Tikamaganizira za matenda a Alzheimer's , timaganiza za matenda omwe amayamba ndi ukalamba ndipo pang'onopang'ono amataya kukumbukira, sichoncho? Nzoona. Anthu ambiri amadwala matenda a Alzheimer's atatha zaka 65. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti, kawirikawiri, palinso mtundu wa matenda a Alzheimer's womwe ungakule ali aang'ono, kutanthauza, ngakhale ali ndi zaka 30, 40, kapena 50? Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha majini omwe amapatsirana kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo . Lero tikulankhula za nkhani yosowa, koma yofunika kwambiri, matenda a Alzheimer's a m'banja, kapena FAD.
Kodi izi zikusiyana bwanji ndi matenda a Alzheimer's wamba?
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a Alzheimer. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa matenda awiriwa kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la FAD.
| Mtundu wa Alzheimer's | Zinthu zazikulu ndi kusiyana |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Alzheimer a m'banja (FAD) | Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Osakwana 5% ya odwala Alzheimer ali ndi mtundu uwu. Umayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumadutsa m'mibadwomibadwo. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyamba munthu asanakwanitse zaka 65 , nthawi zina ngakhale ali ndi zaka 30. |
| Matenda a Alzheimer's nthawi ndi nthawi | Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri. Pafupifupi 95% ya odwala matenda a Alzheimer amagwera m'gululi. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera munthu akakwanitsa zaka 65. Chifukwa chenicheni cha izi sichikudziwikabe. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu monga majini, zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi moyo. |
N’chifukwa chiyani matenda otchedwa FAD amapezeka?
Mwachidule, FAD imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumadutsa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku mibadwomibadwo mkati mwa banja.Jini imeneyi imayambitsa mapuloteni osayenera kudziunjikira mu ubongo. Pakapita nthawi, mapuloteniwa amawononga maselo a ubongo, kusokoneza kukumbukira ndi njira zina zamaganizo.
Majini atatu akuluakulu apezeka omwe amakhudza izi:
- Presenilin 1 (PSEN1)
- Presenilin 2 (PSEN2)
- Puloteni yoyambirira ya Amyloid (APP)
Chofunika ndichakuti, ngati amayi kapena abambo anu ali ndi kusintha kwa majini kumeneku, muli ndi mwayi wa 50% wolandiranso. Izi sizimadutsa m'badwo uliwonse.
Kusintha kwa majini m'modzi mwa majini atatuwa ndikokwanira kuyambitsa FAD. Mwa awa, kusintha kofala kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumatchedwa `PSEN1`.
Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?
Izi n'zomveka bwino. Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa FAD ndi mbiri ya banja . Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo anu ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa FAD, muli ndi mwayi wa 50% wotengera matendawa ndikuyamba matendawa.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mbali ya amayi anu ili ndi matendawa, azakhali anu, amalume anu, agogo anu, ndi agogo anu aakazi omwe ali kumbali imeneyo nawonso ali ndi matendawa. Nthawi zina, ngati makolo anu anamwalira ali aang'ono chifukwa cha zifukwa zina, simungadziwe ngati anali ndi matendawa kapena ayi. Pazochitika zotere, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chiopsezo cha banja lanu.
Mosiyana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's wamba, moyo ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'malo sizimakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa matenda a FAD. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi cholowa cha majini.
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti? Kodi mumazindikira bwanji?
Zizindikiro za FAD nthawi zambiri zimayamba munthu ali ndi zaka za m'ma 30, 40, kapena 50. Zingakhale zovuta kuzizindikira poyamba. Mungazindikire kusintha kumeneku banja lanu kapena anzanu asanachite.
Zizindikiro zazikulu zingakhale:
- Kutaya kukumbukira: Izi si zachilendo pa ukalamba. Mumayamba kuiwala zochitika ndi zokambirana zaposachedwa. Matendawa amakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi.
- Kusasamala: Mungasiye chidwi ndi zochita kapena zosangalatsa zomwe munkakonda. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati kuvutika maganizo .
- Kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi umunthu:Mungazindikire kusintha monga kukwiya mosalekeza, kukwiya, kapena kukayikira mosafunikira.
- Kuvuta kuyenda: Mutha kumva kuuma thupi lanu, kupunthwa mukuyenda, komanso kuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
- Kunjenjemera : Kugwedezeka kosalamulirika (kugwedezeka) kungachitike, kuyambira m'zala ndikufalikira m'manja ndi miyendo.
- Kugwidwa ndi khunyu : Odwala ena amathanso kugwidwa ndi khunyu.
