Ese uzi umuntu uyobora amaso yawe uku n'uku? Reka tuvuge ku mitsi y'amaso!

Ese wigeze wibaza ukuntu amaso yawe akora mu buryo butangaje, kandi utabizi? Tureba hirya no hino buri segonda, dusoma igitabo, tureba kuri telefoni yacu, cyangwa tureba inshuti iyo tuvugana na yo. Ibi byose, ni ukuvuga, ikidufasha kwibanda neza ku byo tureba, ni imitsi mito ariko y'ingenzi cyane iri mu maso yacu. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri iyi mitsi y'amaso mu buryo burambuye.

Imitsi y'amaso ni iyihe? Iherereye he?

Mu magambo make, hari imitsi itandatu igenzura izenguruka ry'ijisho ryawe. Iyi mitsi niyo igufasha kwerekeza amaso yawe ku ruhande rumwe, hejuru, hasi, no mu buryo butambitse. Tekereza, niba uri kugenda mu muhanda ugahita ushaka kureba imodoka iturutse iburyo, cyangwa niba ushaka kureba inyoni iguruka hejuru, iyi ni yo mitsi iba ikora muri ako kanya.

Iyi mitsi yose ifatanye n'inyuma y'ijisho, niyo mpamvu abaganga rimwe na rimwe bayita imitsi yo hanze y'ijisho .

Nubwo iyi mitsi yo hanze y'amaso igenzura cyane cyane icyerekezo amaso yawe yerekezaho, inagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo ubona neza. Amaso yawe agomba guhuzwa , bivuze ko agomba kugenda icyarimwe, mu buryo bumwe, no ku muvuduko umwe. Niba itabikora, ntuzashobora gukora ibintu nko kubona uburebure bw'ingazi no kureba neza mu buryo bwa 3D. Tekereza uko byagenda uramutse umanuka ku ngazi kandi ntushobore gupima uburebure bw'ingazi neza. Ibi bisaba ko imitsi yo mu maso yawe iba ihujwe neza.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'imitsi y'amaso.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'imitsi y'amaso. Ni:

1. Imitsi yo mu nda y'urutoki

2. Imitsi ya Oblique

1. Imitsi yo mu mfuruka

Hari imitsi ine yo mu jisho iri mu jisho. Dore amazina yayo n'aho iherereye:

• Rectus yo hejuru : Iyi iri hejuru y'ijisho. "Superior" bivuga "hejuru." Bityo ibi bifasha mu kuzamura ijisho.
• Inferior rectus : Iyi iri munsi y'ijisho. "Inferior" bivuga "hepfo." Ibi nibyo bihindura ijisho hasi.
• Impande zombi z'izuru : Iyi iri ku ruhande rw'izuru ryawe. "Medial" bivuga "kwegera hagati." Bityo iyi mitsi ifasha kwerekeza ijisho ku mazuru, ni ukuvuga imbere.
• Agace k'imbere k'uruti : Aka gaherereye ku ruhande rutari urw'izuru, ni ukuvuga, rwerekeza ku gutwi. "Uruti rw'imbere" bivuga "ku ruhande." Ibi bihindukiza ijisho inyuma, ni ukuvuga, ryerekeza ku gutwi.

2. Imitsi ya Oblique

Hariho kandi imitsi ibiri y'ijisho igoramye muri buri jisho. Iyi mitsi iragoye gato.

• Ibara ry'umukara ryihariye: Uyu mutsi ukora nk'umutsi. Utangirira inyuma y'ijisho ryawe, hejuru. Hanyuma uza imbere, unyura mu mwenge muto w'amagufwa witwa "trochlea" uri imbere mu mwobo w'ijisho, hanyuma ugafata ku mutsi wa rectus uri inyuma gato, hejuru y'ijisho. Inshingano yawo nyamukuru ni ukuzunguruka ijisho rikamanuka rigasohoka.
• Inferior oblique : Iyi ifata ku ruhande rwo hasi, rw'imbere rw'amaso. Ihera aho, ikagenda iva mu mazuru, ikazenguruka hepfo y'ijisho, hanyuma igafata ku mboni y'ijisho iri inyuma y'imitsi yo mu mpande z'ijisho. Ifasha cyane cyane kuzunguruka ijisho hejuru no hanze.

