Kodi mukudziwa za matenda osowa awa a muubongo otchedwa PML? (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - PML)

Kodi inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa adakumanapo ndi dzanzi m'thupi mwanu, kuvutika kuyenda, kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa umunthu? Ngakhale izi zingawoneke ngati zinthu wamba, nthawi zina pangakhale chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa izi. Lero tikambirana za matenda amodzi osowa kwambiri, koma oopsa kwambiri muubongo. Izi zimatchedwa Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy , kapena PML mwachidule.

Mwachidule, kodi PML ndi chiyani?

PML ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso osowa omwe amakhudza ubongo wathu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti mphamvu ya thupi lathu yolimbana ndi matenda, kutanthauza chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi yofooka kwambiri.

Tsopano taonani, ubongo wathu uli ndi chophimba choteteza kuzungulira maselo a mitsempha. Uli ngati chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chozungulira waya wamagetsi. Timachitcha ichi kuti myelin . Chivundikiro cha myelin ichi chimathandiza mauthenga kuyenda m'mitsempha mwachangu komanso molondola. PML ikachitika, chivundikiro cha myelin ichi chimawonongeka. Zili ngati chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chomwe chili pa wayayo chimasungunuka. Kenako mauthenga omwe ali muubongo samayenda bwino, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto poyenda, kuganiza, ndi kumva.

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo kotchedwa JC virus . Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pafupifupi 85% ya akuluakulu amakhala ndi kachilomboka m'thupi lawo popanda vuto lililonse. Malinga ngati chitetezo chathu chamthupi chili champhamvu, kachilomboka kamakhala chete. Koma ngati chitetezo chathu chamthupi chafooka kwambiri, kachilomboka mwadzidzidzi kamayamba kugwira ntchito ndikuyamba kuukira ubongo.

Kodi zizindikiro za PML ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za PML zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi komwe ubongo uli. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi zomaliza za matendawa.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhudza munthu m'modzi pa anthu 200,000. Koma anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali.

• Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS: Chifukwa matendawa amaukira mwachindunji chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Odwala ena a khansa: Makamaka omwe ali ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansa ya m'magazi.
• Odwala oikidwa ziwalo: Pamene chiwalo (monga impso kapena chiwindi) chaikidwa kuchokera kwa munthu wina, amapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti thupi lisakane. Anthuwa alinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala omwe amasintha kapena kupondereza chitetezo chamthupi: Pali matenda ena omwe chitetezo chamthupi chathu chimaukira thupi lathu. Zitsanzo zake ndi matenda monga multiple sclerosis, matenda a Crohn, rheumatoid arthritis, ndi lupus. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa angapangitse kuti munthu adwale matenda a PML.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji matendawa molondola?

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi PML kutengera zizindikiro zanu, adzakulangizani kuti muyesedwe kangapo.

1. Kujambula kwa MRI:Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoyezera. Makina a MRI amatha kujambula zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zatsatanetsatane za ubongo. Amatha kuona bwino madera (zilonda) komwe myelin muubongo yawonongeka ndi PML.

2. Kuboola Pakhosi: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa singano yopyapyala kwambiri kumbuyo kwa khosi ndikutenga chitsanzo cha madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi ubongo ndi msana (cerebrospinal fluid). Madzi awa akhoza kuyesedwa kuti awone ngati kachilombo ka JC kalipo.

3. Kufufuza za Ubongo: Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo pokhapokha ngati mayeso ena sakukwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, kachidutswa kakang'ono kwambiri ka minofu kamachotsedwa muubongo ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu.

Kodi PML imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chofunika kwambiri pochiza PML ndi kuchiza matenda omwe adapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chanu chifooke.

• Tiyerekeze kuti mwayamba PML chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV (mankhwala oletsa kachilombo ka HIV) moyenera ndikumanganso chitetezo chanu cha mthupi.
• Ngati mwayamba PML chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti musankhe ngati musiye kapena kusintha mankhwalawo.
• Nthawi zina, mankhwala otchedwa plasma exchange amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi m'magazi. Izi zimapatsa chitetezo chamthupi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kachilombo ka JC kachiwiri.

Kafukufuku akupitilirabe pa mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi kachilombo ka JC, koma palibe mankhwala ogwira ntchito omwe apezeka.

Mwatsoka, chinthu choyera, kapena myelin, cha ubongo chomwe chimawonongedwa ndi kachilomboka sichimabwereranso. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale matendawa atatha, zizindikiro zina (monga dzanzi, kuiwala) zimatha kukhalabe kwa moyo wonse. Izi zikufanana ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za sitiroko.