Kodi mudamvapo kale mawu oti ' Stem Cells '? Mwina mudamvapo za izi kuchokera kwa dokotala, pa pulogalamu ya pa TV, kapena m'nkhani ya m'nyuzipepala. Ngakhale izi zingawoneke ngati nkhani yovuta, maselo oyambira awa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Lero, tikambirana za izi m'njira yosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.
Mwachidule, kodi maselo oyambira awa ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizirani kuti muli ndi zidutswa zambiri za Lego zamtundu womwewo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za Legozo kumanga nyumba, galimoto, sitima, chilichonse chomwe mukufuna. Maselo oyambira ali choncho.
Maselo oyambira ndi mtundu wa selo "loyambira" kapena "lalikulu" m'thupi lathu lomwe limatha kukhala mtundu wina uliwonse wa selo lapadera.
Mwachitsanzo, selo loyambira limatha kukhala selo la khungu, selo la ubongo (selo la mitsempha ), selo la minofu ya mtima, selo la mafupa , kapena selo la magazi. Komanso, maselo amenewa amatha kupanga maselo ambiri oyambira, ndiko kuti, amatha kugawa ndikupanga maselo ofanana nawo mobwerezabwereza. Luso lodabwitsa ili ndi chifukwa chake lakhala lofunika kwambiri mu zamankhwala.
Nanga, n’chifukwa chiyani maselo oyambira awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri?
Maselo amenewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa zamankhwala mtsogolo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo. Ndi ofunikira pazifukwa zitatu zazikulu.
1. Mankhwala ochiritsira pogwiritsa ntchito maselo: Tangoganizani munthu wadwala matenda a mtima ndipo gawo la mtima wake lafa ndi kufooka. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mtsogolomu, adzatha kugwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira kupanga maselo atsopano a mtima athanzi ndikuwayika m'malo owonongeka kuti abwezeretse mtima . Izi ndi zomwe timatcha mankhwala obwezeretsa . Njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale bwino pa matenda ena a magazi ndi khansa .
2. Kumvetsetsa momwe matenda amachitikira:Asayansi amatha kuwona selo loyambira, mwachitsanzo, likukula kukhala selo la mitsempha mu labu. Izi zimawathandiza kuphunzira zomwe zimachitika ku maselo a mitsempha m'matenda monga matenda a Parkinson kapena matenda a Alzheimer . Kumvetsetsa momwe matenda amakulira kungathandize kupeza chithandizo.
3. Kuyesa mankhwala atsopano: Mankhwala atsopano asanaperekedwe kwa anthu ndikuyesedwa, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, maselo apadera okhudzana ndi matendawa (monga maselo a kapamba a matenda a shuga) amatha kupangidwa mu labotale kuchokera ku maselo oyambira, ndipo mankhwala atsopano amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku maselo amenewo ndipo zotsatira zake zitha kuyesedwa.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo oyambira ndi iti?
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo oyambira. Tiyeni tiwone izi padera.
| Mtundu wa selo | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Maselo Oyambira a M'mimba | Izi zimapezeka kuchokera ku mazira oyambirira omwe aperekedwa, osagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa feteleza wa in vitro (IVF). Maselo awa ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa zokhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo m'thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchedwanso 'pluripotent' . Ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokonzanso minofu ndi ziwalo zomwe zawonongeka ndi matenda. |
| Maselo Oyambira Akuluakulu | Ngakhale kuti mayina awo ndi otani, maselo amenewa amapezeka m'matupi a makanda, ana, ndi akuluakulu. Sali osinthasintha ngati maselo a m'mimba. Mwachitsanzo, selo lalikulu la munthu pakhungu limangopanga maselo ambiri a khungu. Koma ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Maselo oyambira m'magazi a umbilical cord nawonso ali m'gululi. |
| Maselo Oyambira Omwe Amapangidwa ndi Pluripotent (iPSCs) | Uku ndiye kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa mu sayansi. Asayansi tsopano amatha kutenga selo la munthu wamkulu, monga khungu lanu, ndikusintha pang'ono majini mu labu, ndikulibwezeretsa kukhala selo loyambira la mluza 'lotheka'. Iyi ndi kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, chifukwa imapewa mavuto okhudzana ndi makhalidwe abwino okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mazira. |
Ndi mankhwala ati omwe akuchitidwa panopa pogwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira awa?
