Nthawi zina makolo amachita mantha kwambiri akaona zizindikiro zina mwa mwana wakhanda. Mwanayo sakudya bwino, sakulemera, kapena mwadzidzidzi akuchita zinthu mwanjira yachilendo. Choyambitsa zinthu zoterechi chingakhale 'Matenda Obadwa Nawo a Kagayidwe ka Thupi', omwe palibe aliyense wa ife amene adamvapo. Musachite mantha mukamva dzinali. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yovuta pang'ono, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule.
Mwachidule, kodi njira imeneyi ya kagayidwe kachakudya ndi chiyani?
Taganizirani thupi lathu ngati fakitale yayikulu. Zinthu zomwe timadya ndi kumwa ( chakudya , mapuloteni , mafuta ) ndi zinthu zopangira fakitale iyi. Njira yovuta ya mankhwala yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira izi popanga mphamvu zomwe thupi limafunikira, kutulutsa zinthu zosafunikira ngati zinyalala, ndikupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi zomwe timatcha kagayidwe kachakudya .
Mu fakitale iyi muli 'antchito' kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino. Timatcha ma enzyme ogwira ntchitowa. Enzyme iliyonse ili ndi ntchito imodzi yokha. Imodzi imaswa shuga , ina imaswa mapuloteni, ndipo ina imachotsa poizoni .
'Kulakwitsa kobadwa nako kagayidwe kachakudya' kumatanthauza kuti m'modzi mwa 'ogwira ntchito' (ma enzyme) mufakitale iyi sakugwira ntchito bwino, kapena kuti wantchitoyo sanabadwe nayo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha cholakwika mu 'pulani' ya majini yomwe imafunika kuti enzyme imeneyo ipange.
Izi zili ngati kutaya wantchito m'modzi pa mzere wolumikizira. Kaya chinthu chofunikira sichipangidwa, kapena chosafunikira, zinthu zapoizoni zimasonkhana ndipo mavuto amayamba.
Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda amenewa?
Matenda ambiriwa amayamba chifukwa cha majini . Mwachidule, kuti mwana akhale ndi matenda otere, ayenera kulandira makope awiri a jini lolakwika - limodzi kuchokera kwa amayi ake ndi limodzi kuchokera kwa abambo ake.
Nthawi zambiri, makolo onse awiri ndi omwe ali ndi jini yolakwika iyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi jini yolakwika komanso jini yathanzi m'thupi lawo. Chifukwa cha jini yathanzi, samakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse.
Komabe, ngati mwana alandira jini yolakwika yomweyi kuchokera kwa mayi ndi bambo, thupi la mwanayo silipanga enzyme yoyenera. Pamenepo ndi pamene matendawa amachitika. Izi si vuto la aliyense, ndi chinthu chomwe chimabadwa nacho.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya matenda yomwe ilipo?
Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya matenda amenewa. Iliyonse ili ndi zizindikiro zakezake. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ingapo yomwe imakambidwa kwambiri.
| Gulu la matenda ndi zitsanzo | Mwachidule, chimachitika n’chiyani? |
|---|---|
| Matenda Osungirako a Lysosomal Mwachitsanzo: Hurler syndrome, matenda a Tay-Sachs, matenda a Gaucher | Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma enzyme mu 'lysosomes', omwe amawononga zinyalala mkati mwa maselo, poizoni amasonkhana. Izi zingayambitse zinthu monga kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi kupunduka kwa mafupa. |
| Galactosemia | Mwana sangathe kugaya shuga wotchedwa 'galactose' womwe umapezeka mu mkaka. Akamwa mkaka wa m'mawere kapena mkaka wa mkaka, zizindikiro monga kusanza ndi jaundice zimatha kuwoneka. |
| Matenda a Mkodzo wa Maple Syrup | Kuchulukana kwa ma amino acid ena m'thupi kumawononga dongosolo la mitsempha. Mkodzo wa mwana umanunkhira bwino, ngati madzi a mapulo. |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | Amino acid yotchedwa 'phenylalanine' imasonkhana m'magazi. Ngati siidazindikiridwe ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, ingakhudze kukula kwa nzeru. |
| Matenda a Metabolism a Zitsulo Mwachitsanzo: Matenda a Wilson, Hemochromatosis | Zolakwika zomwe zili mu mapuloteni omwe amalamulira zitsulo monga mkuwa ndi chitsulo zomwe thupi limafunikira zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'thupi. |
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro zimasiyana kwambiri. Zimatengera ndi enzyme iti yomwe ikusowa komanso kagayidwe kachakudya komwe kakusokonekera. Matenda ena amasonyeza zizindikiro mkati mwa milungu ingapo kuchokera pamene mwana wabadwa. Ena angatenge zaka zambiri kuti ayambe kukula.
