Olamulira ang'onoang'ono achinsinsi a matupi athu: Kodi tingolankhula za ma chromosome?

Moni! Muli bwanji? Lero tikambirana za chinthu chodabwitsa komanso chofunikira chomwe chili mkati mwa matupi athu, koma sitiganizira kwambiri za icho. Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake mtundu wa maso anu uli ngati wa amayi anu, kapena mtundu wa tsitsi lanu uli ngati wa abambo anu? Mwina wina wanenapo kuti kumwetulira kwanu kuli ngati kwa apongozi anu, sichoncho? Ma chromosome ndi chinthu cholumikizidwa ndi zonsezi, ndipo amapezeka m'mbali iliyonse yaying'ono ya matupi athu. Ngakhale dzinalo lingamveke ngati nkhani yayikulu, musadandaule, ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chingamveke mosavuta. Tiyeni tikambirane za icho lero, monga momwe timalankhulira ndi mnzanu.

Kodi maselo amenewa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Tiyeni tiyambe pamenepo!

Taganizirani thupi lanu lonse ngati nyumba yayikulu komanso yokongola. Nyumba iyi yapangidwa ndi njerwa zing'onozing'ono mabiliyoni ambiri. Sitingathe kuona njerwa iliyonse yokha, koma tikaigwirizanitsa, timatha kupanga nyumba yayikulu. Mofananamo, matupi athu amapangidwa ndi zigawo zazing'ono, zosaoneka. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha maselo . Maselo awa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kotero kuti timafunikira chida chapadera, maikulosikopu, kuti tiwaone.

Maselo amenewa amapezeka pakhungu lathu, mumtima, muubongo , m'maso, ndi kulikonse m'thupi lathu. Zili ngati chipinda chilichonse ndi khoma m'nyumba zimapangidwa ndi njerwa. Selo lililonse lili ndi ntchito yakeyake. Maselo ena amasonkhana kuti apange khungu, ndipo ena amasonkhana kuti apange mtima . Kodi sizodabwitsa?

Ndiye kodi ma chromosome amenewa ali kuti? Amawoneka bwanji?

Chabwino, tsopano tikudziwa za maselo. Ndinkatanthauza ziwalo zazing'ono za thupi lathu, zonga njerwa. Mkati mwa selo lililonse, muli malo ofunikira kwambiri, monga kabati kakang'ono kapena malo osungiramo zinthu m'chipinda chaching'ono. Ndicho chimene mwasayansi timachitcha kuti nucleus . Mwachidule, ndi malo olamulira a selo. Mkati mwa nucleus imeneyo, ma chromosome amenewa amasungidwa.

Kodi mukudziwa momwe izi zimaonekera? Zili ngati ulusi wautali, wofanana ndi ulusi . Tangoganizirani mipira yambiri yokongola kwambiri ya ulusi, yonse yolumikizidwa pamodzi, yokonzedwa bwino. Koma kodi izi si ulusi wongolumikizana? Mkati mwa izi muli mndandanda wazidziwitso ndi malangizo ofunika kwambiri omwe ali ofunikira pa moyo wathu wonse, kwa ife.

Kodi majini omwe ali mkati mwa ma chromosome ndi ati?

Tsopano tikudziwa kuti ma chromosome ali ngati ulusi mkati mwa maselo. Mukayang'ana chromosome imodzi, muli mazana, nthawi zina zikwi, zofunika kwambiri, zigawo zazing'ono mkati mwake. Zigawo zazing'ono zimenezo ndi zomwe timazitcha majini .

Mwachidule, ngati chromosome ndi buku lalikulu, majini ali ngati mitu, kapena ziganizo, kapena mawu m'buku limenelo. Jini iliyonse ili ndi malangizo apadera, kapena uthenga, kapena chidziwitso cholembedwa cha thupi lathu.

Ganizirani majini ngati njira yophikira chakudya chokoma. Jini imodzi imakuuzani mtundu wa maso anu, ina imakuuzani ngati tsitsi lanu liyenera kukhala lolunjika kapena lopindika, ndipo ina imakuuzani kutalika komwe muyenera kukhala. Pali malangizo ambirimbiri ngati awa mkati mwa majini awa.

Nanga n’chiyani chimachitikira majini amenewa? N’chifukwa chiyani timawafunikira?

