Ese wigeze ubona umwana wawe—cyangwa nawe ubwawe—ahita agwa mu kantu gatunguranye, agasubiramo inyuguti imwe, cyangwa akarambura ijwi? Hari igihe ibi bitangira mu bwana, mu gihe ibindi bishobora no kumera mu myaka yashize. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuganira ku ndwara yo kudindiza, mu buvuzi yitwa indwara yo kuvuga neza. Humura—iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane, kandi iyo ukoresheje uburyo bwiza n'ubufasha, irashoboka cyane.
Mu by'ukuri, kuvuga nabi ni iki?
Mu magambo make, kudindiza ni ikibazo cyo kuvuga kibangamira urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho, bigahindura uburyo bwo kuvuga neza. Iyo udindiza, amagambo ntabwo agenda neza. Ushobora gusubiramo amajwi, ukaruhuka hagati mu magambo, cyangwa ugahura n'ibindi bintu bikubuza kuvuga neza.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwo gutitira:
- Indwara yo kuvuga mu bwana (Kutamenya mu mikurire): Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Iterwa n'itandukaniro rito mu mikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana, bigatuma ihinduka indwara y'imitsi . Ubusanzwe itangira hagati y'imyaka ibiri n'irindwi.
- Gutitira bidashira: Ibi bivuga gutitira mu mikurire bikomeza kuva mu bwana kugeza mu bwana.
- Gutigita bikunze kwangirika: Ubu bwoko buterwa n'impinduka mu bwonko bitewe n'uburwayi, indwara, cyangwa imvune yo mu mutwe, nyuma yaho gutigita bitangira gutunguranye.
Kudatuza bishyirwa mu cyiciro cy’indwara yo kuvuga neza, iri mu cyiciro cyagutse cy’imbogamizi zo kuvuga.
Ni nde ugerwaho n'ingaruka zikomeye zo kujijinganya?
Kudagara bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu uwo ari we wese. Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abahungu bafite amahirwe angana n'inshuro enye yo kudagara kurusha abakobwa. Imiterere n'ingaruka z'iyi ndwara bishobora guhinduka uko imyaka igenda ishira.
- Kujijisha mu bwana: Ibi hafi ya byose bitangira mu bwana buto. Bishobora gutangira ku myaka 2, nubwo bishobora kugaragara kugeza ku myaka 7. Ubusanzwe, bitangira ahagana ku myaka 3, abana bagera kuri 95% bagaragaza ibimenyetso mbere y’uko bageza ku myaka 4.
- Gutitira bidashira: Nubwo ibi bigira ingaruka ku bantu bakuru, hafi ya byose bitangira mu bwana.
- Gucura imitsi: Ibi bishobora kubaho mu myaka iyo ari yo yose, akenshi bigaterwa n'ihungabana ritunguranye, indwara zo mu bwonko, cyangwa izindi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko.
Ni rusange gute?
Kudagara kw'imikurire y'abana bikunze kwibasira hagati ya 1% na 2.4%, bivuze ko umwana umwe cyangwa babiri muri buri 100 bashobora kubyibasira. Kudagara kw'imikurire mu gihe cy'ubukure ntibikunze kugaragara cyane, bikagira ingaruka ku bantu bakuru bagera kuri 0.3% kugeza 1%. Ubushakashatsi ku ikwirakwira ry'indwara yo kudagara bw'imikurire buracyari buke.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo kujijisha?
Kuvuga bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho cyane z'imitsi itandukanye yo mu maso, mu kanwa, mu muhogo, mu gituza no mu nda. Ku muntu ucuramye, iyi mikorere ihungabanywa no kugenda mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa imitsi icikagurika mu mikorere y'imvugo.
Kugira ngo umuganga amenye indwara yo kudahuzagurika, asanzwe areba nibura kimwe mu bimenyetso birindwi by'ingenzi bikurikira:
- Gusubiramo amajwi cyangwa inyuguti: Ibi bikunze kubaho mu ntangiriro y'ijambo. Urugero, kuvuga "aaa-apple" aho kuvuga "apple." Umuntu asubiramo ijwi cyangwa inyuguti kugeza igihe ashoboye kuvuga ijambo ryose.
