Kodi mukudziwa za khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono? Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane!

Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe simumva kawirikawiri, koma angakhale ofunikira kwambiri. Ndi khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Mwina simukudziwa zambiri za izi. Koma palibe vuto, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Khansa ya M'mimba Yaing'ono ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, Khansa ya M'matumbo Ang'onoang'ono ndi kukula kwa maselo a khansa m'matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono, kapena chomwe timachitcha " matumbo ang'onoang'ono ". Kodi mukudziwa kuti matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lathu logaya chakudya ? Dongosololi limaphatikizaponso ziwalo zina zambiri, monga chiwindi ndi kapamba . Matumbo ang'onoang'ono amapezeka m'matumbo athu a m'mimba (GI) . Ndiko kuti, amapezeka panjira yochokera pakamwa, kudzera mu mkodzo, kupita m'mimba, kenako kupita kumatumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita kumatumbo akulu (colon). Kunena zoona, mimba ndi matumbo akulu zimalumikizidwa ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono awa. Pali magawo atatu akuluakulu a matumbo ang'onoang'ono:

• Duodenum : Iyi ndi gawo loyamba lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndi mimba.
• Jejunum: Iyi ndi gawo lapakati la matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
• Ileum: Iyi ndi gawo lomaliza komanso lalitali kwambiri la matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Khansa zambiri za m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono zimapezeka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kapena m'chifuwa.

Kodi khansa imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi vuto losowa kwambiri . Malinga ndi deta ya ku America, khansa yamtunduwu imapanga pafupifupi 3% ya khansa zonse zomwe zili m'mimba. Khansa ya m'matumbo , khansa ya m'matumbo, khansa ya m'mero, ndi khansa ya m'mimba ndizofala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuganiza kuti izi ndi zochepa pang'ono.

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi iti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa yomwe imapezeka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimagawidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe khansa imayambira.

• Matenda a carcinoid: Izi zimayambira m'maselo anu a neuroendocrine . Maselo amenewa amathandiza thupi lanu kupanga mahomoni ndikuwongolera kutulutsa kwa madzi m'mimba m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Matenda a carcinoid ndi omwe amachititsa pafupifupi theka la khansa zonse za m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
• Adenocarcinomas: Izi zimayambira m'maselo a glandular omwe ali padenga la matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Ndiwo omwe amapanga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansa yonse ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
• Sarcomas: Izi zimayambira mu cartilage.kapena minofu yolumikizana monga minofu. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa sarcoma womwe umakhudza matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi chotupa cha m'mimba (GIST) . Poyamba unkatchedwa leiomyosarcoma.
• Lymphoma: Izi zimayambira m'maselo otchedwa lymphocytes . Lymphocytes ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amapezeka m'thupi lanu. Dongosolo la lymphatic ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Limathandiza thupi kumenyana ndi maselo owopsa ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa iyi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono zimatha kusiyana. Zimatengera mtundu wa chotupa ndi komwe chili. Nthawi zina, zotupa zimatha kukhalapo koma sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse (zosawonetsa zizindikiro) . Mwachitsanzo, zotupa za carcinoid nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa zizindikiro. Nthawi zina zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyezetsa matenda ena. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kupweteka m'mimba kapena kupweteka m'mimba.
• Chotupa m'mimba chomwe chikumva ngati chikugwidwa m'dzanja.
• Kusanza, kusanza, ndi kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.
• Anemia ( kusowa kwa magazi).
• Jaundice ( kuoneka kwachikasu kwa maso kapena khungu).
• Chimbudzi chokhala ndi magazi (chingawoneke chofiira kapena chakuda m'chimbudzi).
• Khungu limafiira, makamaka manja ndi thupi lapamwamba, ndipo limasanduka lofiirira.

Kodi zimayambitsa khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi ziti?

Ziphuphu zoopsa za m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono zimakula pamene maselo a khansa amagawikana mofulumira ndikukula pamodzi kukhala gulu limodzi. Pakapita nthawi, maselo a khansa awa amatha kuchoka pa chotupa choyambirira ndikuyenda kudzera m'maselo a lymph kapena magazi kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi, komwe angapange chotupa chatsopano (chotupa chachiwiri). Njirayi imatchedwa metastasis . Maselo a khansa amakula chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini . Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kumachitika mu DNA ya selo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti selo ligawikane mosalamulirika. Ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa kusinthaku.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi?

