N’chifukwa chiyani palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi

Kodi mwaonapo kuti amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena wokondedwa wanu wokalamba akuiwala zinthu? Nthawi zina kuiwala mayina, maadiresi, kapena kukumbukira komwe magalasi anu ali n'kwachibadwa pamene mukukalamba. Koma ngati kuiwala kumeneku kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo simungathe kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku nokha, kungakhale chizindikiro cha Matenda a Alzheimer's. Kenako funso lalikulu lomwe limabwera m'maganizo mwathu ndi lakuti, 'N'chifukwa chiyani dziko lotukuka chonchi silinapeze mankhwala a matendawa?' Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mozama lero.

Kodi matendawa adapezeka bwanji koyamba?

Nkhaniyi ikuyamba zaka zoposa 100 zapitazo, mu 1901. Dokotala wina wa ku Germany dzina lake Alois Alzheimer anafufuza ubongo wa mayi wina amene anamwalira ndi matenda a dementia. Anaona chinthu chachilendo kwambiri. Pakati pa ma neuron muubongo, mtundu wina wa puloteni unali utakhazikika komanso wokangana, ngati ma plaque. Pambuyo pake izi zinatchedwa "ma plaque." Anaonanso kuti mtundu wina wa puloteni unali utakangana komanso wokangana ngati ulusi mkati mwa ma neuron. Izi zinkatchedwa "ma tangles."

Patapita nthawi, asayansi anapeza kuti ma plaque okhala ngati zipsera anapangidwa ndi puloteni yotchedwa beta-amyloid . Anapezanso kuti ma tangles ofanana ndi ulusi anapangidwa ndi puloteni ina yotchedwa tau . Pamapeto pake, matendawa anatchedwa "matenda a Alzheimer" polemekeza dokotala amene anaupeza.

Nkhani yaikulu ya "Amyloid Hypothesis"

Kotero, pofika m'ma 1990, lingaliro lalikulu linayamba pakati pa ofufuza. Izi zinali chifukwa chachikulu cha matendawa chinali ma beta-amyloid plaques omwe amasonkhana muubongo. Lingaliro limeneli linkatchedwa "Amyloid Hypothesis." Mwachidule, ankaganiza kuti ma amyloid plaques amenewa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti maselo a ubongo afe komanso kuti kukumbukira kulephereke.

Koma kodi izi zapambana? Ayi ndithu. Mankhwala ambirimbiri ayesedwa kuchotsa ma amyloid plaques awa, koma palibe chomwe chasintha kwambiri miyoyo ya odwala. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa amyloid muubongo sanaletse wodwalayo kuiwala kapena kusintha miyoyo yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale mankhwala omwe avomerezedwa posachedwapa a `lecanemab` angochepetsa pang'ono kuipiraipira kwa matendawa, koma si mankhwala.

Kodi takhazikika panjira yomweyo?

Chifukwa cha zotsatira zosapambana izi, ofufuza ambiri tsopano akufunsa kuti, "Kodi tikupita kolakwika?" Ndipotu, sayansi si chinthu chomwe chingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu nthawi imodzi. Ili ngati sitima yaikulu, singatembenuzidwe nthawi imodzi. Ofufuza amaphunzira mutu womwewo kwa zaka zambiri, kenako amachita kafukufuku wambiri pa mutu womwewo. Kenako, gulu lalikulu la anthu ndi chidziwitso zimamangidwa mozungulira lingaliro lomwelo. Mukapita kukagwira ntchito ndi lingaliro latsopano, njira zoyenera ndi chidziwitso sizikupezeka. Chifukwa chake, pankhani ya Alzheimer's, sitima yayikuluyi inali kuyenda molunjika ku "amyloid." Chifukwa chake, chidwi chochepa kwambiri chinaperekedwa ku zifukwa zina, monga kutupa, matenda osiyanasiyana, kapena matenda odziteteza.

Koma, nkhani ya amyloid iyi si yolakwika konse. Mwina vuto lili mu mankhwala. Kapena, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ikhoza kukhala yolakwika. Mwina mankhwala awa ayenera kuyambika zaka zambiri zizindikiro zisanawonekere.

Panali vuto lina. Mpaka zaka pafupifupi khumi zapitazo, panalibe njira yotsimikizira 100% kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer pamene anali moyo, kupatula pofufuza ubongo wake atamwalira. Chifukwa chake, ena mwa anthu omwe adachita nawo kafukufuku wakale sanali ndi matenda a Alzheimer. Kotero deta yochokera ku maphunziro amenewo inali yolakwika, eti?

Koma tsopano zinthu zasintha. Ndi ukadaulo watsopano, makamaka ma PET scan ndi mayeso a cerebrospinal fluid, n'zotheka kuzindikira kupezeka kwa mapuloteni a amyloid ndi tau muubongo wa munthu wamoyo.

'Kuchulukana kwa magalimoto' mkati mwa ubongo ndi kafukufuku watsopano

Tsopano, m'malo mongoganizira zochotsa ma plaque amenewo, ofufuza akuyamba kuyang'ana chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, akufunsa kuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani ma plaque awa amapangidwa?" Zili ngati simungathe kuthetsa vutoli popanda kudziwa komwe lili. Tsopano, pali malingaliro atsopano angapo okhudza izi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Kodi palibe chomwe tingachite? Tiyeni tikambirane za kupewa.

Mukamva zonsezi, mungaganize kuti, 'O, palibe chomwe mungachite pa izi.' Koma musaganize choncho. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti matenda a Alzheimer amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti apitirire, pafupifupi zaka 20 mpaka 30. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tili ndi nthawi yambiri yoti tisiye kapena kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Ngakhale kuti pali mphamvu ya majini, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingasinthe zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's. Izi ndi izi:

• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda a mtima
• Cholesterol yambiri
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kutaya kumva
• Kuvutika maganizo ndi kusungulumwa

Ubwino waukulu wa zinthuzi ndikuti sizowopsa kwenikweni, zotsika mtengo, komanso zabwino pa thanzi lathu lonse. Kodi kusintha moyo wathu kuli kopindulitsa bwanji kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambirimbiri pachaka pa mankhwala atsopano?

Mtsogolomu, chithandizo cha Alzheimer's, monga chithandizo cha khansa, chingaphatikizepo kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala, "cocktail," osati mankhwala amodzi. Komabe, chiyembekezo chachikulu polimbana ndi matendawa ndichakuti asayansi azikayikira zikhulupiriro zawo zakale ndikupeza njira zatsopano.