Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe matenda enaake amatikhudzira, osati nthawi yokha yomwe tili ndi matendawa, komanso moyo wathu wonse? Matenda ena ndi ngozi zingafupikitse moyo wathu. Zina zingatithandize kukhala ndi chilema kwa moyo wathu wonse. Chifukwa chake, pali njira yapadera yoyezera kuchuluka kwa moyo wathu wathanzi womwe timataya chifukwa cha zinthuzi. Ndicho chimene timachitcha DALY.
Mwachidule, kodi DALY (Chaka cha Moyo Wosinthidwa ndi Kulemala) ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, DALY (Chaka cha Moyo Chokonzedwa ndi Olumala) ndi muyeso wapadziko lonse womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza ndi opanga mfundo zaumoyo kuti awerengere momwe matenda osiyanasiyana amakhudzira moyo wa anthu komanso moyo wabwino mwa anthu ena.
Taganizirani izi motere: DALY ndi chaka cha moyo chomwe chimatayika chifukwa cha moyo wathanzi chifukwa cha matenda, kulumala, kapena imfa ya msanga. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa matenda anu, zaka izi za moyo zomwe zingawonongeke zitha kuwonjezeredwa.
Njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumvetsetsa "katundu wa matenda" m'dziko kapena m'chigawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, akatswiri amawona zinthu zachikhalidwe, zachuma, zachilengedwe, ndi ndale zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la anthu onse. Njirayi idayambitsidwa koyamba m'zaka za m'ma 1990.
Kodi ma DALY awa amawerengedwa bwanji?
Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera DALY.
1. Zaka za Moyo Wotayika (YLLs)
2. Zaka Zomwe Wakhala Ndi Chilema (YLDs)
Pankhaniyi, ma YLL ndi zaka za moyo zomwe zimatayika chifukwa cha imfa isanakwane. Ma YLD ndi chiwerengero cha zaka zathanzi zomwe zimatayika chifukwa cha matenda kapena kulumala.
Kotero DALY ndi chiŵerengero cha ma YLL ndi ma YLD onse.
DALY = YLLs + YLDs
Tiyeni timvetse ndi chitsanzo.
Taganizirani mwana wamng'ono amene ali ndi zaka 15. Tikuganiza kuti ngati sadwala matenda aakulu (monga matenda a shuga , khansa), adzakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka pafupifupi 80. Komabe, taganizirani kuti mwana uyu wamwalira pangozi ali ndi zaka 15.
Kenako nthawi yake ya moyo (YLL) ndi 80 - 15 = zaka 65. Apa, popeza sanakhale ndi chilema, YLD ndi 0.
Kotero mtengo wake wa DALY ndi 65. Izi zikutanthauza kuti adataya zaka 65 za moyo wathanzi.
Koma pali chinthu chabwino apa. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi matenda, ngati mutalandira chithandizo choyenera kuchokera kwa dokotala, kusintha moyo wanu, ndikukweza thanzi lanu, mutha kuchepetsa mtengo uwu wa DALY, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuwonjezera nthawi yanu ya moyo wathanzi.
Ndi matenda ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza ma DALY?
Matenda osiyanasiyana, ngozi ndi olumala amaganiziridwa powerengera ma DALY. Pansipa pali zina mwa matenda omwe amapezeka ngakhale m'dziko lathu.
| Gulu la Matenda/Mkhalidwe | Zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Matenda Opatsirana | Matenda monga HIV, chikuku, COVID-19, dengue, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi meningitis. |
| Matenda okhudzana ndi moyo | Matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, khansa, cholesterol yambiri. |
| Ngozi ndi kuvulala | Kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngozi za pamsewu, kugwa, ndi chiwawa. |
| Mavuto amisala | Kuvutika maganizo, Nkhawa. |
| Zochitika zina | Zilema zobadwa nazo, matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba (monga Alzheimer's), kusowa zakudya m'thupi, kupweteka kwa msana/khosi, kuvutika kumva kapena kuona. |
Kusiyana pakati pa DALY ndi QALY
Monga DALY, pali muyeso wina wotchedwa QALY (Chaka cha Moyo Chokonzedwa Bwino) . Izi zimayesanso kutalika ndi ubwino wa moyo. QALY ndi chaka cha moyo chomwe munthu amakhala ndi thanzi labwino.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndi:
- Ma DALY amayesa zaka zomwe zatayika chifukwa cha matenda kapena imfa.