Choopsa ndi chilichonse chomwe chimawonjezera mwayi wopeza matenda. Komabe, kukhala ndi choopsa sikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi khansa. Mofananamo, kusakhala ndi zinthu zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Pali zinthu zingapo zoopsa zomwe zingakhudze khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono:

• Zaka: Chiwopsezo cha mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba. Avereji ya zaka zomwe munthu amazindikira matendawa ndi pafupifupi zaka 65.
• Jenda: Amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa iyi.
• Mtundu: Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku United States, matendawa ndi ofala pang'ono pakati pa anthu akuda, pomwe lymphoma ndi yofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu oyera.
• Matenda a majini: Ngati makolo anu, abale anu, kapena ana anu ali ndi matenda enaake, inunso mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis - FAP) , (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) , (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer - HNPCC) , ndi (Lynch syndrome) .
• Matenda otupa: Matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa matumbo kwa nthawi yayitali, monga matenda a Crohn ndi matenda a Celiac , amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo.
• Matenda a autoimmune kapena chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Matenda omwe amafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi, monga HIV/AIDS , matenda a Crohn , ndi matenda a Celiac, angakulitse chiopsezo chanu. Komanso, mankhwala monga radiation therapy amatha kufooketsa chitetezo chamthupi, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo chamthupi pambuyo poika chiwalo china amathanso kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu.

Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti zakudya (zakudya zokhala ndi mchere wambiri kapena zosuta fodya ndi nyama yofiira), kugwiritsa ntchito fodya, ndi kumwa mowa zingakhudzenso chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi chilichonse mwa zinthuzi zoopsa, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala .

Kodi khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono imapezeka bwanji?

Khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ingakhale yovuta kuizindikira chifukwa ndi yosowa kwambiri. Komanso, zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chotupa. Mungafunike kuyesedwa kwambiri ndi njira zina musanapeze matenda.

Kuyezetsa thupi ndi mbiri yachipatala

Dokotala adzakuyang'anirani, adzakuyang'anirani thanzi lanu lonse, adzakuyang'anirani zizindikiro za matenda, ndikufunsani za matenda anu akale, mankhwala, ndi zizolowezi zanu zaumoyo.

Kuyezetsa magazi

• Maphunziro a chemistry ya magazi: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi kuchokera ku ziwalo ndi minofu. Ngati pali kuchuluka kosazolowereka (kokwera kapena kochepa) kwa chinthu, kungasonyeze matenda m'chiwalo kapena minofu yomwe imapanga chinthucho. Mwachitsanzo, mayeso a chiwindi angachitike kuti awone ngati khansa yafalikira ku chiwindi.
• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC): Kuyeza kumeneku kumapatsa dokotala wanu chidziwitso chokhudza maselo m'magazi mwanu. Zilonda za m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono zingayambitse kutuluka magazi, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Kujambula

• Endoscopy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana mkati mwa njira ya m'mimba (GI) pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chopyapyala, chofanana ndi chubu (endoscope). Chubuchi chili ndi kuwala ndi kamera.Pa opaleshoni ya pamwamba, dokotala amaika endoscope kudzera pakamwa ndikuyang'ana m'mero, m'mimba, ndi gawo loyamba la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (duodenum). Endoscope yapadera yotchedwa double-balloon enteroscopy imatha kuyang'ana mkati mwa matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Pa opaleshoni ya endoscope, dokotalayo amatha kutenga zitsanzo za minofu ( biopsies ) ndikuzitumiza kuti zikayesedwe. Kenako amawunikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda.
• Kapisozi endoscopy (kamera ya mapiritsi): Izi zimaphatikizapo kumeza kapisozi yokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono. Pamene kapisoziyo ikudutsa m'thupi, imajambula zithunzi za njira ya m'mimba. Zithunzizi zitha kutsitsidwa pakompyuta ndikuwonedwa ndi dokotala. Ngakhale dzinalo lingakhale losokoneza pang'ono, njirayi sigwiritsa ntchito endoscope.
• Kujambula kwa CT (CT scan - CAT scan): Iyi ndi njira yomwe imatenga zithunzi zambiri zamkati mwa thupi kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana. Zithunzi izi zimawonetsedwa pa kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a X-ray. Nthawi zina utoto ungalowe m'mitsempha kapena kupatsidwa kuti amwe. Izi zimathandiza kuti ziwalo kapena minofu ziwonekere bwino.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti apange zithunzi zambiri zamkati mwa thupi. Ngakhale kuti MRI ndi CT scan zonse zimapereka chidziwitso chofanana cha momwe chotupa chikukhudzira minofu yofewa, CT scan nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
• X-ray ya m'mimba: X-ray ya ziwalo zomwe zili m'mimba. X-ray ndi kuwala kwa mphamvu komwe kumadutsa m'thupi ndipo kumaonekera pa filimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha mkati mwa thupi.
• X-ray ya Barium: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupaka GI tract yanu ndi choko chotchedwa barium. Barium imapangitsa GI tract kuonekera pa X-ray. Mu upper GI series , zithunzi zingapo za X-ray zimatengedwa pamene barium ikudutsa mu GI tract (m'mero, m'mimba, m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono). Mu lower GI series (barium enema) , barium yamadzimadzi imayikidwa mu rectum. Zithunzi za X-ray zimatengedwa pamene barium imaphimba GI tract ya pansi.

