Mukangoganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi autism, ndikofunikira kumuyesa. Nthawi zina zimatenga nthawi kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matendawa, choncho tiyeni tiphunzire njira zothandizira mwana wanu nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizo chikayamba msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Koma sizichedwa. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa mwana mmodzi sichingagwire ntchito kwa wina. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane za izi chimodzi ndi chimodzi.
Kodi kusewera kumathandiza mwana? (Play Therapy)
Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la autism spectrum disorder (ASD) nthawi zambiri amasewera mosiyana ndi ana ena. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muwapatsa galimoto yoseweretsa, m'malo moiyendetsa, angayang'ane mawilo ndikuizungulira. Sachitanso "zoseweretsa" zambiri monga ana ena, monga kudyetsa chidole kapena kuphika tiyi. Angakhalenso ndi mwayi wochepa wosewera ndi ena.
Koma, kwa ana awa, kusewera ndi njira yofotokozera maganizo awo ndi momwe akumvera. Zoseweretsa zawo ndi zochita zawo zimakhala mawu awo. Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito seweroli, tingawaphunzitse zinthu zatsopano mwanjira yomwe amamvetsetsa ndikuwathandiza kulumikizana ndi ena. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha Play Therapy .
Kusewera masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kukulitsa luso la mwana locheza ndi anthu komanso la maganizo, kuwaphunzitsa kuganiza mosiyana, komanso kuwonjezera luso la chilankhulo ndi kulankhulana.
Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira matenda a shuga:
- Nthawi Yogona Pansi: Izi zimaphatikizapo katswiri wa zamaganizo, mphunzitsi, kapena inuyo mutakhala pansi ndi mwanayo ndikusewera momwe mwanayo amasewera. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono muwonjezere china chatsopano ku seweroli (monga chidole china kapena mawu). Cholinga apa ndikumanga kulumikizana kwa mbali ziwiri pakati pa mwanayo ndi inu.
- Magulu Osewerera Ogwirizana (IPGs): Apa ndi pomwe ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi ana omwe alibe autism amasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi kuti apange magulu osewerera. Izi zimapatsa ana omwe ali ndi autism mwayi wophunzira momwe angasewerere poonera ndi kutsanzira ana ena.
- JASPER (Kuyang'anira Pamodzi Kugwirizana ndi Kusewera Mogwirizana): Njira iyi imathandiza mwana kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi poyang'anira chidole ndi munthu nthawi imodzi. Pamene 'kusamalana' kumeneku kukukula, kumakhala kosavuta kusewera ndi ana ena.
Chithandizo cha Occupational Therapy kuti chithandize ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku kukhala zosavuta
Chithandizo cha ntchito, kapena monga momwe tonse tikudziwira,Chithandizo cha Occupational Therapy (OT) ndi chithandizo chomwe chimathandiza mwana kuchita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku (monga kutseka shati, kugwira supuni moyenera) payekha. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo chilichonse kuyambira ntchito ya kusukulu mpaka kusewera. Chithandizochi chimapangidwa kutengera zosowa ndi zolinga za mwanayo.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi makolo, aphunzitsi, ndi akatswiri ena. Amathandiza kukhazikitsa zolinga zenizeni za momwe mwana amakhalira ndi anthu , khalidwe lake, komanso zochita zake mkalasi.
| Ubwino wa Chithandizo cha Occupational Therapy (OT) | |
|---|---|
| Ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku | Kuthandiza pa zinthu monga kuphunzira chimbudzi, kuvala, ndi kutsuka mano nokha. |
| Luso labwino la magalimoto | Kukulitsa luso lofunikira pogwira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga mapensulo ndi lumo moyenera. |
| Luso lalikulu la magalimoto | Kukulitsa luso lofunikira poyenda, kukwera masitepe, kukwera njinga, ndi zina zotero. |
| Maluso ozindikira | Kuthandiza kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa mitundu, mawonekedwe, ndi kukula. |
| Maluso ocheza ndi anthu | Kuthandiza kusewera ndi ena, kugawana malingaliro, ndi kumanga ubale. |
Mwachidule, cholinga chachikulu cha madokotala a OT ndikuthandiza mwana yemwe ali ndi autism kukhala wodziyimira pawokha momwe angathere, wokhoza kuchita zinthu payekha kunyumba ndi kusukulu.