Nazi zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino:
- Kutopa ndi kugona: Mwana amakhala wotopa nthawi zonse komanso wopanda moyo.
- Kusowa chilakolako cha kudya kapena kumwa mkaka: Kusowa chilakolako chodya kapena kumwa mkaka.
- Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kusanza: Kusanza pafupipafupi.
- Kuchepetsa thupi kapena kusawonjezera thupi: Kulemera sikoyenera malinga ndi msinkhu.
- Jaundice: Maso ndi khungu zimasanduka zachikasu.
- Kuchedwa kukula: Zinthu monga kumwetulira, kukweza mutu wawo, ndi kuyenda zimachitika mochedwa kuposa ana ena.
- Kugwidwa ndi khunyu: Zinthu zofanana ndi khunyu zimachitika.
- Fungo losazolowereka lochokera ku mkodzo, thukuta, kapena mpweya.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musachite mantha ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikirozi. Koma ngati zinthu zingapo zikupitirira, pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga.
Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji ndipo amachiritsidwa bwanji?
Kuzindikira matendawa
M'mayiko ena otukuka, khanda lililonse lobadwa kumene limayesedwa matenda angapo otere (Kuwunika Makanda Obadwa Mwatsopano). Zipatala zina ku Sri Lanka zimawunikanso matenda angapo otere.
Ngati dokotala akukayikira izi pambuyo poti zizindikiro zayamba kuonekera, adzatumiza wodwalayo kuti akapimidwe magazi apadera komanso kuti akapimidwe DNA. Izi ndi njira zokhazo zotsimikizira matendawa molondola.
Njira zochizira
Ukadaulo sunapite patsogolo kuti uchiritse kwathunthu vuto la majini lomwe limayambitsa matendawa. Komabe, pali njira zambiri zothandizira zomwe zingathandize kuthana ndi matendawa ndikuthandiza mwana kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
Pali zolinga zitatu zazikulu za chithandizo:
- Kuletsa zakudya zomwe thupi silingathe kuzigaya: Mwachitsanzo, mwana yemwe ali ndi PKU amapatsidwa zakudya zapadera zomwe zimaletsa zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri.
- Chithandizo Chosintha Ma Enzyme: Pa matenda ena, ma enzyme amaperekedwa ngati katemera wobwezeretsa machitidwe a thupi.
- Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi:Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena njira zapadera, mankhwala owopsa omwe asonkhana m'thupi amachotsedwa.
Ndi bwino kuti mwana kapena wamkulu amene ali ndi vutoli akapeze chithandizo kuchipatala chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino pankhaniyi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala molondola.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- 'Matenda obadwa nawo a kagayidwe kachakudya' ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha majini. Si vuto la makolo konse.
- Ngakhale kuti matenda amenewa ndi osowa kwambiri paokhapaokha, si osowa kwambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito onse.
- Ngati mwana wanu akupitirizabe kuchedwa kukula, mavuto a kudya, kapena zizindikiro zina zachilendo, musawanyalanyaze. Funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Matenda ambiriwa amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino powazindikira msanga, kulandira chithandizo choyenera, komanso kuwongolera zakudya.
- Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, njira zatsopano komanso zothandiza kwambiri zochiritsira matenda amenewa (monga chithandizo cha majini) zitha kupezeka mtsogolo.
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