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti maselo oyambira amatha kuchiritsa matenda onse, koma zoona zake n’zosiyana.
Chithandizo cha maselo oyambira omwe amavomerezedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi kusamutsa mafupa . Izi zimaphatikizapo kusamutsa maselo oyambira omwe amapanga magazi. Izi zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku mafupa kapena magazi a umbilical cord.
Chithandizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa:
- Kwa khansa ya m'magazi: Mwachitsanzo, kwa matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi ndi lymphoma .
- Matenda ena okhudzana ndi magazi: Matenda monga sickle cell anemia .
- Kukonzanso mafuta a m'mafupa omwe awonongeka ndi mankhwala a khansa: Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa mafuta a m'mafupa omwe awonongeka ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mankhwala ambiri a maselo oyambira matenda ena (monga nyamakazi, matenda a shuga, Parkinson) akadali mu gawo lofufuza . Chifukwa chake, ngati mumva za chithandizo chotere kwinakwake, ndikofunikira kuganizira kawiri ndikulankhula ndi dokotala musanapange chisankho.
Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse ndi mankhwala awa?
Inde, monga mankhwala onse, pali zoopsa zina.
- Ngati maselo amenewa akukula mosalamulirika, pali kuthekera kwa kupanga zotupa za khansa .
- Kuwonongeka kwa majini kungachitike m'maselo omwe amakula mu labotale.
- Nthawi zina thupi limatha kuzindikira maselo atsopanowa ngati "achilendo" ndikuwakana (kuwaukira).
- Palinso zoopsa zina zokhudzana ndi njira (monga opaleshoni) zomwe zimasonkhanitsa kapena kulowetsa maselo m'thupi.
Mavuto pa kafukufuku wa maselo oyambira
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wokhudza maselo oyambira a akuluakulu wakhala akuchitika kwa zaka zambiri, kafukufuku wokhudza maselo oyambira a m'mimba anayamba mu 1998. Choncho pali zambiri zoti tidziwe zokhudza iwo.
Chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu ndi nkhani za makhalidwe abwino . Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza kutenga maselo kuchokera ku mazira, ndipo anthu ena sagwirizana ndi kafukufukuyu.
Vuto lina ndi vuto la kukula kwa maselo oyambira akuluakulu mu labu komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha zilema za majini. Ngakhale zili choncho, asayansi akuyesetsabe kuvumbula zinsinsi za maselo odabwitsa awa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Maselo oyambira ndi maselo "apamwamba" omwe amatha kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo m'thupi.
- Pakadali pano, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndipo zavomerezedwa makamaka poika mafupa a khansa ya m'magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi.
- Mankhwala a stem cell a matenda monga Parkinson's, matenda a shuga, ndi matenda a mtima akadali mu gawo lofufuza ndipo sakugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala wamba.
- Ngakhale mabungwe ena achinsinsi amanena kuti amapereka chithandizo chapamwamba pa kafukufuku, chitetezo chawo ndi kupambana kwawo sizingatsimikizidwe.
- Musanapange chisankho chokhudza chithandizo chilichonse cha maselo oyambira, onetsetsani kuti mwafunsana ndi dokotala wanu woyenerera ndikupempha upangiri woyenera.
Maselo oyambira, maselo oyambira, kafukufuku wa maselo oyambira, chithandizo cha maselo, kafukufuku wazachipatala, kusamutsa mafupa, kusamutsa mafupa, maselo oyambira a mluza, maselo oyambira a akuluakulu
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