- QALYImayesa kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe mumapeza ndi thanzi labwino chifukwa cha kusintha kwa moyo wanu chifukwa cha chithandizo kapena kusintha kwa moyo wanu .
Kodi mungatani kuti muwongolere bwino chigoli chanu cha DALY?
Kafukufuku wapeza kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kuchepetsa matenda. Mutha kukambirana izi ndi dokotala wanu ndikuchita zomwe zikukuyenererani.
| Zoyenera kuchita | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kulemera kwa thupi (BMI) | Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera malinga ndi kutalika kwanu. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni upangiri pankhaniyi. |
| Kusiya kusuta | Kusiya kapena kuchepetsa kusuta fodya kumathandiza kuteteza matenda ambiri. |
| Kusiya kumwa mowa | Kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kwathunthu kumwa mowa kumathandiza kwambiri pa thanzi. |
| Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi | Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuyenda, kuthamanga, ndi kusambira kungathandize kuti mtima ndi thupi lanu likhale lathanzi. |
| Zakudya zopatsa thanzi | Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano, zipatso, nyemba, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi (monga mpunga wofiirira, tirigu wonse). |
Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu omwe amatsatira njira imeneyi ya moyo wathanzi amawonjezera zaka ziwiri za moyo wathanzi poyerekeza ndi omwe satsatira.
N’chifukwa chiyani muyeso wa DALY ndi wothandiza?
Poyang'ana deta ya DALY, akuluakulu azaumoyo ndi madokotala amatha kumvetsetsa vuto la matenda pa dziko. Kutengera ndi chidziwitso chimenecho, angatenge njira zofunikira kuti athetse matendawa, kuphunzitsa anthu, ndikukweza mautumiki azaumoyo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati matenda a shuga kapena matenda a mtima akuchulukirachulukira pakati pa achinyamata m'dziko lathu, deta ya DALY idzawonetsa momwe izi zidzakhudzira moyo wawo wathanzi mtsogolo. Kenako, titha kuwongolera vutoli kudzera m'mapulogalamu odziwitsa anthu pasukulu, monga kuwalimbikitsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kodi pali zoletsa zilizonse pa njira ya DALY?
Inde. Popeza DALY imayesa momwe matenda amakhudzira munthu m'chiwerengero chimodzi, nthawi zina sizipereka chithunzi chonse. Chifukwa si matenda kapena matenda onse omwe ali ofanana.
Mwachitsanzo, ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana kukhala ndi mphumu kwa kanthawi kochepa komanso kukhala ndi matenda amisala , matenda oopsa amisala , kwa moyo wanu wonse.
Komanso, ngakhale munthu ali ndi chilema (monga kulephera kuyenda, kuvutika kulankhula), akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa komanso wokhutiritsa ngati ali ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo chabwino chaumoyo, chithandizo cha mabanja ndi anthu ammudzi, komanso zida zowathandiza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Zinthu izi sizingaganiziridwe nthawi zonse powerengera ma DALY.
Komabe, DALY ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri komanso chothandiza pomvetsetsa bwino momwe dziko lilili pa thanzi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- DALY ndi njira yoyezera zaka za moyo wathanzi zomwe mumataya chifukwa cha matenda, kulumala, kapena imfa isanakwane.
- Izi zimawerengedwa pophatikiza zaka zomwe zinatayika chifukwa cha imfa isanakwane (YLLs) ndi zaka zomwe zinakhala ndi chilema (YLDs).
- Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza mtengo wa DALY, monga matenda a moyo, matenda opatsirana, ngozi, ndi mavuto amisala .
- Mwa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi (kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupewa kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa), mutha kuwonjezera moyo wanu wathanzi.
- Deta ya DALY ndi yofunika kwambiri pokonzekera ndi kukonza ntchito zaumoyo m'dziko. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza vuto la thanzi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
💬 Comments (0)
Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.
Onjezani ndemanga yanu