Kodi muli ndi chipolopolo ngati ichi m'diso lanu? Tiyeni tikambirane za Conjunctival Melanoma!

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kadontho ka bulauni kapena kachidutswa kakang'ono pa mbali yoyera ya diso lanu? Mwina simunazindikire. Koma, mwina sizingakhale zosavuta monga momwe mukuganizira. Lero tikambirana za khansa ya diso yomwe siipezeka kawirikawiri koma yomwe ingakhale yoopsa.

Kodi Conjunctival Melanoma ndi chiyani?

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Mwachidule, conjunctival melanoma ndi mtundu wosowa wa khansa womwe ungachitike m'diso lanu. Anthu ena amautchanso kuti ``Conjunctival Malignant Melanoma.'' Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti ``conjunctiva'' ndi chiyani. Ndi nembanemba yoyera yomwe imaphimba mkati mwa chikope chanu, gawo loyera la diso lanu (lomwe limatchedwanso ``sclera'') . Kunena zoona, nthawi zambiri, melanoma iyi imayamba mu ``bulbar conjunctiva'', nembanemba ya mucous yomwe imateteza gawo loyera la diso lanu.

Uwu ndi mtundu wa khansa ya maso (melanoma ya maso). Melanoma imayamba pamene maselo otchedwa melanocytes ayamba kukula mosalamulirika . Ma melanocytes amenewa amapanga utoto wotchedwa melanin womwe umapatsa khungu lathu, tsitsi, ndi maso mtundu wawo. Mwina munamvapo za melanoma ya khungu, ndipo ndicho chimene chili. Koma uwu ndi mtundu womwe umakhudza maso. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti vutoli nthawi zina likhoza kukhala loopsa pa moyo .

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, khansa ya conjunctival melanoma ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri . Imangokhala 2% yokha ya zotupa zonse za m'maso. Imakhalanso 0.25%, kapena pafupifupi kotala, ya melanoma yonse. Komabe, akuti chiwerengero cha milandu chawonjezeka pang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa.

M'mayiko akumadzulo, matendawa amapezeka pakati pa 0.2 ndi 0.5 pa anthu miliyoni pachaka. Kawirikawiri amapezeka mwa anthu oyera omwe si a ku Spain. Komabe, amathanso kupezeka mwa anthu aku Asia, akuda, ndi a ku Spain. Ndi osowa kwambiri kwa ana .

Chinthu chinanso, khansa ya m'maso iyi si khansa ya m'maso monga `retinoblastoma` kapena `intraocular melanoma`. `Intraocular melanoma` ndi khansa yomwe imapezeka pakati pa diso (`uvea`), ndipo ndi khansa yofala kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'diso. `Retinoblastoma` ndi khansa yomwe imapezeka m'diso , lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa diso.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Pakhoza kukhala palibe zizindikiro kumayambiriro kwa khansa ya m'maso. Komabe, ngati mukupeza zizindikiro za khansa ya m'kamwa, zingaphatikizepo:

• Mole wofiirira (wamtundu) mkati mwa diso . Nthawi zina mole uwu ungakhale wopanda mtundu. Pankhaniyi, umatchedwa `amelanotic Conjunctival Melanoma` . `Amelanotic` amatanthauza `kusowa` melanin.
• Malo awa akhoza kukhala athyathyathya ngati diski kapena kukwezedwa ngati chotupa (`nodular`).
• Izi zimachitika mu diso limodzi lokha (`unilateral`).

Kodi chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?

Popeza khansa ya m'kamwa mwa munthu ndi yosowa kwambiri, ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa . Majini angathandize, koma si opatsirana kapena kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.

Komabe, pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zalumikizidwa bwino ndi kukula kwa conjunctival melanoma. Izi ndi izi:

• (`Primary Acquired Melanosis` – PAM): Apa ndi pamene mumakhala ndi madontho akuluakulu kuposa 1 mm, ndipo angakhale ndi utoto, omwe sanalipo pobadwa. Vuto la `PAM` limeneli limatha kuchitika ndi maselo osazolowereka kapena opanda.
• Conjunctival nevi: Izi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri timazitcha zizindikiro zobadwa nazo, madontho kapena madontho.

Kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakubweretsereni mavuto?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa melanoma ya maso:

• Kukhala ndi maso abuluu kapena obiriwira.Anthu omwe ali ndi maso opepuka amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la melanoma m'maso kuposa omwe ali ndi maso abulauni.
• Kukhala oyera. Anthu oyera ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya m'maso kuposa anthu amitundu ina.
• Kukalamba. Chiwopsezochi chimawonjezeka pamene mukukula.

Asayansi akuganiza kuti kukhudzana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kungakhalenso chinthu choopsa.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Ngati sichichiritsidwa, melanoma ingayambitse khungu komanso imfa .

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Dokotala wanu wa maso (katswiri wa maso) amatha kuzindikira khansa ya m'maso (conjunctival melanoma) panthawi yowunika maso nthawi zonse. Ngati akukayikira, angafune mayeso monga awa:

• Kufufuza kwa Ultrasound ('Ultrasonography').
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser poyesa makulidwe a conjunctiva.
• Kuyesa kwa biopsy.