Majini amenewa ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatipanga kukhala 'ife'. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makhalidwe athu ambiri a thupi amatsimikiziridwa ndi malangizo omwe timalandira kuchokera ku majini amenewa. Yang'anani zitsanzo izi:

• Mtundu wa maso anu (buluu, bulauni, wakuda, imvi).
• Mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka tsitsi lanu (lakuda, lofiirira, lofiirira; lolunjika, lozungulira, lopindika).
• Mtundu wa khungu lanu .
• Kaya ndinu wamtali kapena wamfupi nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa (ndithudi, zinthu monga zakudya zimakhudzidwanso, koma dongosolo loyambira ndi majini).
• Ngakhale zinthu zazing'ono monga ngati ma plug anu a m'makutu ali ndi cholumikizira kapena ayi .
• Chiwopsezo chanu cha matenda ena, kutanthauza kuti, muli ndi mwayi woti matenda ena ayambe.

Zinthu zambiri ngati izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi malangizo omwe timalandira kuchokera ku majini athu. Monga mapulogalamu apakompyuta, majini awa amauza matupi athu momwe angakhalire ndi momwe angachitire ntchito iliyonse.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kuti mnzanu Kasun ali ndi maso ofiirira ngati amayi ake. Izi zili choncho chifukwa Kasun walandira majini a maso ofiirira kuchokera kwa amayi ake. Komabe, tsitsi la Kasun likhoza kukhala lakuda komanso lopota ngati la abambo ake. Izi zili choncho chifukwa analandira majini a maso ofiirira kuchokera kwa abambo ake. Umu ndi momwe tonsefe timatengera makhalidwe a makolo athu.

Kodi tili ndi ma chromosome angati? Kodi amachokera kuti?

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, selo lililonse mwa munthu wathanzi (kupatula mitundu ina yapadera ya maselo, mwachitsanzo, maselo ogonana) limakhala ndi ma chromosome 23 awiriawiri . Peyala imodzi imatanthauza kuti pali awiriawiri. Choncho mukawaphatikiza onse, pali ma chromosome 46 .

Tangoganizirani muli ndi nsapato zokongola 23. Mu nsapato iliyonse, imodzi imachokera kwa amayi anu ndipo inayo imachokera kwa abambo anu. N'zosavuta kwambiri, sichoncho?

Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mwa ma chromosome 46 omwe mumapeza, theka lenileni, ndiko kuti, 23, amachokera kwa amayi anu okondedwa . Hafu inayo, ndiko kuti, ma chromosome ena 23, amachokera kwa abambo anu okondedwa . Izi zimachitika tikabadwa, ndiko kuti, selo la dzira kuchokera kwa amayi athu ndi selo la umuna kuchokera kwa abambo athu (Pa nthawi yosonkhanitsa maselo a umuna .

Ichi ndi kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri mwachilengedwe. Mwanjira imeneyi, timalandira ma chromosome omwe ali ndi majini kuchokera kwa amayi ndi abambo athu, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina timafanana ndi amayi athu, nthawi zina ngati abambo athu, ndipo nthawi zina timafanana ndi onse awiri. Nthawi zina timafanana ndi agogo athu, chifukwa majini amenewo aperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo .

Ma chromosome 46 awa amapezeka m'thupi lanu mukabadwa, ndipo amakhala nanu moyo wanu wonse, kuyambira muli khanda, mpaka muli wamng'ono, mpaka mukakalamba. Ndiwo omwe amatsogolera kukula ndi chitukuko cha thupi lanu, kuthandiza chilichonse kuyenda bwino.

Chisankho chakuti mwana ndi mtsikana kapena mnyamata chikugwirizananso ndi ma chromosome awa!

Tinanena kuti pali ma chromosome 23. Mwa awa, ma chromosome 22 ndi ofanana kwambiri mwa amuna ndi akazi. Awa ndi omwe amalamulira makhalidwe ena onse akuthupi (monga kutalika, mtundu wa maso, ndi mtundu wa khungu).

Koma ma chromosome awiri omaliza, kapena a 23, ndi apadera pang'ono. Ma chromosome awiriwa ndi apadera kwambiri. Awiriwa ndi omwe amatsimikiza ngati munthu ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madokotala nthawi zina amatcha awa ma chromosome ogonana .

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma chromosome ogonana awa: Limodzi limatchedwa chromosome ya 'X' , ndipo linalo limatchedwa chromosome ya 'Y' .

