Kodi inuyo kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa adalowa mu ICU? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi! (Intensive Care Unit - ICU)

Palibe aliyense wa ife amene amakonda kukhala m'zipatala. Koma nthawi zina timafunika thandizo lachipatala kuti tipulumutse miyoyo yathu, kapena kuti tichire ku vuto lalikulu. Nthawi ngati zimenezi, mwina munamvapo za "ICU". Anthu ambiri amachita mantha pang'ono akamva mawu akuti ICU. Choncho lero, tiyeni tikambirane za tanthauzo la ICU, zomwe zimachitika kumeneko, komanso chifukwa chake ndi lofunika.

Kodi ICU ndi chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani ndi yapadera kwambiri?

Mwachidule, chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) ndi chipinda chapadera kwambiri kuchipatala. Kunena zoona, ndi malo omwe odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena odwala kwambiri kapena omwe adachita ngozi yayikulu amathandizidwa. Inde, kukhala mu chipinda chothandizira odwala kwambiri kumatanthauza kuti vutoli ndi lalikulu pang'ono . Chifukwa odwala pano amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, kuyang'aniridwa ndi chithandizo kuchokera kwa madokotala ndi anamwino odziwa bwino ntchito nthawi zonse.

Nthawi zina amatchedwa ndi mayina ena, mwina munamvapo kuti:

• `Chipinda Chosamalira Anthu Ovutika`
• `Chipinda Chothandizira Kwambiri`
• `Chipinda Chothandizira Kwambiri`

Kaya munene bwanji, lingaliro ndi lomwelo. Ndiko kuti, malo omwe amapereka chithandizo chapadera komanso chovuta kwambiri .

Kodi madokotala amasankha bwanji ngati ndikufunika chithandizo cha ICU?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, "Kodi mumasankha bwanji kuika munthu mu ICU ?" Madokotala amaganizira zinthu zambiri popanga chisankho chimenecho. Ganizirani zinthu monga:

• Matenda anu : Izi zikutanthauza matenda omwe muli nawo.
• Kodi mumayankha bwanji chithandizo chomwe mwalandira mpaka pano? : Nthawi zina chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa m'chipinda chogona cha odwala nthawi zonse sichingakhale chokwanira.
• Matenda ena omwe muli nawo (`Matenda Okhudzana ndi Matenda`) : Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi matenda ena monga matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi , vuto lalikulu la matenda lingakhale lovuta kwambiri.
• Kuopsa kwa matenda kapena ngozi : Timaonanso momwe vutoli lilili lalikulu.

Komanso, madokotala adzaganizira zomwe mumakonda. Anthu ena sangafune kulandira chithandizo china ku ICU ngati akuganiza kuti chingakhudze moyo wawo kapena ngati mwayi wawo wochira ndi wochepa kwambiri.

Kodi zifukwa zazikulu zolowera ku ICU ndi ziti?

Pali matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kuvulala komwe kumafunika chithandizo ku ICU. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa zifukwa zodziwika bwino :

• Nthawi yochira pambuyo pa opaleshoni yayikulu : Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yayikulu, wodwalayo amasamutsidwira mwachindunji ku ICU ndikuyang'aniridwa mosamala.
• Kuphulika kwa aneurysm ya ubongo: Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri.
• Sepsis : Iyi ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafalikira m'thupi lonse.
• Matenda oopsa a bakiteriya kapena mavairasi : Nthawi zina matenda amtunduwu amatha kupha munthu.
• Stroke : Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa magazi kupita ku ubongo .
• Kulephera kwadzidzidzi kwa chiwalo chachikulu m'thupi : Mwachitsanzo, mtima, impso, chiwindi, kapena mapapo (`(kulephera kupuma)`) zimasiya kugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi.
• Mavuto pambuyo pa opaleshoni .
• Ngozi zoopsa : Zinthu monga zilonda zowomberedwa, ngozi zoopsa zamagalimoto.
• Kuvulala kwakukulu pamutu (Kuvulala koopsa muubongo) .
• Kugwedezeka : Imeneyi ndi vuto lomwe thupi limataya magazi okwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zisapeze mpweya ndi zakudya zokwanira.
• Matenda ena akuluakulu ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi khansa .

