Kodi matenda a Tourette Syndrome n'chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule.

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kuti nthawi zina ana aang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina akuluakulu, amathimitsa maso awo mosalekeza, kapena kugwedeza mapewa awo, kapena mwadzidzidzi amapanga phokoso loyera pakhosi? Zikuoneka ngati zinthuzi zikuchitikira iwo popanda ulamuliro wawo, sichoncho? Matenda a Tourette ndi matenda amitsempha omwe amachititsa mayendedwe kapena mawu osalamulirika. Timati izi ndi misala m'mawu azachipatala. Musachite mantha mukamva izi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa bwino izi.

Mwachidule, kodi Tourette Syndrome ndi chiyani?

Matenda a Tourette ndi matenda amitsempha omwe amachititsa munthu kupanga mayendedwe mwadzidzidzi, osafunikira kapena mawu omwe sangathe kuwalamulira. Izi zimatchedwa `tics`. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akhoza kuphethira maso ake mobwerezabwereza, kutsuka pakhosi pake, kapena kunena mawu omwe sakutanthauza.

Kwa anthu ena, chithandizo chimathandiza kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kumeneku. Koma kwa ena, zizindikirozi sizimavutitsa kwambiri moti sizifunikira mankhwala aliwonse.

Vutoli nthawi zambiri limayamba ali ana. Limapezekanso kwambiri mwa anyamata kuposa atsikana. Chabwino kwambiri n'chakuti zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimachepa ana akamakula. Nthawi zina, zimazimiririka kwathunthu.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?

Madokotala akuyesetsabe kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a Tourette, koma amakhulupirira kuti akugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zingapo za ubongo. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa basal ganglia, komwe kumathandiza kuwongolera mayendedwe a thupi; malo oyambira, omwe amawongolera minofu; ndi cortex, yomwe imathandiza kulumikizana pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusalinganika kwa mankhwala omwe amanyamula mauthenga ku ubongo, otchedwa `neurotransmitters,` kungakhalenso chifukwa. Akuluakulu ndi `(dopamine)`, `(serotonin)`, ndi `(norepinephrine)`.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, palinso zifukwa zina zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe mokwanira, koma zikuganiziridwa kuti ndizothandiza:

• Mavuto omwe angakhalepo panthawi ya mimba
• Kubadwa ndi kulemera kochepa
• Kuvulala mutu
• Kuopsa kwa carbon monoxide
• Encephalitis

Kodi izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku mibadwomibadwo?

Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti matenda a Tourette kapena matenda ena ofanana ndi amenewa akhoza kukhala obadwa nawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala kulumikizana kwa majini. Ngakhale kuti sizikudziwika bwino momwe izi zimachitikira, munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Tourette ali ndi mwayi wa 50% wopatsira mwana matendawa. Komabe, m'mabanja ena, anthu angapo ali ndi vutoli, pomwe m'mabanja ena, munthu m'modzi yekha ndi amene angakhale nalo. Komanso, pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa ana 20 omwe ali ndi vutoli alibe mbiri ya banja la matendawa.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a Tourette (Tics) ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a Tourette ndi `tic`. `tic` zina zimakhala zazing'ono kwambiri moti sizimaoneka nkomwe. Koma zina zimakhala zofala komanso zoonekeratu. Zikhoza kukulitsidwa ndi zinthu monga kupsinjika maganizo , chisangalalo, matenda, kapena kutopa. `tic` zazikulu nthawi zina zingayambitse manyazi ndikusokoneza moyo wa anthu kapena ntchito.

Munthu asanayambe kugwedezeka ndi mayendedwe a thupi, ena amamva kugwedezeka, kumenyedwa, kapena kupsinjika m'thupi lawo. Kusasangalalako kumatha pamene mayendedwe a thupi akuyenda. Mukhoza kuyimitsa mayendedwe a thupi kwa kanthawi, koma simungathe kuwaletsa kwathunthu.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya `tics`. Ndi `motor tics` ndi `vocal tics`. Mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu iyi umagawidwanso m'magulu awiri: wosavuta komanso wovuta.

Zoona zokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu otukwana (Coprolalia)

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zosokoneza kwambiri za matenda a Tourette ndi `coprolalia`. Uku ndi kulankhula mawu oipa kapena zinthu zosayenera pagulu. Mofananamo, kuchita zinthu zonyansa mosasamala kumatchedwa `copropraxia`. Chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amawonetsedwa pa TV ndi m'mafilimu, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti izi ndizofala kwambiri. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Tourette alibe `coprolalia` kapena `copropraxia`.

Mikhalidwe ina yofanana

Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni sichikudziwika bwino, pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Tourette alinso ndi zizindikiro za ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amavutika kumvetsera, kukhalabe okhazikika, komanso kumaliza ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, Tourette syndrome ingakhalenso yogwirizana ndi izi:

• Nkhawa
• Mavuto a kuphunzira, mwachitsanzo dyslexia
• Matenda okakamiza kwambiri (OCD) ndi vuto lomwe maganizo ndi zochita zosafunikira sizingathe kulamuliridwa, mwachitsanzo, kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse.

