N’chifukwa chiyani mitundu ina ya khansa ya m’mawere ndi yovuta kuchiza? Tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala atsopanowa (Khansa ya m’mawere yovuta kuchiza)

Munthu akapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere, amamva chisoni kwambiri komanso mantha. Zimenezo n'zachibadwa. Koma ndi sayansi ya zamankhwala ya masiku ano, mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'mawere imatha kulamulidwa ndikuchiritsidwa. Komabe, pali mitundu ina ya khansa yomwe ndi yovuta kuchiza kuposa ina. Izi zimatchedwa "khansa ya m'mawere yovuta kuchiza." Ofufuza zachipatala ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu pa izi, chifukwa mankhwala atsopano akupangidwa tsiku lililonse. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa zina za m’mawere zimakhala zovuta kuchiza?

Mwachidule, mankhwala opambana kwambiri a khansa ya m'mawere cholinga chake ndi kulamulira momwe maselo a khansa amakulira. Taganizirani izi motere: ngati selo la khansa lili ngati chitseko, mahomoni ndi mapuloteni ena ali ngati makiyi omwe amatsegula chitsekocho. Mankhwala amagwira ntchito potseka zitseko (ma receptor) kuti makiyi awa asagwire ntchito. Khansa ya m'mawere imagawidwa m'mitundu itatu yayikulu kutengera mtundu wa 'zitseko'.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mitundu itatu iyi.

Pakati pa 10% ndi 20% ya odwala onse a khansa ya m'mawere ali ndi iziNdi mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere yotchedwa khansa ya m'mawere ya katatu (TNBC). Mankhwala a mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa mitundu ina ya khansa sagwira ntchito pa khansa yamtunduwu, chifukwa ilibe ma hormone receptors. Komanso, mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi HER2 sathandiza.

Kuphatikiza apo, khansa ya TNBC ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansayo imakhala itafalikira m'thupi lonse ikapezeka. Imachitanso zinthu mosiyana mwa munthu aliyense, ndipo imatha kusintha pakapita nthawi kuti ikhale yosamva mankhwala ena.

Kodi kusintha kwa majini kumakhudza bwanji izi?

Njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yodziwira khansa ngati TNBC msanga ndi kuzindikira omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuti achite izi, ofufuza akuphunzira kusintha kwa majini (masinthidwe) komwe kumadutsa m'mibadwo yambiri ndipo kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

• BRCA1 (jini 1 la khansa ya m'mawere )
• BRCA2 (Gene 2 ya Khansa ya M'mawere)

Ngati mwalandira kusintha kwa majini m'modzi mwa majini awiriwa, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere ndi yam'chiberekero. Ngati muli ndi kusintha kumeneku, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa muli aang'ono.

Khansa zambiri za m'mawere zomwe zili ndi kusintha kwa majini a BRCA1 zimakhala ndi mitundu itatu ya khansa . Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa jini iyi kungathandize kupeza njira zabwino zochizira matenda a TNBC.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imafalikira m'thupi?

Mtundu wina wa khansa yomwe ndi yovuta kuchiza ndi khansa ya m'mawere yomwe yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi. Iyi imatchedwa khansa ya m'mawere yofalikira . Imatha kufalikira kumadera ena a thupi, monga mafupa, ubongo, chiwindi, kapena mapapo. Nthawi zina khansa imapezeka ikafalikira motere. Koma nthawi zambiri, khansa imabwereranso ndikufalikira pambuyo pa chithandizo choyamba, nthawi zina patatha zaka zambiri.

Khansa yanu ya m'mawereNgati khansa yafalikira kumadera akutali, cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuwongolera khansa. Chithandizo cha systemic ndi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa izi. Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chanu kutengera zizindikiro zanu, chithandizo cham'mbuyomu, komwe khansa yafalikira, komanso mtundu wa maselo a khansa.

Kodi ndi mankhwala ati aposachedwa kwambiri pa izi?

Mankhwala a khansa ya m'mawere yotchedwa TNBC, khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imafalikira komanso khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imabwereranso, apita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mankhwala a chemotherapy ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha izi. Madokotala tsopano amapereka mankhwalawa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena.

Nazi njira zina zatsopano zochiritsira:

Zoletsa za PARP

Izi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amawononga DNA ya maselo a khansa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini a BRCA ndi khansa ya HER2-negative komanso yofalikira. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo `olaparib (Lynparza)` ndi `talazoparib (Talzenna).` Izi zawonetsanso zotsatira zabwino pa TNBC yoyambirira.

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chiwononge maselo a khansa. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala otere. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chemotherapy.

Ma antibodies-drug conjugates (ADCs)

Uwu ndi ukadaulo wosangalatsa kwambiri. Taganizirani ngati njira ya GPS yomwe imatsogolera mankhwala ku cholinga chake. Ma antibodies omwe ali mu mankhwalawa amapeza maselo a khansa, amawalumikiza, ndikuwononga maselo a khansa ndi mankhwala omangiriridwawo, popanda kuvulaza maselo athanzi. `Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy)` ndi mankhwala a ADC ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa TNBC yapamwamba.

Mankhwala owonjezera

Pali mankhwala atsopano angapo omwe amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala a mahomoni a khansa ya hormone receptor (HR-positive). Abemaciclib (Verzenio) ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala otere.

Kodi tsogolo la zinthu ndi lotani pankhaniyi?

Ofufuza akugwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti awonjezere njira zochizira khansa izi, kuphatikizapo kupeza mankhwala atsopano a immunotherapy ndi kuzindikira zizindikiro zomwe zingadziwiretu zotsatira za chithandizo.

Akufufuzanso ngati mankhwala ovomerezeka a matenda ena angakhale othandiza kwa TNBC. Akufufuzanso njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala monga PARP inhibitors mozama. Kafukufuku wina akuyeseranso kugwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira ntchito m'thupi popha maselo a khansa omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala.

Choncho, ngakhale kukhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu kungakhale kovuta, pali chiyembekezo cha mankhwala atsopano. Chofunika kwambiri ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu nthawi zonse ndikusankha njira yothandizira yomwe ili yoyenera kwa inu.