Ibintu wifuza kumenya kuri marijuana!

Ugomba kuba warumvise ibya marijuana, si byo se? Hari abantu bayita hemp , ganja, ibyatsi, n'inkono. Mu by'ukuri ni ikintu gishobora guteza impinduka mu bitekerezo byacu iyo bikoreshejwe. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri marijuana mu buryo burambuye kandi bworoshye.

Ese urumogi n'urumogi ni kimwe?

Nubwo abantu bakunze gukoresha amagambo "marijuana" na "urumogi" mu buryo bumwe, hari itandukaniro rito riri hagati y'ibyo byombi. Reka turebe icyo ari cyo.

• Urumogi: Mu magambo make, ibi bivuga ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikomoka ku kimera cyitwa Cannabis sativa. Bivuze indabyo zumye, amababi, amashami, n'imbuto z'ikimera. Iki kimera kirimo imiti irenga 500 itandukanye. Ushobora kuba warumvise cannabidiol (CBD). Iyo ni imwe mu miti iboneka muri iki kimera.

• Marijuana: Ibi bivuga igice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'ikimera cya Cannabis sativa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byacyo, ariko cyane cyane ibikubiyemo ingano nini ya tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) . Ni iyi THC igira ingaruka cyane ku bwonko kandi igatera kumva "uri hejuru cyane."

Urabyumva none? Marijuana nayo ni ubwoko bwa cannabis. Ariko, si ubwoko bwose bwa cannabis ari marijuana. Kuko si ubwoko bwose bwa cannabis burimo THC ikora ku bwenge.

Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikoreshwa rya marijuana rirakunze kugaragara, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Ariko, mu rwego rwa siyansi, hari byinshi tutazi kuri marijuana. Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga ingaruka zayo z'igihe gito n'iz'igihe kirekire.

Ese urumogi ni ikiyobyabwenge kivura indwara zo mu mutwe?

Mu bihe byashize, abahanga mu bya siyansi bashyize iki kinyabutabire muri marijuana, THC, mu rwego rwo kuvura imitekerereze mibi. Ariko, si ko ikoreshwa ryose rya marijuana ritanga izi ngaruka.

Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibihe byo kwibagirwa nyuma yo kunywa marijuana. Ariko, ibi bitandukanye n'ibyo umuntu ashobora guhura na byo bitewe n'ibindi bintu byo kwibagirwa nka LSD, psilocybin (iboneka mu bihumyo by'ubumaji), cyangwa ecstasy. Ibi bigaragaza ko ingaruka za marijuana zishobora gukora mu buryo butandukanye n'izindi miti.

Marijuana yo kwa muganga ni iki?

Ushobora kuba warumvise ijambo "marijuana ikoreshwa mu buvuzi." Intara zimwe na zimwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifite amategeko yemerera ikoreshwa rya marijuana mu buvuzi. Aya mategeko akoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya ibimenyetso, atari mu kuvura indwara. Dore zimwe mu mikoreshereze ya marijuana ikoreshwa mu buvuzi:

• Kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw'igihe kirekire , cyane cyane ububabare bw'imitsi. Ibi bishobora kandi gufasha kugabanya ikoreshwa rya opioid , ubwoko bw'imiti igabanya ububabare ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ububabare.
• Kugabanya isesemi no kuruka (nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare bwo mu nda).
• Kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso by'indwara nka ' Multiple Sclerosis (MS),' urugero, ibintu nko gukomera kw'imitsi (Spasticity).
• Kugira ngo wongere ubushake bwo kurya .

Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika ( FDA ) cyashyize urumogi mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’umuti, bivuze ko rudakoreshwa mu buvuzi muri iki gihe kandi rurakurura cyane . Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaganga ntibashobora kwandika urumogi. Ariko, muri leta aho byemewe n’amategeko, abaganga bashobora kwemeza ikoreshwa ryarwo nk'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe.

FDA ntabwo yemeje urumogi kuvura indwara iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, yemeje bimwe mu bintu bisukuye (bigereranywa) bikomoka kuri urumogi. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Cannabidiol (Epidiolex®): Ibi bifasha gukumira no kugenzura indwara z'igicuri ku bantu bafite ubwoko bubiri bw'indwara z'igicuri budasanzwe bwitwa Lennox-Gastaut syndrome na Dravet syndrome. Uyu ni umuti utangwa na muganga, bitandukanye n'ibicuruzwa bya CBD ushobora kugura muri farumasi.
• Dronabinol (Marinol®) na Nabilone (Cesamet®): Iyi miti ifasha mu gukumira no kuvura isesemi no kuruka biterwa na chimiotherapie ku barwayi ba kanseri. Dronabinol ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara nko kubura ubushake bwo kurya no kugabanya ibiro ku barwayi ba virusi itera SIDA cyangwa abanduye agakoko gatera SIDA.