- Mavuto olankhula: Izi zingaphatikizepo kuvutika kupeza mawu ndi kulankhula mopanda nzeru.
Chofunika ndichakuti, mwina mungayambe kukumana ndi zizindikirozi muli ndi zaka zofanana ndi za amayi kapena abambo anu.
Kodi mungatsimikizire bwanji matendawa molondola?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuonana ndi dokotala woyenerera . Dokotalayo adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu ya thanzi, komanso makamaka mbiri ya thanzi la banja lanu.
Mayeso angapo angachitike kuti atsimikizire matendawa:
1. Mayeso a Kuzindikira: Mudzapatsidwa mafunso ndi zochita zosavuta zomwe zimayesa zinthu monga kukumbukira kwanu, chidwi chanu, ndi luso lanu lothana ndi mavuto.
2. Kujambula ubongo: Kujambula kwa CT kapena MRI kungalimbikitsidwe kuti muwone ngati ubongo wawonongeka kapena wachepa.
3. Kuyeza majini: Ngati mukukayikira kwambiri za FAD, makamaka ngati muli aang'ono ndipo muli ndi mbiri ya matendawa m'banja lanu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe majini. Uku ndi kuyesa magazi kosavuta. Izi zingakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa majini `APP`, `PSEN1`, kapena `PSEN2`.
Musanachite mtundu uwu wa kuyezetsa majini, mudzatumizidwa kwa mlangizi kapena katswiri wa majini amene adzakufotokozerani zotsatira za mayesowo komanso momwe zingakhudzire inu ndi banja lanu.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala kapena mankhwala a FAD pakadali pano. Komabe, pali mankhwala angapo omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikukweza moyo.
Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni njira zochizira matenda monga:
- Mankhwala monga cholinesterase inhibitors ndi memantine angathandize kuwongolera zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kukumbukira.
- Lamulirani kusintha kwa maganizo ndi mavuto a khalidwe (mkwiyo, kuvutika maganizo) ndi mankhwala monga (SSRIs).
- Siyanitsani mankhwala ochizira zizindikiro zakuthupi monga kunjenjemera, kuuma, ndi khunyu.
- Chithandizo cha maganizo chingakuthandizeninso kukhala olimba m'maganizo.
Ndi mavuto otani omwe angachitike matendawa akakula kwambiri?
Pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo pakapita nthawi, mavuto osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika. Kusayenda bwino komanso kusatha kuyenda kungayambitse zilonda pabedi , matenda a pakhungu , komanso magazi kuundana .
Chimodzi mwa mavuto ofunikira komanso owopsa kwambiri ndi kuvutika kumeza chakudya ndi chakumwa . Izi zingayambitse kuti tinthu ta chakudya ndi madzi zilowe m'mapapo mwangozi kudzera mu trachea. Izi zingayambitse mabakiteriya kulowa m'mapapo ndikuyambitsa chibayo chachikulu (aspiration pneumonia). Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa mwa odwala matenda a Alzheimer's.
Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matendawa?
Ngakhale kuti FAD singathe kuthetsedwa, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe inu ndi banja lanu mungachite kuti nthawi yomwe mukukhala ndi matendawa ikhale yabwino komanso yabwino momwe mungathere.
- Khalani ndi maganizo otanganidwa momwe mungathere: Chitani zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ubongo wanu, monga kuwerenga mabuku ndi kuthetsa ma puzzle osavuta.
- Khalani otanganidwa: Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta momwe mungathere, monga momwe dokotala wanu akulangizirani.
- Idyani zakudya zabwino.
- Chepetsani kupsinjika maganizo: Zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira kwambiri zingathandize.
- Landirani thandizo la achibale ndi abwenzi: N'zovuta kudutsa ulendowu nokha. Chithandizo cha okondedwa n'chofunika kwambiri.
- Lowani m'magulu othandizira: Pezani chithandizo ndi chidziwitso kuchokera ku mabungwe omwe amathandiza odwala ndi mabanja awo kukonda izi.
FAD ndi matenda ovuta, koma ndi chidziwitso choyenera, chithandizo chamankhwala, chikondi ndi chithandizo cha banja, vutoli lingayang'aniridwe.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Alzheimer a m'banja (FAD) ndi matenda osowa kwambiri, obadwa nawo a Alzheimer omwe amapezeka ali aang'ono.
- Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi jini iyi, pali mwayi wa 50% kuti mwana adzalandira.
- Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kulephera kukumbukira, kusintha kwa khalidwe, komanso kuvutika kuyenda.
- Ngakhale kuti matendawa sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, pali mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro ndikuwongolera moyo wabwino.
- Ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi kukayikira kulikonse pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake mwachangu.
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