Kodi dokotala amadziwa bwanji ngati iyi ndi Tourette syndrome?

Komabe, dokotala wanu angafunike kufufuza zina zomwe zingayambitse kugwedezeka kwa maso. Mwachitsanzo, kuphethira maso nthawi zonse kungakhale chifukwa cha kusawona bwino, kapena kuluma mphuno nthawi zonse kungakhale chifukwa cha ziwengo. Zikatero, mungatumizidwe kukayezetsa magazi kapena MRI scan ya ubongo wanu. Mungapemphedwenso kuti muchite EEG (electroencephalogram), yomwe imayesa momwe mafunde a ubongo amagwirira ntchito.

Dokotala wanu angakufunseni mafunso monga awa:

• N’chiyani chinakulimbikitsani kubwera kuno lero?
• Kodi inu kapena mwana wanu mumachita zinthu zosalamulirika pa thupi lanu? Kodi izi zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi mumamva mawu kapena mawu akutuluka mkamwa mwanu osaganizira? Kodi izi zinayamba liti?
• Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa zizindikirozi kukhala bwino? N’chiyani chimazipangitsa kukhala zovuta kwambiri?
• Kodi inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi nkhawa kapena vuto loganizira bwino?
• Kodi pali wina aliyense m'banjamo amene ali ndi zizindikiro zimenezi?

Komanso, dokotala amaganiziranso izi:

• Kodi `tic` ndi ya magulu onse awiri a mayendedwe ndi phokoso (sikuyenera kuchitika nthawi imodzi).
• Kaya abwera kangati patsiku, kodi awa adzakhalapo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo?
• Kodi zinayamba asanafike zaka 18?
• Kodi zinthuzi sizimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala kapena zinthu zina?
• Kodi kugwedezeka kwa minofu kumasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu, mtundu, kuuma kwake, kapena kuyambira kosavuta mpaka zovuta?

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Palibe mankhwala a Tourette syndrome pakadali pano. Komabe, kwa anthu ambiri, kugwedezeka sikuli koopsa mokwanira kuti kufunike chithandizo. Komabe, ngati kukusokonezani moyo wanu, dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala.

Mankhwala

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa `tic`. Ena mwa awa amaperekedwanso pa matenda ena. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mankhwala amenewo apezekanso kuti amachepetsa `tic`.

• Mankhwala omwe amakhudza dopamine: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Pimozide, ndi Risperidone.
• Mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi: monga `Clonidine`, `Guanfacine`.
• Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft).
• Mankhwala a ADHD: monga `Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA)`.
• Mankhwala a khunyu: monga `Topiramate (Topomax)`.

Chithandizo

Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala, mankhwala ochiritsira amathandiza kwambiri pothana ndi vutoli.

• Chithandizo cha kulankhula: Mutha kulankhula ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito kuti mudziwe momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda a Tourette ndi matenda ena ofanana nawo monga ADHD, OCD, kapena nkhawa.
• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Izi zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira zomwe zimakuchitikirani musanayambe kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndikuchita zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni. Izi zingathandize kwambiri poletsa zinthu mopitirira muyeso.
• Kulimbikitsa Ubongo Kwambiri (DBS): Ichi ndi chithandizo choyeserabe. Chimaganiziridwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe sanayankhepo ku mankhwala ena. Mu izi, chipangizo chimayikidwa opaleshoni chomwe chimapereka mphamvu zamagetsi ku ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimalamulira kayendedwe.

Malangizo kwa makolo osamalira mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Tourette

Kusamalira mwana amene ali ndi vutoli kungakhale kovuta kwa makolo. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zambiri mwana amavutika kwambiri akangoyamba kumene unyamata ndipo pang'onopang'ono amachepa akamakula.

Pakadali pano, nazi zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni:

• Musakakamize mwana wanu kuti asiye kuchita misala. Zingakhale zovuta kuwaona kapena kuwamva, koma kuyesa kuwaletsa kungapangitse kuti mwana avutike maganizo ndikuwonjezera kuchita misala.
• Dziwitsani akuluakulu omwe ali m'moyo wa mwana. Dziwitsani aphunzitsi a sukulu, dalaivala wa galimoto ya kusukulu, mphunzitsi wa kalasi, ndi makochi omwe mwanayo amakhala nawo nthawi yayitali. Muwafotokozere za vutoli ndikupeza thandizo lomwe mwanayo akufunikira.
• Thandizani mwana wanu kudzidalira. Limbikitsani mwana wanu kuti azitsatira zomwe amakonda komanso luso lake (monga masewera, zaluso, nyimbo). Izi zimuthandiza kupeza mabwenzi, kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, komanso kudzidalira.
• Phunzitsani mwana wanu momwe angachitire ndi nthabwala za anthu ena. Lankhulani ndi mwana wanu ndipo muphunzitseni momwe angayankhire nthabwala ndi mafunso a ana ena.
• Pezaninso chithandizo. Fufuzani ngati pali magulu othandizira makolo a ana ngati awa. Zimenezi zikupatsaninso mphamvu zambiri.