Muzochitika ngati izi, ntchito zapadera zomwe zimaperekedwa ku ICU ndizofunikira kuti apulumutse moyo wa wodwalayo ndikuchira mwachangu.

Kodi ndi chisamaliro chamtundu wanji chomwe chimaperekedwa ku ICU? Ndani amapereka chithandizochi?

Mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri , odwala amawunikidwa ndi kuchiritsidwa usana ndi usiku . Zipangizo zambiri zapadera zachipatala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

ICU imapereka "chisamaliro cha akatswiri osiyanasiyana" . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, gulu la madokotala, anamwino, ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala ena omwe ali ndi luso m'magawo osiyanasiyana amagwira ntchito limodzi posamalira wodwala m'modzi. Tangoganizirani gulu ngati ili:

• Madokotala osamalira odwala/odwala matenda opweteka kwambiri : Awa ndi madokotala akuluakulu mu ICU.
• Madokotala a opaleshoni ya ngozi : Madokotala a opaleshoni omwe amathandiza anthu omwe avulala kwambiri.
• Alangizi ophunzitsidwa bwino a unamwino ndi othandizira azachipatala ('Opereka Chithandizo Chapamwamba kapena ma APP') .
• Anamwino : Ogwira ntchito ya unamwino ndi omwe amathera nthawi yambiri akusamalira wodwala.
• Akatswiri ochiza matenda a kupuma : Amene amathandiza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lopuma.
• Akatswiri a zamaganizo : Anthu omwe amathandiza odwala kubwerera kuntchito zawo.
• Madokotala omwe ali mu maphunziro ('Okhala') : Omwe adamaliza digiri yawo ya udokotala ndipo akuphunzitsidwanso mwapadera.
• Madokotala omwe akuphunzitsidwa mwapadera (`Anzake`): Ndiko kuti, madokotala omwe amaliza maphunziro awo oyambira ndipo akulandira maphunziro apadera ozama kwambiri.
• Akatswiri a zamankhwala : Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera pa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kwa odwala.
• Akatswiri a zamaganizo : Anthu omwe amathandiza kubwezeretsa mayendedwe a thupi, minofu, ndi zina zotero.
• Akatswiri a Zakudya : Anthu omwe amaonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo akupeza zakudya zoyenera zomwe akufunikira.
• Ogwira ntchito zachitukuko : Amene amapereka chithandizo chamaganizo ndi zina kwa wodwala ndi banja lake.
• Oyang'anira milandu : Omwe amawongolera chisamaliro cha odwala.

Taonani kuchuluka kwa gulu lomwe likugwira ntchito kwa wodwala m'modzi! Cholinga cha aliyense ndikuchiritsa wodwalayo mwachangu momwe angathere.

Ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri mu ICU?

Mukapita ku ICU, mudzawona makina ndi ma monitor osiyanasiyana. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira thanzi la wodwalayo nthawi zonse ndikupereka chithandizo chofunikira. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Makina oletsa ululu : Awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mankhwala ochepetsa ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni kapena opaleshoni yopweteka.
• Mankhwala apakati ndi a m'mphepete mwa msana : Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mankhwala, monga saline, m'thupi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popereka mankhwala opweteka ndi nkhawa.
• Ma defibrillator : Ngati mtima wasiya kugunda mwadzidzidzi (Cardiac arrest), makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsanso mphamvu zamagetsi.
• Zipangizo zojambulira : Zinthu monga X-ray ndi ultrasound ndizofunikira kuti muwone mkati mwa thupi.
• Makina othandizira moyo : Awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira ziwalo zomwe sizikugwira ntchito bwino, kapena kuchita ntchito za ziwalozo kwakanthawi.
• Kupumira mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito makina : Makinawa amathandiza odwala omwe sangathe kupuma okha.
• ECMO (Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) : Makina apadera omwe amathandiza mtima ndi mapapo.
• Chithandizo chosinthira impso mosalekeza : Iyi ndi njira yogwirira ntchito pamene impso sizikugwira ntchito bwino, mofanana ndi dialysis.
• Ma IV a m'mphepete mwa mphuno : Awa ndi machubu apulasitiki opyapyala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka saline, zakudya zopatsa thanzi m'mimba (nthawi zina zimaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu kudzera mu mphuno), mankhwala, ndi kuikidwa magazi.
• Ma catheter a mkodzo : Awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mkodzo kuchokera m'chikhodzodzo.
• Zizindikiro zofunika : Izi nthawi zonse zimayesa ndikuwonetsa zinthu monga kutentha kwa thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kupuma .