Imitsi y'amaso ikora ite?

Iyi mitsi itandatu yo hanze y'amaso yawe ikora mu buryo bubiri . Iyo imitsi imwe ikora, indi mitsi yo mu jisho rimwe ifasha kugenzura no kuringaniza iyo ngendo . Ni nk'intambara yo gukurura, aho iyo ukurura uruhande rumwe, urundi ruhande rukora mu cyerekezo gitandukanye. Niyo mpamvu amaso yawe ashobora guhindukira ku rugero runaka.

Hari ikindi kintu kidasanzwe. Uko ni ko amaso yawe akorana. Abaganga babyita "gushyira hamwe." Ni nk'inka ebyiri zihambiriwe hamwe zigatwarwa mu cyerekezo kimwe, bityo amaso yawe yombi agahindukira icyarimwe, mu cyerekezo kimwe. Niyo mpamvu amaso yawe agororotse, areba mu cyerekezo kimwe, areba ikintu kimwe.

Ni iyihe mitsi igenzura iyi mitsi?

Ubu ushobora kuba wibaza uburyo iyi mitsi y'amaso igenzurwa, sibyo? Ifashwa n'ubwoko butatu bwihariye bw'imitsi ituruka mu bwonko bwacu. Iyi mitsi yitwa imitsi yo mu mutwe .

• Umutsi wo mu bwonko wa gatatu (CN III) : Uyu kandi witwa umutsi wa oculomotor . Ugenzura imitsi itatu, rectus ihanitse, rectus ihanitse, na rectus ihanitse, hamwe na rectus ihanitse. Ibyo bivuze ko imitsi yose ine igenzurwa n'uyu mutsi!
• Umutsi wo mu bwonko IV (CN IV) : Uyu ni umutsi wo mu bwonko witwa trochlear . Ugenzura gusa imitsi yo mu bwonko ikomeye.
• Umutsi wo mu mutwe VI (CN VI) : Uyu witwa umutsi wo mu mutwe wa abducens . Ugenzura imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umugongo.

Iyi mitsi ikora neza bitewe n'ibimenyetso biva mu bwonko binyuze muri iyo mitsi.

Ni izihe ndwara n'indwara bikunze kugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaso?

Ikibabaje ni uko rimwe na rimwe iyi mitsi y'amaso ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ndwara zitandukanye. Izi zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri:

1. Indwara z'imitsi

2. Indwara ziterwa n'imitsi

Byongeye kandi,Ibikomere ku jisho, igihanga, cyangwa ingingo zikikije bishobora kwangiza imitsi y'amaso. Hari igihe, iyo habayeho igikomere gikomeye ku mutwe cyangwa mu maso, kuvunika igihanga bishobora gutuma imitsi y'ijisho ifatwa hagati y'igihanga n'ingingo zikikije. Abaganga babyita gufunga .

Iki ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi. Iyo imitsi idafunguwe vuba iyo ubaye, bishobora kwangirika burundu cyangwa ingorane zikomeye.

Indwara z'imitsi

Zimwe muri izi ndwara ni indwara zica intege imitsi. Zishobora kuragwa cyangwa zigakura uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ingero zimwe ni izi:

• Kurwara kwa Myotonic `(kurwara kwa Myotonic)`
• Kurwara imitsi yo mu maso ( OPMD )
• Indwara ya Kearns-Sayre
• Myositis (kubyimba kw'imitsi)
• Indwara y'amaso ya Tiroyide cyangwa indwara ya Graves
• Strabismus (amaso atareba mu cyerekezo kimwe) cyangwa Amblyopia (ijisho ry'ubunebwe)
• Amoko amwe ya kanseri (ariko ibi ni gake cyane)

Indwara ziterwa n'imitsi

Ubu tuzi ko imitsi ihuza imitsi y'amaso n'ubwonko ari ingenzi cyane mu mikorere y'amaso. Bityo rero, indwara iyo ari yo yose yangiza imitsi itatu yo mu bwonko yavuzwe mbere cyangwa ubwonko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo amaso agenda.

