Mwina mwakumanapo ndi izi nthawi iliyonse mukapita kwa dokotala. Dokotala amatenga kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kali pa desiki yake kapena pakhosi pake, amaika mbali yake yozizira, yozungulira pachifuwa panu, ndikumvetsera mosamala. Nthawi zina amakayikanso kumbuyo kwanu. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha
auscultation mu zamankhwala. Mwachidule, ndi kumvetsera mawu ochokera mkati mwa thupi lanu. Ngakhale kuti ndi mayeso osavuta kwambiri, amauza dokotala zambiri zodabwitsa zokhudza thanzi lanu.
Kodi auscultation kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Madokotala akhala akumvetsera mawu a matupi athu kuyambira pomwe stethoscope idapangidwa. Koma kale, analibe stethoscope. Ankamvetsera mawu awa poika makutu awo pachifuwa kapena m'mimba mwa wodwalayo. Tangoganizirani, kodi sizosangalatsa pang'ono? Ngakhale Dr. René Laennec, yemwe adapanga stethoscope, sankakonda kuyika makutu ake pachifuwa cha wodwalayo mwanjira iyi. Choyamba adapinda pepala ndikulipanga kukhala funnel ndikuliyika pachifuwa. Kenako adazindikira kuti mawu omwe anali pachifuwa anali okulirapo kwambiri (okulirapo) akadutsa. Lingaliro limenelo linapangidwa ndipo stethoscope yomwe mukuwona lero idapangidwa. Pomvetsera mwanjira iyi, dokotala amaganizira mfundo zingapo zofunika.
| Zoyenera kulabadira | Mwachidule... |
|---|
| Kuchuluka kwa nthawi | Kaya phokoso lomwe mukumva ndi lapamwamba kapena lotsika. |
| Mphamvu | Kodi phokosolo ndi lalikulu bwanji? |
| Kutalika | Kodi phokoso limodzi limatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? |
| Nambala | Kodi mumamva phokosolo mobwerezabwereza? |
| Ubwino | Kodi phokoso limamveka bwanji? (monga, kuyimba mluzu, kulira) |
Kuyeza kwa auscultation ndi
njira yotetezeka kwambiri komanso yosavulaza . Itha kuchitidwanso mwachangu komanso mosavuta nthawi iliyonse, chifukwa dokotala aliyense ali ndi stethoscope pafupi.
Kodi mungamvetsere bwanji mtima wanu?
Mwina mwamvapo mtima wanu ukugunda. "
Lub-dub " " Lub-dub"... Ili ndi phokoso loyambira la mtima wathanzi. Phokoso la "lub" (S1) limabwera pamene ma valve awiri a mtima (mitral ndi tricuspid valves) atsekedwa. Phokoso la "dub" (S2) limabwera pamene ma valve ena awiri (aortic ndi pulmonary valves) atsekedwa. Dokotala adzayika stethoscope m'malo anayi akuluakulu pachifuwa chanu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa phokoso la valavu inayake ya mtima likhoza kumveka bwino kuchokera m'malo aliwonsewa. Kuwonjezera pa mawu otseka ma valve awa,
dokotalayo adzamvanso phokoso la magazi akuyenda komanso kugwedezeka kwa minofu ya mtima. Ntchito yake ndikusiyanitsa pakati pa mawu abwinobwino, athanzi ndi mawu osazolowereka omwe amasonyeza matenda.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumva phokoso la "s... whiz..." likuchokera mumtima mwanu, lingakhale phokoso la mtima. Ngakhale kuti zina mwa izi sizowopsa, zina zingakhale chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu. Mofananamo, ngati mumva phokoso ngati zidutswa ziwiri za khungu zikukhutitsidwa pamodzi, likhoza kukhala kutupa kwa nembanemba yomwe imazungulira mtima ( pericarditis ).
Kodi mumayang'ana chiyani mukamvetsera mapapu?