Musachite mantha mukaona zida izi. Zonsezi ndi zoti wodwalayo alandire chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.

Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ICU?

Mu ICU, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• Mankhwala a matenda a mtima ('Antiarrhythmics') .
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo : Kuchiza matenda.
• Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala: Kwa matenda ena amisala.
• Mankhwala oletsa kugunda kwa mtima monga khunyu kapena khunyu .
• Beta-blockers : Pa matenda ena a dongosolo la magazi.
• Mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi .
• Zoletsa njira za calcium : Pa matenda monga kusakhazikika kwa kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (tachycardia).
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kutuluka kwa Mkodzo : Mankhwala omwe amayambitsa kukodza kwambiri pa matenda monga kulephera kwa mtima ndi kutupa.
• Mankhwala opha ululu : Oletsa ululu wapakati mpaka woopsa.
• Zolimbikitsa ubongo : Zimathandiza pa kuvulala kwa ubongo ndi sitiroko.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu : Amachepetsa ululu, kusasangalala, ndipo athandize wodwalayo kukhala chete.
• Vasopressors : Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kochepa (hypotension).

Mankhwala onsewa amaperekedwa motsogozedwa ndi madokotala, ndipo amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati mwalowa mu ICU?

Chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri ndi malo otanganidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa, muyenera kumvetsera wodwala aliyense amene ali kumeneko nthawi zonse. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amayesetsa momwe angathere kuti wodwalayo akhale womasuka. Komabe, kwa anthu ena, kutanganidwa kumeneko, phokoso la makina, ndi fungo lina limakhala lovuta kupirira, ndipo amatha kumva kupsinjika pang'ono.

Mosiyana ndi zipinda zina zogona odwala, pali mabedi ochepa okha mu ICU. Namwino nthawi zambiri amasamalira wodwala m'modzi kapena awiri okha. Komanso, pali zoletsa pa omwe angayendere odwala . Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe angayendere odwala ndi chochepa, sangaloledwe kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni am'manja, ndipo angapemphedwe kuti asabweretse chakudya, zakumwa, maluwa, ndi zina zotero. Komanso, ngati mlendo ali ndi chimfine kapena matenda ena, ndi bwino kukhala panyumba. Zonsezi zimachitika kuti odwala akhale otetezeka.

Ngati wina ali ndi matenda opatsirana, akhoza kuikidwa pamalo enaake ku ICU kuti matendawa asafalikire kwa ena. Pankhaniyi, ogwira ntchito zachipatala adzafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina zodzitetezera (PPE). Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Magalasi oteteza
• Zishango za nkhope
• Magolovesi
• Zovala Zapadera
• Zophimba mutu
• Zophimba nkhope (`Zophimba nkhope`)
• Zopumira
• Zophimba nsapato

Ngati wodwalayo ali chikomokere kapena ali ndi vuto lopumitsa thupi ndipo sangathe kufotokoza zomwe akufuna, banja ndi lomwe liyenera kupanga zisankho zokhudza chisamaliro cha wodwalayo. Pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, madokotala angafunikenso kupanga zisankho za wodwalayo.

Kodi ndingachoke liti ku ICU?