Opaleshoni

Ngati mayeso ena sapereka chidziwitso chokwanira kuti adziwe matenda, dokotala wanu angasankhe kuchita opaleshoni. Njirazi zimathandiza dokotala wanu kufufuza ziwalo zanu mwachindunji. Ngati pali minofu yokayikitsa, biopsy imatengedwa kuti ione ngati pali zizindikiro za khansa. Opaleshoni ingachitike kuti:

• Laparoscopy: Mu njira imeneyi, chubu chopyapyala, chofanana ndi telesikopu (laparoscope) chimayikidwa kudzera m'mabala ang'onoang'ono amodzi kapena angapo m'mimba. Laparoscope imalola dokotala kuwona ziwalo zam'mimba ngati zizindikiro za khansa.
• Laparotomy: Kuchotsa opaleshoni ya laparotomy:Pa izi, dokotala amadula khoma la m'mimba ndikuyang'ana ziwalo za m'mimba kuti aone ngati pali zizindikiro za khansa.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi ati?

Gawo la khansa limakuuzani kukula kwa chotupacho, komwe chili, komanso ngati chafalikira (chomwe chafalikira). Mayeso ndi njira zomwe zimazindikira gawo la khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri zimachitika panthawi yodziwira matendawa. Mtundu wa khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono yomwe muli nayo (chotupa cha carcinoid, adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, kapena lymphoma) ndi womwe umatsimikizira njira yoyezera matenda yomwe dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo chomwe mumalandira chimadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, gawo lake, komwe chotupacho chili, komanso mawonekedwe a maselo omwe ali mkati mwa chotupacho. Zomwe mumakonda zimakhudzanso zisankho za chithandizo.

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yothandizira khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Opaleshoni ingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchotsa chiwalo chonse kapena gawo lake komwe khansa ili. Ngati khansa yafalikira, dokotala angachotse ziwalo za m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi ziwalo zapafupi. Kenako, anastomosis (kulumikizanso malekezero odulidwa a m'matumbo) ingachitike. Ma lymph nodes omwe ali pafupi ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono angachotsedwenso ndikuwunika kuti awone ngati khansa yafalikira.
• Kudutsa: Ngati pali chotupa chomwe chikutseka matumbo koma sichingachotsedwe, opaleshoni yolola chakudya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kudutsa chotupacho.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa. Amapha maselowo kapena kuwaletsa kugawikana. Kutengera ndi chithandizo cha chemotherapy, mankhwalawa amatha kukhudza maselo a khansa m'thupi linalake (regional chemotherapy) kapena kupha maselo a khansa m'thupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala a chemotherapy kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angakhalebe pambuyo pa opaleshoni (adjuvant therapy) . Ngati khansa yanu yafalikira (metastasized), mutha kupatsidwa mankhwala a chemotherapy.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Chithandizo cha radiation ndi kugwiritsa ntchito X-ray yamphamvu kwambiri kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kukula. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo cha radiation ngati khansa yanu singachotsedwe ndi opaleshoni. Chithandizo cha radiation chingaperekedwenso ngati gawo la chisamaliro chochepetsa zizindikiro. Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha radiation chimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chemotherapy (chemoradiation therapy) kuti iphe maselo ena otsala a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Ma analogue a Somatostatin

Dokotalayo amachiritsa zotupa za carcinoid m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito ma somatostatin analogs.Mankhwalawa amaletsa thupi lanu kupanga mahomoni ambiri. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuwongolera matendawa. Zitsanzo za mankhwala awa ndi monga lanreotide ndi octreotide.

Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika pa ubwino wophatikiza chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Chithandizo cholunjika

Mankhwala ochiritsira omwe ali ndi cholinga chofuna kuchiza matenda amagwira ntchito pozindikira zofooka zomwe zili m'maselo a khansa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zofookazo kuti ziwawononge. Ofufuza panopa akuphunzira njira zochiritsira zomwe zingathandize kuchiza adenocarcinomas, GISTs, ndi lymphomas.

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimagwira ntchito polimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi maselo a khansa. Chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimalimbana ndi maselo osadziwika bwino komanso owopsa monga majeremusi. Komabe, nthawi zina maselo a khansa amatha kupitirira chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi. Chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizizindikira mosavuta ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Kutengera mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini mu chotupa chanu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo cha immunotherapy.

Mayeso azachipatala

Mayeso azachipatala ndi maphunziro ofufuza ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka, ogwira ntchito, kapena abwino kuposa mankhwala wamba. Pakadali pano, mankhwala othandizira, mankhwala ochizira matenda, ndi chitetezo chamthupi akuphunziridwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati ndinu woyenera kuyesedwa kuchipatala.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha mankhwala a khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi chotani?

Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupulumuka kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, gawo lake, ndi komwe khansayo inayambira m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, 65% ya anthu omwe amapezeka ndi adenocarcinomas oyambirira amakhala ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu. Kuchuluka kumeneku n'kotsika kwambiri, pa 4%, kwa khansa yomaliza. Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupulumuka zaka zisanu chifukwa cha khansa yoyambirira ndi 95%, pomwe kwa khansa yomaliza ndi 42%.

Funsani dokotala wanu momwe zizindikiro za khansa yanu zimakhudzira thanzi lanu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Pa nthawi ngati iyi, mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri m'maganizo mwanu. Musachite mantha. Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu. Nazi mafunso ofunikira omwe mungafunse:

• Ndi mtundu wanji wa chotupa chomwe ndili nacho?
• Kodi khansa yanga ili pamlingo wotani?
• Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza mwayi wanga wochira?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi zoopsa ndi ubwino wa njira zimenezi ndi ziti?
• Kodi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndichire kuchokera ku dongosolo langa la chithandizo?
• Kodi ndi zotsatira zotani zomwe ndiyenera kuyembekezera kutengera khansa yanga, thanzi langa, komanso momwe ndimayankhira chithandizo?

Popeza khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi yosowa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa zotsatira zake komanso njira zochiritsira. Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza dongosolo lanu la chisamaliro komanso mwayi wopambana wa chithandizo. Khalani okonzeka kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mtundu wa chotupa chomwe muli nacho umakhudzira njira zanu zochiritsira. Kutengera khansa yanu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy kuti muchotse chotupa chanu ndikuchiletsa kufalikira.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi vuto lomwe silimamveka kawirikawiri, koma liyenera kusamalidwa.

• Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri , koma ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati zizindikiro zayamba.
• Dziwani zizindikiro monga kupweteka m'mimba, kuchepa thupi kosaneneka, ndi ndowe zamagazi.
• Ngati muli ndi zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni mavuto , lankhulani ndi dokotala ndipo muyezedwe bwino.
• Pali mayeso osiyanasiyana oyezetsa matenda . Musadandaule, madokotala adzakuthandizani.
• Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira , kutengera vuto lanu.
• Ngati zapezeka msanga, mwayi wochira umakhala waukulu.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena mantha pa izi, musavutike nokha, koma lankhulani ndi dokotala wodalirika . Adzakupatsani malangizo ndi chithandizo chomwe mukufuna. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

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Khansa ya M'matumbo Ang'onoang'ono, Khansa, M'mimba, Zizindikiro, Chithandizo cha Khansa, M'matumbo, Khansa ya M'matumbo Ang'onoang'ono