Ngati dokotala wa maso anu akuganiza kuti khansa ya m'kamwa iyi mwina yafalikira (yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi, iye angafune kuti ayesedwenso. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuyezetsa magazi .
• Mayeso ena ojambulira zithunzi monga `PET scan`, ` CT scan` (`Computed Tomography scan`), kapena ` MRI scan` (`Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan`).

Kodi chithandizo cha izi ndi chiyani?

Dokotala wanu adzakulankhulani ndi kukuthandizani kusankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha vuto lanu. Chithandizocho chingaphatikizepo chilichonse mwa izi:

• Kuchotsa chilondacho opaleshoni.
• Cryotherapy (mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito chimfine chachikulu).
• Chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy ndi mankhwala othandizira okha (monga, osati chithandizo choyamba). Chithandizo cha radiation chingaphatikizepo brachytherapy ndi chithandizo cha radiation chakunja.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake kapena mavuto ake ndi otani?

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha opaleshoni ya conjunctival melanoma ndi awa:

• Kutupa kwa cornea yanu.
• Matenda.
• Kuona kawiri (`Diplopia`).

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha cryotherapy:

• Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kapena kosatha kwa mbali zina za diso lanu, ngakhale cornea.
• Iritis (kutupa kwa iris yanu).

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha mankhwala a chemotherapy:

• Kung'amba.
• Kukwiya kwa maso.
• Kupweteka kwa maso.
• Kugwedezeka kwa zikope (blepharospasm).
• Zilonda za cornea.

Mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha chithandizo cha radiation:

• Maso ouma.
• Kuvulala kwakanthawi kwa cornea.
• Kutayika kwa nsidze.
• Ma cataract ozungulira.

Ngati mankhwala awa sakugwira ntchito, dokotala wanu angafunike kuchotsa diso lomwe lakhudzidwa .

Kodi ndidzamva bwino msanga bwanji nditalandira chithandizo?

Kuchuluka kwa momwe mumamvera msanga kumadalira mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mumalandira . Dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu izi posankha chithandizo chomwe chili choyenera kwa inu.

Kodi melanoma ya conjunctival ingapewedwe?

Sizotheka kupewa kwathunthu khansa ya m'kamwa, koma pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezochi?

Mukhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi conjunctival melanoma povala magalasi abwino ndi zipewa , makamaka dzuwa likatuluka panja. Izi zidzakuthandizani kutetezani ku kuwala kwa UV. Kungakhalenso lingaliro labwino kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi dzuwa.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi conjunctival melanoma?

Ngati muli ndi conjunctival melanoma, ngati mutalandira chithandizo, chiyembekezo chanu chopulumuka chimakhala chabwino . Komabe, mungataye masomphenya. Ngati conjunctival melanoma ifalikira (metastasizes), kutanthauza kuti, ikupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi, vutoli likhoza kukhala lalikulu kwambiri. Ngati litachitika, limatha kufalikira ku mapapo anu ndi ma lymph nodes .

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Nazi zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti mudzisamalire nokha:

• Konzani nthawi yokumana ndi gulu lanu lachipatala ndipo pitani kukaonana ndi dokotala pa nthawi yake.
• Kudya bwino.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo.
• Dziwani zambiri za anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la maso komanso maso awiri ndipo pezani chithandizo.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muwona china chilichonse chatsopano kapena chomwe chikukudetsani nkhawa ndi thanzi lanu kapena masomphenya anu kunja kwa nthawi yanu yokumana ndi dokotala, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo .

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa conjunctival nevus ndi conjunctival melanoma ndi kotani?

Nthenda ya conjunctival nevus ndi chotupa chosakhala khansa (chosaopsa) pa conjunctiva yanu. M'mawu osakhala azachipatala, nevus imatchedwanso mole, birthmark, kapena kukongola. Nthenda ya nevus si khansa, koma pali nthawi zina pomwe nthenda ya conjunctival nevus imatha kukhala khansa, yotchedwa conjunctival melanoma .

Ngati muwona malo atsopano, kukhuthala, kapena kuipiraipira kwa malo omwe analipo kale pa mbali yoyera ya diso lanu, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala wa maso . Kumva kuti mwina muli ndi conjunctival melanoma, mtundu wa khansa, kungakhale kosokoneza maganizo. Komabe, ndi bwino kupeza matenda oyenera ndikuyamba chithandizo mwamsanga. Izi zikuthandizani kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri (prognosis).

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino zomwe takambirana, conjunctival melanoma. Diso ndi chiwalo chovuta kwambiri . Chifukwa chake, ngati muwona kusintha pang'ono kapena china chake chachilendo m'diso lanu, musachinyalanyaze. Makamaka, samalani ndi mawanga atsopano, mawanga akuda, ndi zotupa. Kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo mwachangu ndikofunikira kwambiri pamavuto otere . Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyesedwa maso kamodzi pachaka. Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.