• Ngati ndi mtsikana , ali ndi ma chromosome awiri a X. Ndicho chimene timatcha XX . Pa ma chromosome awiriwa a X, limodzi limachokera kwa mayi ndipo lina limachokera kwa bambo.
• Ngati ndi mnyamata , ali ndi chromosome imodzi ya X ndi chromosome imodzi ya Y. Ndicho chimene timachitcha XY . Pankhaniyi, chromosome ya X imachokera kwa mayi ndipo chromosome ya Y imachokera kwa bambo.

Kodi mwawona? Kugonana kwa mwana kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chromosome (X kapena Y) yomwe bambo amalandira. Chifukwa mayi amatha kungopatsa mwana wake chromosome X. Bambo akhoza kupereka X kapena Y. Choncho ngati bambo alandira Y, ndi mnyamata, ndipo ngati bambo alandira X, ndi mtsikana. Kodi izi sizosangalatsanso?

Kodi ma chromosome amenewa ndi ofunikira kwa ife ngakhale titabadwa?

Inde, ndithudi! Ngakhale mutabadwa, ma chromosome 46 awa amapitiriza kugwira ntchito mkati mwa thupi lanu, pafupifupi mu selo lililonse. Mumakula pang'onopang'ono kuyambira muli ana, kutalika kwanu kumawonjezeka, thupi lanu limasintha, misomali ndi tsitsi lanu zimakula, ndipo mukalandira bala, limachira, zonsezi zimatsogoleredwa ndi majini omwe ali mkati mwa ma chromosome amenewo.

Ali ngati pulani yogwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba . Matupi athu amapitiriza kukula, kukonza, ndi kudzisamalira tsiku ndi tsiku malinga ndi pulaniyo. Chidziwitso chomwe chili mu ma chromosome awa ndi chomwe chimapangitsa maselo atsopano m'thupi lathu kukula.

Nthawi zina, kawirikawiri, ma chromosome amenewa amatha kukhala ndi kusintha kwina, kusowa, kapena kuwonjezera zina. Apa ndi pamene matenda enaake a majini , monga Down Syndrome , amachitika. Chifukwa chake, kukhala ndi ma chromosome awa mu nambala yoyenera (ndiye, 46) komanso motsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi lathu.

Koma palibe chifukwa choopa zinthu zotere nthawi zonse. Chifukwa nthawi zambiri, njira yovutayi imachitika molondola komanso mwanjira yodabwitsa. Sikungakhale kulakwitsa kunena kuti ichi ndi chilengedwe chodabwitsa.

Ndiye, kodi uthenga wotani womwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera mu nkhaniyi?

Chabwino, lero takambirana zambiri za ma chromosome, sichoncho? Ndikuganiza kuti muli ndi lingaliro labwino tsopano. Mwachidule, nazi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira:

• Ma chromosome ndi ang'onoang'ono, ofanana ndi ulusi, koma amphamvu kwambiri omwe amapezeka mkati mwa selo lililonse m'thupi lathu.
• Ma chromosome amenewa ali ndi majini ambirimbiri. Majini amenewa amatsimikizira makhalidwe ambiri akuthupi, monga mtundu wa maso athu, kapangidwe ka tsitsi lathu, ndi kutalika kwa thupi lathu.
• Tonsefe tili ndi ma chromosome 46 m'maselo athu, kapena ma peya 23. Timapeza theka la izi (23) kuchokera kwa amayi athu ndi theka lina (23) kuchokera kwa abambo athu.
• Kaya ndife akazi (XX) kapena amuna (XY) zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma chromosome awiri apadera awa, ma chromosome ogonana.
• Ma chromosome amenewa amapitirizabe kutsogolera kukula, kukonzanso, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ngakhale titabadwa.

Ma chromosome ndi zinthu zazing'ono zodabwitsa zomwe zimatipanga kukhala 'ife', kapangidwe ka thupi lathu, komanso umunthu wathu. Kudziwa za iwo sikungokuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe matupi athu alili ovuta komanso opangidwa modabwitsa, komanso kudzakuthandizani kusamalira thanzi lanu!

Kotero, nthawi ina mukadzadziyang'ana pagalasi, kuyang'ana maso anu, tsitsi lanu, mtundu wa khungu lanu, ganizirani za kumwetulira kwanu, kumbukirani kuti kumbuyo kwa zonsezi kuli ma chromosome ang'onoang'ono omwe mudalandira kwa amayi ndi abambo anu, omwe amalembedwa ndi umunthu wanu. Kodi si chinthu chapadera kwambiri?

Ma chromosome, Majini, Maselo, Cholowa, Makhalidwe Athupi, Majini, Thanzi