- Gukomeza amajwi cyangwa inyuguti: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata ijwi runaka no kurikoresha igihe kirekire kuruta uko byagenwe, nko kuvuga "ssssschool."
- Guhagarara hagati mu ijambo: Guhagarara mu buryo budasanzwe cyangwa igihe kirekire mu ijambo rimwe.
- Gufunga: Guhora ucecetse cyangwa ukaruhuka ukoresheje amajwi nka "um" cyangwa "uh." Ibi byitwa gufunga kuko amagambo yumva abujijwe gusohoka.
- Gusimbuza ijambo (circumlocution): Gusimbuza ijambo cyangwa interuro bigoye kugira ngo wirinde kurivuga nabi.
- Gushyira imbaraga mu magambo: Gushyira imbaraga zidasanzwe cyangwa gushyira imbaraga ku nyuguti runaka cyangwa ijambo ryose.
- Gusubiramo amagambo yose y’inyuguti imwe: Gusubiramo amagambo magufi, y’inyuguti imwe nka "Jyewe," "yego," cyangwa "ye."
Ibindi bimenyetso n'imyitwarire bifitanye isano no kudidama
Abantu bagititira bashobora kandi guhura n'ibi bikurikira:
- Kuzura imitsi: Imitsi iterwa no kuzungazunga rimwe na rimwe ishobora "kwinjira" mu bindi bice by'umubiri, bigatuma habaho kwimuka mu maso, mu ijosi, mu bitugu, cyangwa mu biganza.
- Imyitwarire cyangwa imikorere mibi: Abantu bashobora kugira ingeso mbi iyo bagerageza kwisunika mu gihe bagitangira kuvuga, nko guhumbya vuba, kureba kure, gushinyagura mu maso, cyangwa gupfunyika ibipfunsi.
- Ingaruka z'amarangamutima ku bimenyetso: Ibimenyetso byo kurandaranda bikunze kwiyongera iyo unaniwe, wishimye, uhangayitse, cyangwa ufite stress nyinshi. Kuvuga ku ngingo nshya cyangwa zigoye nabyo bishobora gutuma birushaho kugorana. Ku rundi ruhande, kuruhuka no gutuza bishobora kugabanya cyane ibimenyetso.
- Kutagira gutigita mu gihe cy'ibikorwa runaka by'ijwi: Igishimishije ni uko gutigita akenshi bishira mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nko kuvugana n'amatungo, gusoma mu ijwi riranguruye, cyangwa kuririmba.
- Ingorane zijyanye n'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe : Kudagara bishobora gutera kumva ubabaye, ufite isoni , kandi wiyumvamo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu badagara bagira ibyago byinshi byo kugira imihangayiko cyangwa kwiheba .
Ni iki gitera kudidama?
Nubwo impuguke zitarasobanukirwa neza impamvu nyayo itera indwara yo kudindiza, hari ibintu byinshi byagaragaye ko bigira uruhare muri iyi ndwara:
- Amateka y'umuryango : Niba ufite umuvandimwe wo mu rwego rwa mbere (nk'umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe wawe) ufite ikibazo cyo kudindiza, ibyago byawe byo kurwara iki kibazo byikubye inshuro eshatu.
- Ibintu bitera imiterere y'uturemangingo : Impinduka mu turemangingo twacu ( ADN ) zikekwaho kugira uruhare mu kudidama. Ingirabuzimafatizo zigira ingaruka ku kuba umwana adidama azashira uko igihe kigenda cyangwa agakomeza kugeza akuze.
- Itandukaniro mu miterere y'ubwonko: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje itandukaniro mu miterere n'imikorere y'ubwonko bw'abantu bagititira, cyane cyane mu bice bishinzwe gutanga imvugo no guhuza imiyoboro y'ubwonko.
Ni gute indwara yo kujijisha imenyekana?
Kugira ngo umuganga amenye indwara yo kudindiza, azatangira gutega amatwi witonze uko uvuga kugira ngo amenye ibimenyetso byihariye. Azababaza kandi amateka yawe (cyangwa ay'umwana wawe), igihe ibimenyetso byatangiriye, n'imimerere isa n'aho ibitera.
