanso otetezeka omwe alibe zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
- Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo a Tricyclic (TCA): Madokotala amalemba mankhwalawa pamene mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo sakugwira ntchito. Zitsanzo: clomipramine (Anafranil®), amitriptyline (Elavil®).
Madokotala amalemba mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo pa matenda monga:- Kuvutika maganizo.
- Matenda a bipolar.
- Matenda a nkhawa.
- Kupweteka kosatha.
- Matenda okakamiza kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso (OCD).
- Kuukira ndi mantha.
- Matenda a post-traumatic stress (PTSD).
Akuti pakati pa 10% ndi 18% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar I omwe amamwa mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo amakhala ndi akathisia. Mankhwala ena okhudzana ndi Akathisia
Mankhwala ena omwe angagwirizane ndi Akathisia:- Mankhwala oletsa nseru kapena kusanza (mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba), mwachitsanzo metoclopramide.
- Mankhwala ochizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, monga `reserpine`, `methyldopa`.
- Mankhwala oletsa njira za calcium, monga cinnarizine, diltiazem.
- Mankhwala ogonetsa.
- Mankhwala ochiza chizungulire.
- `Azithromycin` (mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri).
- `Buspirone` (mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa).
Akathisia ingayambitsidwenso ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga amphetamine, methamphetamine, ndi cocaine. Kodi mungazindikire bwanji (Akathisia)?
Madokotala nthawi zambiri amazindikira Akathisia poyang'ana khalidwe la wodwalayo ndi zizindikiro zake (`clinical observation`). Izi sizimafuna kuyezetsa magazi kapena kuyesa kujambula. Njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa Akathisia ndi ``Barnes Akathisia-Rating Scale (BARS)``. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi Akathisia, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yachipatala, ndi mankhwala omwe alipo. Adzawonanso khalidwe lanu ndi mayendedwe anu. Tsoka ilo, Akathisia nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuzindikira. Chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimafanana ndi matenda ena amisala, mwachitsanzo:- Matenda amisala.
- Kupusa.
- Matenda a ADHD (ADHD).
- Kuvutika maganizo.
Kodi Akathisia amachiritsidwa bwanji?
Pakadali pano palibe chithandizo chenicheni cha Akathisia. Ngati Akathisia yanu imayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala, dokotala wanu angayese kukusinthani ku mankhwala ena kapena kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe mukumwa (ngati n'kotheka). Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti mankhwala otsatirawa angathandize ndi Akathisia:- Beta-blockers, mwachitsanzo propranolol.
- Benzodiazepines (gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda monga nkhawa, kusowa tulo, ndi khunyu).
- Mirtazapine wochepa (mankhwala oletsa kupsinjika maganizo).
- Mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa minofu (mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda monga mphumu).
- Vitamini B6.
Kodi Akathisia ingapewedwe?
Asayansi akuyesetsabe kumvetsetsa Akathisia, zomwe zimayambitsa, ndi mankhwala ake. Koma akudziwa kuti Akathisia imayamba kuchitika m'mikhalidwe iyi:- Ngati mukumwa mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala a m'badwo woyamba.
- Ngati mwamwa mankhwala ochulukirapo.
- Ngati dokotala wanu mwadzidzidzi awonjezera mlingo wa mankhwala anu, kapena kwambiri.
- Ngati muli ndi zaka zapakati kapena zokalamba.
Popeza izi ndi zoona, njira yabwino yopewera Akathisia ndi yakuti madokotala ayambe kumwa mankhwala awa pa mlingo wochepa kwambiri ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mlingo ngati pakufunika kutero. Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala aliwonse, ndikofunikira kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za zoopsa, ubwino, ndi zotsatirapo zake. Kodi zizindikiro za (Akathisia) ndi ziti?
Ngati Akathisia yazindikirika msanga ndipo mankhwala omwe amayambitsa matendawa asiya (ngati n'kotheka), vutoli nthawi zambiri limakhala bwino. Komabe, ngati Akathisia sanalandire chithandizo, ikhoza kukhala yofooketsa kwambiri. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi Akathisia amakumana ndi nkhawa komanso kuvutika maganizo (`dysphoria`). Angakhale ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha. Ngati mukuganiza zodzipha, ndikofunikira kupeza thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti pankhani ya (Akathisia)?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za Akathisia, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Akapeza msanga chomwe chikuyambitsa, amatha kusintha mankhwala anu mwachangu ndikuchepetsa vutoli. Akathisia ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zomwe zingayambitsidwe ndi mankhwala ena. Ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti mungakhale ndi Akathisia mutayamba kumwa mankhwala a matenda amisala kapena matenda amitsempha, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu za izi. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za Akathisia, uzani dokotala wanu mwachangu momwe mungathere. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)
- Akathisia ndi vuto lomwe kusokonezeka kwamkati kumabweretsa kulephera kukhala pamalo amodzi komanso kufunikira kosalekeza kusuntha.
- Izi zitha kuchitika makamaka ndi mankhwala ena oletsa matenda amisala. Zingachitikenso ndi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo ndi mankhwala ena.
- Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kugwedezeka kwa miyendo, kuyenda, komanso kulephera kukhala pamalo amodzi.
- Izi si nkhawa, koma zingayambitse nkhawa.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu. Vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa mwa kusintha mlingo wa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mankhwala ena.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Akathisia ikhoza kuthetsedwa ngati itapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!
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