Izi zimadalira kwambiri kuopsa kwa matenda a wodwalayo . Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala mu ICU amachira ndikutuluka kuchipatala. Komabe, matenda omwe amafunikira chisamaliro cha ICU ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina amatha kusintha mwanjira zosayembekezereka. Mungafunike kukhala mu ICU kwa maola ochepa okha, kapena mungafunike kukhala kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani lingaliro lomveka bwino la izi.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ICU? Kodi ICU iliyonse ili ndi ukadaulo wake?

Inde, zipatala zina zili ndi mitundu yapadera ya ma ICU. Izi zikutanthauza, zipinda zosamalira odwala kwambiri zomwe zimayang'anira magulu enaake a odwala kapena matenda enaake. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri cha mtima (CICU) : Chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima.
• Chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri cha mtima (CTICU): Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima ndi mapapo .
• Chipinda chosamalira ana obadwa kumene (NICU): Kwa makanda obadwa kumene , makamaka makanda obadwa msanga komanso odwala.
• Chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (MICU) : Pa mavuto ovuta azachipatala, matenda oopsa, komanso vuto la kupuma.
• Chipinda chosamalira ana odwala kwambiri (PICU) : Chitani ana.
• Chipinda Chosamalira Opaleshoni ndi Ovulala Kwambiri (STICU) : Kwa odwala pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi ngozi zazikulu.

Kukhala ndi ICU yapadera ngati iyi kudzatithandiza kupereka bwino chithandizo chapadera chomwe wodwala aliyense amafunikira.

Kodi ICU imatanthauza kukhala ndi chithandizo cha moyo nthawi zonse?

Izi sizichitika nthawi zonse. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali mu ICU amafunika njira zachipatala kuti ziwathandize kugwira ntchito bwino ziwalo zawo. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga makina opumira mpweya, dialysis, ndi defibrillators. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza thupi kuchita zinthu zomwe silingathenso kuchita lokha.

Kodi ICU ndi chisamaliro cha kumapeto kwa moyo?

Nthawi zina zimenezi zingakhale choncho, koma si nthawi zonse. ICU imapangidwa kuti ipereke chithandizo chapadera chamankhwala kwa anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri kapena ovulala. Komabe, nthawi zina, pamakhala zochitika zomwe wodwala sangathe kuchira matenda ake ngakhale atalandira chithandizo cha ICU .Pa nthawi imeneyo, ngati inu, gulu lanu lachipatala, ndi/kapena okondedwa anu musankha kuti chisamaliro cha ICU sichikufunikanso, mungasamutsidwire ku chipinda chogona chachipatala nthawi zonse. Kapena, ngati n'kotheka, mungatumizidwe kunyumba, kapena mungatumizidwe ku malo osamalira odwala omwe amapereka mpumulo ndi chitonthozo kumapeto kwa moyo wanu.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti ogwira ntchito ku ICU akumvetsa momwe mukumvera komanso mmene banja lanu likumvera. Iwo nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukupatsani zotsatira zabwino kwambiri komanso kukutonthozani panthawi yovutayi.

Pomaliza, zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira

Chabwino, tsopano takambirana zambiri zokhudza ICU. Nazi zinthu zofunika kukumbukira:

• Chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) ndi malo apadera komwe matenda aakulu kwambiri amachiritsidwa.
• Kulowa mu ICU kumatanthauza kuti ndi zachilendo kuti wodwalayo ndi banja lake azikhala ndi mantha, nkhawa, komanso nkhawa. Zimenezi n'zachibadwa.
• Ogwira ntchito onse, kuphatikizapo madokotala ndi anamwino, omwe ali mu ICU ali pomwepo kuti athandize wodwalayo, kupereka chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri, komanso kupereka chitonthozo panthawi yovutayi.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akufunika chithandizo cha ICU, musachite mantha. Mvetserani mosamala zomwe madokotala akunena, ndipo funsani mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo. Adzakuthandizani.

Chipinda Chosamalira Anthu Ambiri , ICU, Chipatala, Chisamaliro Chadzidzidzi, Thandizo la Moyo, Madokotala Apadera, Zipangizo Zachipatala