Iyo umwana wawe agize ikibazo cyo kudindiza, muganga w’abana ni we ukunze kubibona cyangwa kubisuzuma bwa mbere, haba mu gihe cyo kumusuzuma buri gihe cyangwa iyo ugaragaje impungenge ku mivugire ye.
Abantu bakuru benshi barwaye indwara yo kudindiza idakira basanzwe basuzumwe bakiri bato, nubwo bamwe bashobora kuba batarasuzumwe nubwo bahuye n'ingorane zo kuvuga kuva bakiri bato.
Nta bipimo byihariye by’ubuvuzi bikenerwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara yo kudindiza ikura cyangwa idakira.
Gusuzuma indwara yo kujijinganya
Iyo umuntu mukuru atangiye kudindiza mu buryo butunguranye adafite amateka yo kuvuga, ni ngombwa ko asuzuma neza abaganga. Ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya **aphasia** cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'imitsi. Impamvu zishobora gutera kudadindiza zirimo **ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretsa (TBI)**, **imitsi yo mu bwonko**, na **ibibyimba byo mu bwonko**.
Muri ibi bihe, ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara bishobora kuba birimo:
- Gupima CT (Ifoto ya Tomografia)
- Gupima MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging )
- Gupima PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Guhinda umushyitsi bivurwa bite?
Uburyo bw'ibanze kandi bunoze bwo kuvura ubwoko bwose bw'indwara yo kudindiza ni **ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga**. Ku bana bato, abaganga bakoresha ibikorwa bishishikaje kandi bihuye n'imyaka yabo kugira ngo bigabanye kandi bigabanye ibimenyetso. Imyitozo yihariye, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'inshuro/igihe cy'amahugurwa biterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara yo kudindiza, ibimenyetso, n'ubukana bwabyo.
Imiti ntikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu kuvura indwara yo mu mutwe. Ariko, niba imihangayiko, kwiheba, cyangwa stress ikomeye birushaho kwiyongera cyangwa bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umurwayi, abaganga bashobora gutanga imiti igabanya ububabare bw'ihungabana** cyangwa imiti igabanya guhangayika** kugira ngo ifashe mu kuvura izi ndwara zo mu mutwe.
Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubuvuzi n'ingaruka mbi
Ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kuvura indwara yo kujijinganya biterwa n'uburyo bukoreshwa. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga ni bwiza cyane kandi nta ngaruka mbi cyangwa ingaruka mbi bigira ku buzima. Iyo imiti itanzwe, ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi nke, nubwo ingorane zikomeye zidakunze kubaho.
Muganga wawe cyangwa umuvuzi wawe ashobora kuguha ubuyobozi burambuye ku byo ushobora kwitega, uburyo bwo gucunga ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho, n'uburyo bwo kongera inyungu zo kuvurwa.
Ese kuvuga nabi bishobora kwirindwa?
Ubwoko bwonyine bwo kudindiza bushobora kwirindwa ni ukudindiza. Uburyo bwiza bwo kubyirinda ni ugufata ingamba zo kurinda ubuzima bw'ubwonko bwawe—nk'ukugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko, kwambara ingofero n'ibikoresho byo kwirinda kugira ngo wirinde imvune zo mu bwonko (TBIs), no gucunga ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi.
Igitekerezo cy'igihe kirekire ni iki?
Kudagara ntabwo byangiza umubiri, kandi abantu benshi barakira. Gutera inkunga hakiri kare, cyane cyane uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, bishobora kwihutisha cyane gukira.
Ariko, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe. Hafi 40% by'ingimbi n'abangavu (bari hagati y'imyaka 12 na 17) bahinda umushyitsi bagira imihangayiko cyangwa kwiheba.
Abantu bakuru barwaye indwara yo mu mutwe bafite amahirwe akubye kabiri yo kugira ibibazo byo mu mutwe n'akubye gatatu amahirwe yo kugira ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Kumenya no kuvura ibi bibazo byo mu mutwe ni igice cy'ingenzi mu guhangana n'indwara yo mu mutwe neza.
Kudagadwa bimara igihe kingana iki?
Abana bagera kuri 90% bafite ikibazo cyo kudahuzagurika mu mikurire yabo bakira mu buryo busanzwe bafite imyaka 18. Iyo bamaze gukira burundu, kudahuzagurika ntikugaruka keretse bitewe n'ikibazo cyo mu bwonko gitandukanye (kuhuzagurika).