Ariko, kubera ko hakiri ikibazo cy’ubushakashatsi burambuye n’igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi ku ikoreshwa ry’urumogi mu buvuzi, si ibitaro byose n’abaganga bemeza urumogi mu buvuzi, ndetse n’aho byemewe n’amategeko.

Ingaruka zo gukoresha marijuana ni izihe?

Marijuana igira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo:

• Ubumenyi bw'uturemangingo twawe.
• imyaka yawe.
• Igitsina cyawe.
• Ingano n'ubukana bwa marijuana ukoresha.
• Uburyo unywa urumogi/THC (unywa itabi, unywa divayi, cyangwa ukarirya).
• Igihe umaze ukoresha marijuana n'inshuro uyikoresha.
• Waba ukoresha indi miti cyangwa imiti.

Bityo rero, icyo wumva uvuye kuri marijuana gishobora kuba gitandukanye n'icyo undi muntu yumva. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo ingaruka zo gukoresha marijuana mu bihe bitandukanye, ndetse no ku muntu umwe, zishobora kuba zitandukanye.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kunywa urumogi bigira ingaruka nyinshi z'igihe gito n'igihe kirekire. Nyamara, abashakashatsi baracyabyiga, cyane cyane ingaruka z'igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka z'igihe gito

Iyo unywa urumogi, ikinyabutabire cya THC cyinjira vuba mu maraso binyuze mu bihaha. Amaraso ajyana THC mu bwonko no mu zindi ngingo. Ariko iyo uriye cyangwa unywa urumogi, THC yinjira buhoro buhoro. Ubusanzwe bifata igice cy'isaha cyangwa isaha kugira ngo ingaruka zigaragare.

Ikinyabutabire `THC` gisa n'ikinyabutabire `Anandamide` gikorerwa mu mibiri yacu mu buryo busanzwe. Bityo, `THC` ishobora gukora nka `Anandamide` no kwihambira kuri `Anandamide` receptors mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko. Muri ubu buryo, `THC` iri muri marijuana ikora ibice by'ubwonko bifite izi receptor nyinshi, bigatera ingaruka zitandukanye.

Dore zimwe mu ngaruka z'igihe gito zijyanye n'imikorere y'ubwonko:

• Impinduka mu buryo abantu bumva ibintu. Ibi bivuze ko amabara ashobora kugaragara neza kurusha uko bisanzwe, kandi impumuro ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane.
• Uburyo abantu babona igihe n'umwanya bwahindutse.
• Ibyishimo bidasanzwe (Euphoria) n'impinduka mu byiyumvo.
• Kugorwa no gutekereza no gukemura ibibazo.
• Kudakomeza kwibuka.
• Urujijo no kubura aho ureba.
• Kumva ufite umutwe urekuye cyangwa usinziriye (gutuza).
• Kuzungera.
• Ibibazo byo kuringaniza umubiri (Guhuza imikorere).
• Umuvuduko wo gusubiza buhoro.
• Hari igihe umuntu ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhangayika, nk'igitero cy'ubwoba .

Iyo ufashe marijuana nyinshi, ibintu bikurikira bishobora kubaho:

• Kubona ibintu nk'aho nta kintu kigaragara ni ukumva ibintu bitabaho cyangwa ukumva ibintu bitariho.
• Kwizera ibintu bitari ukuri (Delusions).
• Ihungabana ry'imitekerereze. Izi ngaruka ziba nyinshi iyo usanzwe unywa urumogi.

Izindi ngaruka zisanzwe z'igihe gito:

• Umunwa wumye.
• Isesemi.
• Umutima utera cyane (kugeza amasaha atatu nyuma yo kunywa itabi).
• Kwongera ubushake bwo kurya.

Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire

Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga ku ngaruka z'igihe kirekire zo gukoresha urumogi. Dore bimwe mu byavumbuwe kugeza ubu:

• Marijuana, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe mu bwana, mbere y'uko ubwonko bukura neza , ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bumwe na bumwe bukorwa mu bwonko. Ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bintu nko kwita ku bintu, kwibuka no kwiga. Izi ngaruka zishobora kumara igihe kirekire ndetse zikanahoraho .
• Kunywa itabi ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, harimo n'urumogi, bishobora kwangiza ibihaha, bronchitis, no gutera inkovu ku mitsi mito y'amaraso.
• Kunywa urumogi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko, indwara z'umutima, n'izindi ndwara z'imitsi .
• Ibikoresho byo kunywa itabi birimo THC byagaragaye ko bitera ibibazo by'ibihaha, ndetse bikaba byanatera urupfu.
• Abantu bakoresha urumogi kenshi kandi bafite imiterere y’uturemangingo yo kurwara indwara zo mu mutwe, nka schizophrenia , bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara izi ndwara.
• Abantu bakoresha dose nyinshi ya THC igihe kirekire bafite ibyago byo kurwara indwara yitwa Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, itera kuruka kenshi kandi gukabije.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ikoreshwa ry'urumogi igihe kirekire rifitanye isano na:

• Indwara y'amenyo.
• Abantu barwaye indwara ya sickle cell bakunze kugira ibibazo bibabaza.
• Guhagarika ikorwa ry'intanga ngore (spermatogenesis) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku burumbuke.

