Niba umuntu wa hafi yawe cyangwa uwo ukunda afite ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ), hari igihe ushobora gusanga imyitwarire imwe n'imwe y'uwo muntu ikubangamiye, we ubwe cyangwa abandi. Mu by'ukuri, iyi myitwarire ishobora kuba ifitanye isano itaziguye n'indwara ya ADHD. Abantu bakuru bose bafite ADHD si bo bakunda kugira imyitwarire ishobora guteza akaga, ariko abenshi ni bo bayigira.
Kuki ibi bibaho? Impamvu ni iyihe?
Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe impamvu, tugomba kwinjira mu bwonko buhoro buhoro. Muri make, ubwonko bwacu bufite imiti yihariye ijyana ubutumwa hirya no hino. Tuyita iyi mikorobe. Dopamine ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyane kigenzura ibintu nk'ibyishimo byacu, kunyurwa, no kwitabwaho.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko urugero rwa dopamine mu bwonko bw'abantu bafite ADHD muri rusange ruri hasi gato.
Stephanie Sarkis, PhD, umujyanama mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, agira ati: "Iyo ushutswe no gukora ibintu bishobora guteza akaga, urugero rwa dopamine mu bwonko ruriyongera mu buryo butunguranye. Kubera ko abantu bafite ADHD babona iyo dopamine 'kick' badafite mu bintu nk'ibi, bashobora gukururwa n'ibyo bintu bishobora guteza akaga batabizi."
Ibyo bivuze ko bumva banyuzwe kandi bishimye gato iyo batwaye imodoka vuba cyangwa bagakoresha amafaranga nabi. Ibi biterwa nuko icyo gihe babona dopamine nke. Byongeye kandi, zimwe mu ngaruka za genetiki zishobora gutuma abantu bafite ADHD barushaho kugira imyumvire mibi no gukora ibintu bitunguranye.
Kuri bamwe, ibi bibazo bishobora kuba bito nko gutinda mu nama. Ariko ku bandi, bishobora kuba bikomeye nko kunywa umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga. Rero, gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati ya ADHD n'iyi myitwarire ishobora guteza akaga ni ingenzi kuri wowe n'uwo ukunda ufite ADHD.
Ibibazo bisanzwe n'imyitwarire iteje akaga ifitanye isano na ADHD
Reka turebere hamwe bimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara hamwe n'imyitwarire ishobora guteza akaga ijyanye na ADHD.
| Imyitwarire/ikibazo giteye akaga | Ibisobanuro bito |
|---|---|
| Ingorane zo gutangira cyangwa kurangiza akazi | Bishobora kuba umukoro cyangwa akazi. Nubwo watangira, biragoye gukomeza kwibandaho no kurangiza. |
| Kutubahiriza amasezerano no gutinda | Ni ibisanzwe kubona abantu badakora akazi ku gihe kandi bakererwa mu gihe cyo gukora imirimo no mu nshingano. |
| Gukoresha amafaranga nabi | Tudafite gahunda, dukoresha amafaranga menshi cyane ku buryo butunguranye. Tuzabyicuza nyuma. |
| Intonganya zikunze kubaho | Kurakara vuba no gutongana bishobora guhungabanya imibanire myiza. |
| Ingorane zo kubungabunga umubano | Biragoye gukomeza ubucuti n'imibanire y'urukundo. |
| Gutwara imodoka mu buryo buteje akaga | Umuvuduko ukabije no kunyura hejuru y’imodoka mu buryo butunguranye ni byo bishobora gutera impanuka. |
| Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'inzoga | Abantu bafite ADHD bafite amahirwe angana n'inshuro esheshatu yo kuba imbata y'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga. |
| Imyitwarire y'imibonano mpuzabitsina iteje akaga | Bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ibintu nko gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye. |
Uretse ibi bintu, ibidukikije byo mu muryango, inshuti, ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe nko kwiheba, cyangwa ibikomere byo mu mutwe nabyo bishobora gutuma iyi myitwarire iteza akaga irushaho kwiyongera.
Nagufasha nte?
Niba hari umuntu uzi urwaye ADHD ukora bene izi ngeso mbi, hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora kugira ngo umufashe.
1. Ntugashinje, gerageza kumva.
Igikuru ni ukwibuka ko ADHD ari indwara y’umubiri, ubwonko , n’imiterere y’uturemangingo . Si ikintu umuntu wese ashobora guhimba nkana. Ni ukuri, kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka nyazo.
Iyo umuganirije neza kandi ukumva aho kurakara cyangwa kumunenga, ashobora kukwizera no kukuganiriza ikibazo afite iyo afite.
2. Tegura kandi wifatanye nabyo.
Uduce tw'imbere tw'ubwonko bwacu ni two dushinzwe gutunganya no gutegura ejo hazaza. Iki gice cy'ubwonko gikora mu buryo butandukanye gato iyo ufite ADHD.
Rero, mufashe gutegura umunsi we no gushyiraho gahunda. Urugero, mwembi mushobora gukora kalendari hamwe no kugira akamenyero ko gukora ibintu bimwe na bimwe icyarimwe buri munsi. Ibi bizamufasha kudatinda no kutubahiriza amasezerano.
3. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri hamwe
Ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekana ko imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso bya ADHD. Impamvu imwe ni uko n'iminota mike gusa yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kongera urugero rw'ibinyabutabire mu bwonko nka dopamine. Niba ushobora kongera urugero rwa dopamine binyuze mu buryo bwiza nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ushobora kudakora imyitwarire mibi nko kunywa inzoga cyangwa gutwara imodoka vuba cyane.
4. Kohereza ubuvuzi kandi ubishishikarize
Imiti ivura ADHD ishobora gufasha cyane bamwe. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko iyo abagabo bafite ADHD bafashe imiti yabo neza, bashoboraga kugabanya ibyago byo gukora impanuka y'imodoka ku kigero kirenga 50%.
Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT) nabwo bufite akamaro kanini mu kugabanya ibimenyetso bya ADHD. Bukubiyemo kumenya ibitekerezo bibi byacu, kubihindura no kunoza imyitwarire yacu.
Madamu Sarkis agira ati: "Ibisubizo biba byinshi cyane iyo imiti n'ubujyanama bikoreshejwe hamwe. Niba rero uwo ukunda atarimo kubonana n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa umujyanama, mwohereze kuri umwe."
Ni ngombwa kubonana na muganga w’inzobere mu kuvura indwara ya ADHD kugira ngo amenye niba uwo ukunda akeneye imiti. Nubwo ADHD idashobora gukira burundu, ubuvuzi bukwiye bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- ADHD si ikintu umuntu akora abigambiriye, ni indwara nyayo.
- Imyitwarire itera ibyago ikunze kujyana n'urugero ruto rwa dopamine mu bwonko.
- Birushaho kuba ingirakamaro kumva no gushyigikira aho kurakara.
- Kubafasha gutegura umunsi wabo no gushyiraho gahunda y'ibikorwa byabo bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
- Mu gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri hamwe, mushobora kugabanya imyitwarire ishobora guteza akaga.
- Igikuru ni ugushishikariza abantu gushaka inama n'ubuvuzi kwa muganga ufite ubumenyi muri urwo rwego.
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