Guhora uhindagurika mu gihe uri mukuru ntabwo bikunze kubaho cyane ariko akenshi ni indwara ibaho mu buzima bwose. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha abantu bakuru gucunga imvugo yabo no kuvugana neza.
Kuziba kw'indwara bishobora kuba iby'igihe gito cyangwa burundu, bitewe n'impamvu yabyo. Iyo byatewe n'ubwandu bukomeye kandi buhoraho mu bwonko, kuziba kw'indwara bishobora no kuba burundu. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba indwara ishobora kuzakwira bitewe n'ubuzima bwawe bwite.
Kwiyitaho no Gushyigikira Umwana Wawe
Niba umwana wawe agaragaje ibimenyetso byo kudindiza iterambere rye, ni byiza kugisha inama muganga w’abana. Kumumenya hakiri kare no kumugira inama bishobora kunoza cyane ubuhanga bwe mu itumanaho no kumufasha guhangana n’ibyiyumvo byo kwiyumvamo cyangwa isoni.
Niba uri umuntu mukuru ufite ikibazo cyo kudahuzagurika, uburyo bwo kuvura indwara mu mivugire buracyafite akamaro kanini. Bushobora kuguha ibikoresho ngiro byo gucunga iyo ndwara no kubaka icyizere mu itumanaho.
Guteza imbere ubuzima bwo mu mutwe
Gushyira imbere ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe umuntu arwaye indwara yo kudindiza. Kuvugana n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe, umuganga wo mu mutwe, cyangwa umujyanama wemewe bishobora kugufasha wowe cyangwa umwana wawe guhangana n'imihangayiko, ubwoba bwo kubana n'abandi, cyangwa kwiheba.
Kwita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umwana ni ingenzi cyane, kuko rimwe na rimwe ashobora guhura n'ibibazo byo gushinyagurirwa cyangwa gutotezwa na bagenzi be. Gukemura ibi bibazo hakiri kare birinda ingaruka zo guhangayika no kwiheba ku kwihesha agaciro.
Wibuke ko kutigita si ikosa ryawe, kandi si ikosa ry'umwana wawe. Ni ikibazo cy'uburwayi, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyo kugira isoni.
Ni ryari wagombye kubonana na muganga?
Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ikibazo cyo kudahuzagurika, shaka ubuyobozi ku muganga w’ibanze cyangwa ku muganga w’abana. Ku bana, gukurikirana buri gihe ni ingenzi, nubwo benshi bazagenda barushaho kuba benshi badafite igihe cyo gukurikiranwa n’abaganga.
Igihe cyo Kwitabaza Ubuvuzi bwihutirwa
Kuziba kw'umuntu urwaye indwara yo mu bwonko bitunguranye—cyane cyane hamwe n'ibindi bimenyetso nko kugira intege nke, urujijo, cyangwa kugorwa no kuvuga—bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yo mu bwonko cyangwa imvune ikabije mu bwonko. Hamagara serivisi z'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (nka 911) cyangwa ujye mu biro by'ubutabazi byihutirwa biri hafi yawe muri ibi bihe. Niba kuziba kw'umuntu urwaye indwara yo mu bwonko bikomeje kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, teganya gahunda yihutirwa yo kubonana na muganga, kuko bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cy'imitsi.
Ese kuvuga nabi ni ikimenyetso cy'imihangayiko?
Oya, gutitira si ubwoko bw'imihangayiko. Ni indwara zitandukanye. Ariko, bafitanye isano ya hafi, ishingiye ku cyerekezo kimwe: gutitira bishobora gutera cyangwa bikarushaho guhangayika mu mibanire y'abantu, kandi kumva uhangayitse cyangwa ufite stress bishobora kongera cyane umutitira.
Ese gucurama bishobora kuvurwa?
Nubwo nta muti umwe cyangwa "umuti" wihuse wo kuvura indwara yo kudindiza, gukira birashoboka cyane. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga n'ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimenyetso bufasha gukira cyane, bigafasha abana benshi gutsinda iyo ndwara burundu.
Nafasha nte umwana wanjye urwaye indwara yo kutavuga?