Ese hari inyungu zo gukoresha marijuana?

Mu by’ukuri, abahanga mu bya siyansi n’abaganga ntibashobora kwemeza neza ko urumogi rufite izi nyungu rusange. Ibyo biterwa nuko nta bushakashatsi buhagije bwakozwe ku byiza by’uyu muti mu buvuzi, cyane cyane ingaruka zawo z’igihe kirekire. Kandi uburyo urumogi rugira ingaruka kuri buri muntu buratandukanye cyane.

Nubwo buri muntu ashobora kuvuga ko yabonye inyungu zimwe na zimwe ku giti cye, biragoye gufata umwanzuro uhamye bitewe n'ibi bintu byose.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zo gukoresha marijuana?

Uretse ingaruka z’ikoreshwa ry’urumogi ku buzima bw’abantu vuba na bwa nyuma, hari n’izindi ngaruka nyinshi:

• Gukoresha urumogi bifitanye isano no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo gukora impanuka z'imodoka.
• Ku bantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 65, kunywa urumogi bifitanye isano no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo gukora impanuka.
• Bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya cannabis/marijuana bishobora kuba byarandujwe na mikorobe, imiti yica udukoko, cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza ubuzima.
• Bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya cannabis/marijuana bishobora kuba birimo ingano zitandukanye cyane za cannabinoids n'ibyanditse ku kirango.

Indwara yo gukoresha urumogi ni iki?

Umuntu umwe mu bantu 10 bakuru banywa urumogi arwara indwara yitwa Cannabis Use Disorder . Iyi nayo ni ubwoko bw'indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge (SUD) . Muri make, ni indwara yo mu mutwe. Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo umuntu akoresha ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo butunguranye, bigatuma agira ibibazo cyangwa akabangamira ubuzima bwe. Iyo ibi birushijeho kuba bibi, tubyita ubusinzi .

Icy'ingenzi ni uko abana bato bakoresha urumogi bafite amahirwe akubye inshuro enye kugeza kuri zirindwi yo kurwara indwara yo gukoresha urumogi kurusha abantu bakuru.

Iyi ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe, imibanire yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka ubufasha ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara bikimara kugaragara.

Urumogi n'igifu

Iki ni ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane. Ibigo by’ubuvuzi nka FDA bitanga inama ikomeye yo kwirinda gukoresha ikintu cyose kirimo 'CBD' cyangwa 'THC', harimo na marijuana, mu gihe utwite cyangwa wonsa.

Gukoresha urumogi mu gihe utwite bishobora gutera ibi bikurikira:

• Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda. THC ishobora kwinjira mu bwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda ivuye mu maraso ya nyina. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko uku guhura n'ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwita ku mwana, kwibuka no gukemura ibibazo.
• Ibyago byo kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike bishobora kwiyongera.
• Ibyago byo kubyara umwana utarageza igihe ndetse no kubyara umwana upfuye bishobora kwiyongera.

Amashereka ashobora kuba arimo THC mu gihe cy'iminsi itandatu nyuma yo kunywa marijuana. Kubwibyo, ugomba kwirinda gukoresha marijuana mu gihe wonsa . THC ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana wawe.

Umwotsi wa marijuana urimo ibintu byinshi byangiza nk'umwotsi w'itabi. Kubwibyo, ugomba kwirinda kunywa marijuana imbere y'impinja cyangwa abana bato.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Nkuko mubibona, urumogi rufite ingaruka nyinshi z'igihe gito n'iz'igihe kirekire. Inyinshi muri zo ziracyari kwigwaho n'abahanga mu bya siyansi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwitonda cyane mu gihe ukoresha urumogi n'ibindi bicuruzwa byarwo.

Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi ku ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu buvuzi, cyangwa niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba ufite ikibazo cyo gukoresha urumogi, vugana na muganga wawe . Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

Wibuke ko ubuzima bwawe ari cyo kintu cy'agaciro kurusha ibindi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri buri kintu cyose mbere yo gukoresha ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, cyane cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga.

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