Kodi mukuopa kupatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu musanachite opaleshoni? Tiyeni tipeze yankho! (General Anesthesia)

Ngati munachitidwapo opaleshoni, mwina munamvapo za "anesthesia" isanachitike. Anthu ambiri amaopa pang'ono izi. Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso monga "Kodi ndidzadzuka?" ndi "Chidzachitike ndi chiyani ndikalandira anesthesia?" Koma kwenikweni ndi njira yotetezeka kwambiri, yochitidwa motsogozedwa ndi madokotala. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za anesthesia wamba, kapena chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa za opaleshoniyi.

Mwachidule, kodi mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi chiyani?

Kugoneka ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu nthawi zonse kumachitika pamene munthu akugona tulo tofa nato pamene akuchitidwa opaleshoni. Kunena zoona, sikuti kungogona kokha, komanso kukomoka kwambiri. Panthawiyi, thupi lanu silidzamva kupweteka kulikonse, ndipo simudzakumbukira china chilichonse panthawi ya opaleshoni .

Ntchito imeneyi imachitidwa ndi katswiri wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa . Iye ndi dokotala yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apadera a mankhwala ogonetsa anthu ogonetsa , kutanthauza kuti, kupangitsa munthu kugona. Kuyambira nthawi imene opaleshoniyo imayamba mpaka itatha, mpaka mutadzukanso, dokotala wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa anthu ogonetsa munthu amakhala pafupi nanu ndikuyang'anira mayendedwe anu onse. Choncho palibe chifukwa choopera.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone kusiyana pakati pa njira zoperekera mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi njira zina zoperekera mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Kodi njira yopezera maloto imachitika bwanji?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.

1. Kupereka mankhwala: Mukapita ku opareshoni, kannula (IV line) idzalowetsedwa mu mtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu ndipo mankhwala amadzimadzi adzaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsemphawo. Kapena nthawi zina chophimba nkhope chidzaikidwa pankhope panu ndipo mudzapatsidwa mpweya woti mupume. Pakangopita mphindi zochepa, mudzagwa mu mkhalidwe wofanana ndi tulo tatikulu.

2. Kuonetsetsa kuti mukupuma : Mukapanda kukomoka konse, dokotala wogonetsa adzalowetsa chubu chaching'ono (chubu cha endotracheal) kudzera pakamwa panu kupita ku chitoliro chanu kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukupeza mpweya wokwanira panthawi yonse ya opaleshoni. Simudzamva chikulowetsedwa chifukwa mudzapatsidwa mankhwala opumulitsa minofu ya pakhosi panu musanachite izi.

3. Kuwunika kosalekeza: Pa opaleshoni yonse, gulu lothandizira odwala opaleshoni nthawi zonse limayesa zinthu zotsatirazi m'thupi lanu:

• Kuthamanga kwa mpweya
• Kutentha kwa thupi
• Kugunda kwa mtima
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Mlingo wa okosijeni m'magazi
• Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi

4. Kuchira: Opaleshoni ikatha, dokotala adzasiya kukupatsani mankhwala oletsa ululu. Kenako mudzatengedwera ku chipinda chochiritsira. Kumeneko mudzayamba kudzuka pang'onopang'ono. Madokotala ndi anamwino adzaonetsetsa kuti simukumva ululu kapena kusasangalala kwina kulikonse.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi?

Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa tulo: mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya IV ndi mankhwala opumira.

Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa

• Propofol: Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amakupangitsani kugona mwachangu ndipo amakuthandizani kukhalabe mu mkhalidwe umenewo nthawi yonse ya opaleshoni.
• Etomidate: Mankhwala a nthawi yochepa omwe amaperekedwa kuti ayambe kuiwala.
• Ketamine: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena ndi mankhwala ena pa opaleshoni yaifupi.

Mankhwala Opumira

• Sevoflurane: Mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyambitsa ndi kusunga mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Desflurane: Izi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito posamalira mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Nitrous Oxide: Imadziwikanso kuti "mpweya woseka," siwokwanira kupangitsa munthu kugona tulo tofa nato, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena amphamvu.

Kodi muyenera kukonzekera bwanji musanachite opaleshoni?

Dokotala wanu ndi katswiri wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa adzakulankhulani musanachite opaleshoni. Adzakufunsani za izi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale otetezeka kunena zoona panthawiyi osabisa chilichonse.

• Matenda ena omwe muli nawo (monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a mtima).
• Mankhwala onse omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito (kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe).
• Matenda a ziwengo omwe muli nawo - zinthu monga mankhwala, mazira, soya, ndi zina zotero.
• Kaya mumasuta fodya, mumamwa mowa, kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo.
• Kaya panali chilichonse chomwe chinachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni yapitayi.

Komanso, mungapemphedwe kuti musiye kumwa mankhwala ena omwe amawonjezera kutuluka magazi, monga aspirin, pafupifupi sabata imodzi opaleshoni isanachitike. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa zake ndi ziti?

Kupereka mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zotetezeka kwambiri m'mankhwala amakono. Komabe, monga njira ina iliyonse yachipatala, pali zotsatirapo zazing'ono komanso zoopsa zochepa.

Zotsatira zoyipa za kanthawi kochepa

Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha mkati mwa maola ochepa kapena tsiku limodzi.

• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Pakamwa pouma
• Kupweteka pakhosi kapena kusanza (chifukwa cha mpweya woipa)
• Kugona tulo
• Kugwedezeka
• Kupweteka kwa thupi
• Kuyabwa
• Kutaya kukumbukira (makamaka kwa okalamba)

Anthu omwe angakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu.

• Anthu onenepa kwambiri: Kuchepetsa ululu ndi kupuma kuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri kwa anthu olemera kwambiri.
• Okalamba: Chiwopsezocho chingakule mukakula chifukwa cha matenda ena.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, matenda a m'mapapo, ndi matenda a impso.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
• Osuta: Chiopsezo chake n'chokwera chifukwa kusuta kumakhudza njira yopumira.
• Anthu omwe amamwa mowa wambiri: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mowa amatha kuyankha mosiyana ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la ziwengo ku mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Kawirikawiri, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa anthu chikwi, mungakhale ndi chidziwitso cha mankhwala oletsa ululu (anesthesia awareness) ngakhale mutapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu. Ngakhale izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, mutha kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.