Chithandizo cha Kulankhula
Ana omwe ali ndi autism akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu polankhula komanso kulankhulana popanda mawu, monga kuyang'ana maso ndi manja. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chithandizo cha kulankhula ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha autism .
Mavuto ofala olankhula omwe amapezeka ndi autism
- Osalankhula konse.
- Kupanga phokoso lachilendo, monga kubuula.
- Kubwereza zomwe zanenedwa (timazitcha izi Echolalia ).
- Kulankhula mopanda kukhudzidwa mtima, ngakhale kuti mawu ndi ziganizo zimatchulidwa bwino.
- Osayang'anana m'maso akamalankhula.
- Kuvuta kumvetsetsa nkhope ya anthu ena, kamvekedwe ka mawu awo, ndi chilankhulo cha thupi lawo.
Katswiri Wothandiza Kulankhula ndi Chilankhulo angakuthandizeni kupeza njira zabwino kwambiri zowonjezerera luso la mwana wanu lolankhulana. Ngati mwana wanu sakulankhula, angakupatseni njira zina. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kuchita zinthu zosonyeza zosowa pogwiritsa ntchito makadi ojambulira zithunzi.
- Kuphunzitsa chilankhulo cha manja.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi polankhulana pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamagetsi monga piritsi.
Mankhwalawa angathandize mwana kuphunzira kutchula mawu molondola, kuyamba kukambirana ndi ena, kufotokoza maganizo ake ndi momwe akumvera, komanso kusangalala kusewera ndi ena. Ndi bwino kuyamba chithandizochi msanga momwe mungathere.
Njira zopezera khalidwe labwino (Applied Behavior Analysis - ABA)
Njira yochiritsira iyi, yotchedwa ABA , imaphatikizapo kuzindikira makhalidwe abwino a mwana ndikumulimbikitsa kuti achite zambiri. Mphoto zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Njirayi imathandizanso kuphunzira maluso atsopano. Makolo ndi osamalira amaphunzitsidwanso izi, kuti athe kupatsa mwana malangizo ofunikira kunyumba.
Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ABA:
- Maphunziro Oyesera Mwapadera (DTT): Pankhaniyi, khalidwe kapena luso lomwe liyenera kuphunzitsidwa kwa mwana limagawidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndikuphunzitsidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi.
- Chithandizo Chachikulu Chokhudza Kuyankha (PRT): Chithandizochi chimayang'ana kwambiri mbali zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mwana (monga kudziyang'anira, kuthana ndi mavuto a anthu).
- Kulankhulana ndi Khalidwe (VBI): Cholinga chachikulu cha izi ndikukulitsa luso la mwana lolankhula.
Mankhwala ena othandiza
Kuwonjezera pa njira zazikulu zochiritsira zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, palinso njira zina zingapo.
Kukwera Mahatchi Ochiritsira
Izi zimatchedwanso Hippotherapy . Pano, mwana amakwera kavalo motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wothandiza. Mwanayo ayenera kulamulira thupi lake ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino malinga ndi mayendedwe a kavalo. Izi zili ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti njira imeneyi imapangitsa kuti ana azikhala ndi luso lolankhulana bwino komanso locheza bwino. Imathandizanso kuchepetsa kusakhazikika kwawo komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso.
Musanapange chisankho chilichonse chokhudza chithandizo chilichonse mwa izi, ndikofunikira kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu kapena dokotala wa ana za njira yochizira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi vuto la mwana wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chithandizo cha autism chikayamba msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Koma sikuchedwa kuyamba.
- Chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa mwana wina sichingagwire ntchito kwa wina, kotero mwana wanu adzafunika dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likugwirizana ndi iye.
- Chithandizo cha Masewera, Chithandizo cha Occupational Therapy (OT), ndi Chithandizo cha Kulankhula ndi njira zitatu zazikulu zothandizira zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kukula kwa mwana wokhala ndi autism.
- Mankhwala monga ABA angathandize kwambiri polimbikitsa khalidwe labwino.
- Musanayambe chithandizo chilichonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu ndipo funsani malangizo ake. Mudziwitseni dokotalayo za kupita patsogolo kwa mwana wanu.
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