Niba umwana wawe atitira, hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingirakamaro ushobora kumushyigikiramo:
- Tegura imvugo itinze kandi ituje: Vuga buhoro kandi utuje. Ibi bishyiraho umuvuduko usanzwe kandi utihuta umwana wawe ashobora kwigana nta gahato.
- Ntuzigere ubaha cyangwa ngo umunenga kubera ko avuga nabi: Guhana cyangwa gukurura ibitekerezo bibi ku mvugo ye bizamwongerera imihangayiko, bigatuma arushaho kurakara.
- Tega amatwi witonze: Menya neza ko umwana wawe amenye ko umwitaho cyane. Ntukihutire kumusubiza akimara kurangiza. Gerageza kumanuka ugere ku buso bwe kandi ukomeze kumureba mu maso neza.
- Ntukagire icyo uvuga cyangwa ngo urangize interuro ze: Ibande ku byo umwana wawe avuga, ntukibande ku buryo abivuga. Irinde icyifuzo cyo kurangiza interuro ze cyangwa ngo utange inama z'uburyo bwo kuvuga.
- Hubaka kwihesha agaciro: Shimira umwana wawe ibintu akora neza bitajyanye no kuvuga. Emera ubuhanga bwe, guhanga udushya, n'ubugwaneza kugira ngo yubake icyizere gikomeye.
- Marana umwanya mwiza kandi udafite ecran: Muhe umwana wawe umwanya wibanda ku byo akora kandi utagira icyo ubura. Ibi bimuha umutekano ukomeye mu byiyumvo kandi bimufasha mu buzima bwe bwo mu mutwe muri rusange.
- Kuraho isura y'umuntu urwaye indwara yo gucurama: Bwira umwana wawe ko nta kibazo cyo kuvuga ku bijyanye n'indwara ye yo gucurama. Kuganira ku byiyumvo byo kurakara cyangwa isoni bishobora kugabanya amarangamutima mabi ayikikije.
- Tanga icyizere kidakuka:Menyesha umwana wawe ko umushyigikiye uko byagenda kose, kandi umenye neza ko kujijinganya kwe ntaho bihuriye n'agaciro ke nk'umuntu.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yo kudidimanga no kudidimanga ni irihe?
Mu mateka, "gutitira" no "gutitira" byasobanuraga imiterere itandukanye gato yo guhagarika imvugo, nubwo bifitanye isano rya hafi:
- Kuvuga nabi: Gusubiramo vuba ijwi, inyuguti, cyangwa ijambo ry'inyuguti imwe (urugero, "III ndashaka").
- Kuvuga nabi: Guhagarara kenshi, kuziba, cyangwa icyuho mu mivugire y'amagambo (urugero, "Ndashaka ... kujya ... ku ishuri").
Kubera ko abantu benshi bafite ibibazo byo kuvuga neza bagaragaza imyitwarire yombi, aya magambo akoreshwa kimwe muri iki gihe. Mu buvuzi bwa none no mu buzima bwa buri munsi, "kudidimanga" (bikunze kugaragara muri Amerika) na "kudidimanga" (bikunze kugaragara mu Bwongereza) bivuga indwara imwe.
Ubutumwa bwawe bwo kujyana mu rugo
Guhangana n'umuntu urwaye indwara yo gucurama bishobora kubabaza kandi bigatuma umuntu yigunga mu myaka iyo ari yo yose, kandi kugira impungenge cyangwa isoni ni ibisanzwe rwose. Ariko wibuke buri gihe: gucurama ni indwara iterwa n'umubiri, si inenge y'umuntu ku giti cye, kandi si ikintu cyo kugira isoni.
Abantu benshi cyane—harimo abayobozi ku isi, abakinnyi batsindiye ibihembo, n'abakinnyi b'abahanga—babayeho n'indwara yo gutitira kandi bagera ku ntsinzi idasanzwe. Binyuze mu buvuzi bw'imivugire n'ubufasha buhamye, wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kubona injyana yanyu isanzwe kandi muvuga mufite icyizere cyinshi. Niba mukeka ko wowe cyangwa umwana wanyu muhanganye n'indwara yo gutitira, ntimutindiganye kuvugana n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima cyangwa inzobere mu by'imivugire. Ijwi ryanyu ni ingenzi, kandi inkunga irahari buri gihe.