Pambuyo pomvera mtima wanu, dokotala wanu adzamvetsera mapapu anu. Nthawi zambiri amayamba mbali imodzi ya chifuwa chanu ndikusuntha stethoscope pansi. Kenako adzasuntha stethoscope kumbali inayo mwanjira yomweyo. Kenako adzayika stethoscope kumbuyo kwanu ndikuchita chimodzimodzi. Akamachita izi, adzayerekeza mawu ochokera m'mapapu onse awiri. Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani
kuti muweramire patsogolo ndikudutsa manja anu pachifuwa chanu . Izi zithandiza minofu yanu yakumbuyo kupumula ndikuwonjezera malo a mapapo anu (triangle of auscultation). Izi zidzakuthandizani kumva mawuwo momveka bwino. Adzamvetsera mosamala mawu omwe mumapanga mukapuma (inspiration) ndi kutulutsa (expiration). Kuwonjezera pa mawu abwinobwino opuma, ngati muli ndi vuto lachipatala, mutha kumva mawu osazolowereka awa:
| Phokoso lachilendo | Kufotokozera ndi zifukwa zomwe zingatheke |
|---|
| Kupuma movutikira | Phokoso la mluzu lokwera kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mphumu, matenda opatsirana, kapena kudzikundikira kwa ntchofu m'mapapo. |
| Mikwingwirima | Phokoso "logwedezeka", ngati phokoso logwedezeka. Phokosoli limapangidwa pamene njira zopumira zili ndi ntchofu kapena madzi. Likhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda a m'mapapo, matenda a COPD, kapena matenda a mtima. |
| Kupukuta kwa Pleural | Zikumveka ngati zidutswa ziwiri za sandpaper zikuphwanyidwa pamodzi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti pali vuto ndi nembanemba yozungulira mapapo (pleura). |
| Stridor | Phokoso lalikulu komanso lokwera lomwe limachokera pakhosi popuma. Izi zikusonyeza kutsekeka kwa njira yopumira ya pamwamba (pakhosi, pakhosi). |
N’chifukwa chiyani mumaika stethoscope pamimba panu?
Inde, dokotala adzakuikanso stethoscope pamimba panu ndikumvetsera. Kodi mukudziwa chifukwa chake? Mvetserani mawu ochokera m'matumbo anu. Chakudya chomwe timadya chikagayidwa ndikutsika ngati zinyalala, matumbo amapanga phokoso.
Matumbo a munthu wathanzi nthawi zambiri amapanga phokoso la "gurgling" masekondi 5-10 aliwonse.
Ngati mawu awa palibe kapena ali ofooka kwambiri, angasonyeze kudzimbidwa kapena kutsekeka kwa matumbo (ileus). Ngati mawu awa ndi okwera kwambiri komanso okwera, akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto monga kutsegula m'mimba. Nthawi zina, mawu awa angasonyezenso kutsekeka kwa matumbo.
Kodi njira iyi ndi yakale tsopano?
Ena angaganize kuti ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri monga CT scan ndi MRI scan, kumvetsera ndi stethoscope iyi kwakhala kwachikale tsopano. Zoona, pali mavuto angapo ndi stethoscope yachikhalidwe. Phokoso lake ndi losavuta kumva, ndi lovuta kumva pamalo aphokoso, ndipo n'zosatheka kulola wina kumva zomwe mukumva. Koma lero, mayankho abweranso pankhaniyi.
Ma stethoscope apakompyuta amatha kukulitsa mawu ndikupangitsa kuti amveke bwino. Amathanso kujambula mawuwo ngati fayilo ya digito ndikutumiza kwa dokotala wina kuti akawunikenso. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa telemedicine. Zipangizo zina zimakulolani kuti muwone nthawi yomweyo EKG (Electrocardiogram) yomwe imawonetsa kugunda kwa mtima uku mukumvetsera mtima. Komabe, auscultation siimatha nthawi. Izi zimathandiza dokotala kupeza nthawi yomweyo lingaliro loyambira la vuto lanu. Kutengera lingaliro limenelo, amatha kusankha mayeso enieni oti achite pambuyo pake. Izi zimapewanso mayeso osafunikira komanso okwera mtengo. Komabe, kupambana kwa izi kumadalira kwathunthu
luso la dokotala, chidziwitso chake, komanso kufunitsitsa kwake kumvetsera mosamala .
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuyeza kwa auscultation ndi njira yosavuta, yotetezeka, koma yofunika kwambiri yochitidwa ndi dokotala.
- Mayeso osavuta awa angakuuzeni zambiri zokhudza ntchito ya mtima wanu, mapapo , ndi matumbo.
- Kutengera ndi phokoso lomwe limamveka kudzera mu stethoscope, dokotala adzakuthandizani kusankha mayeso kapena chithandizo china chomwe mukufuna.
- Uku ndi kuyezetsa kwa dokotala waluso. Chifukwa chake, musawerenge za izi ndipo pitani mukayezetse matenda anu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope. Siyani ntchitoyi kwa dokotala wanu.
Kutulutsa mawu, stethoscope, kuyezetsa dokotala, mawu a mtima, mawu a m'mapapo, mawu a m'matumbo, dokotala
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