Indwara yo mu bwonko itera imitsi ku magufwa ni ubwoko bw'indwara y'imitsi ifata uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Ishobora gufata iyo mitsi yose muri iyo itatu, ariko indwara ya gatandatu (abducens) yo mu bwonko ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane. Zimwe muri zo zishobora kubaho igihe umuntu avuka, ariko nyinshi ziterwa n'imvune cyangwa indwara umuntu amaze mu zabukuru.

Izindi ndwara ziterwa n'imitsi zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaso zirimo:

• Myasthenia gravis
• Sclerosis nyinshi
• Ibitero by'indwara ya stroke n'indwara y'imisemburo y'igihe gito (TIAs)
• Ibibyimba na kanseri yo mu bwonko, cyangwa izifata imitsi yo mu bwonko ihuza imitsi y'amaso
• Ubwivumbure buterwa n'ibisebe by'imitsi cyangwa ubwonko, cyangwa indwara nka Lyme
• Indwara zo mu mutwe
• Indwara ya Parkinson n'indwara ya Parkinson

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bifitanye isano n'imitsi y'amaso?

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara by’ibibazo byo kugenda kw’amaso birimo:

• Ijisho rimanuka (Ptosis)
• Ijisho ryihuse riva ku ruhande rumwe rijya ku rundi cyangwa mu ruziga (Nystagmus)
• Guhindura imiterere y'amaso mu gihe ukoresha amaso yombi, urugero nka exotropia (amaso ahindukirira inyuma) na esotropia (amaso ahindukirira imbere)
• Iyo ijisho rimwe rifunze, irindi jisho ntirirerekeza mu cyerekezo kimwe, urugero nk'ijisho rya exophoria na esophoria.
• Indwara y'amaso iterwa n'ingufu za kirimbuzi (intranuclear ophthalmoplegia)

Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bibaho bitewe nuko amaso yawe adahagaze neza kandi adashobora kugenda mu buryo bumwe. Ingero:

• Kutabona neza kw'amaso (kudashobora guhuza neza ibyo ubonye n'amaso yombi)
• Kureba kabiri (diplopia)
• Kureba nabi
• Kuzungera
• Vertigo (kumva nk'aho ibikukikije birimo kuzunguruka)
• Kurwara imitsi, isesemi cyangwa kuruka
• Kubabara amaso (asthenopia)

Ni gute wagenzura ubuzima bw'imitsi y'amaso?

Isuzuma ry'imitsi y'amaso ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura imikorere y'imitsi y'amaso yawe. Muri iki kizamini, muganga wawe azagusaba kwimura amaso yawe mu buryo bwihariye . Niba amaso yawe adakora neza, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'indwara iri inyuma.

Hariho kandi ibizamini byinshi bya laboratwari bishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara z'imitsi y'amaso. Ibi bikunze kuba ibizamini by'amaraso. Bishaka antibodies zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso. Ibi bizamini bya laboratwari ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma ibintu nk'indwara ya tiroyide n'indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara z'imitsi y'amaso?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'imitsi y'amaso buratandukanye cyane. Hari indwara zishobora guhinduka hatabayeho kuvurwa . Niba hari ikibazo cy’inyuma gitera ibibazo byo kugenda kw'amaso, kuvura ikibazo cy’inyuma bishobora no koroshya ibibazo by'amaso.

Hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo kugenda kw'amaso bisaba kuvurwa mu buryo butaziguye. Hari uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Imiti : Ibi biterwa n'uburwayi ufite, ariko hari n'ibindi bintu bishobora kugira uruhare.
• Kubaga : Niba ubundi buryo bwo kuvura budakora neza nk'uko ubyifuza, kubaga bishobora kuba ingirakamaro. Ariko, kubera ko kubaga bigoye gato, akenshi si bwo buryo bwa mbere.

Inzobere mu by’amaso yawe cyangwa undi muvuzi w’indwara ashobora kukubwira byinshi ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kuvura bujyanye n’uburwayi bwawe. Bazahuza amakuru ajyanye n’amateka y’ubuzima bwawe, ibyo ukeneye, n’ibyo ukunda.

Ni gute nakwita ku mitsi y'amaso yanjye?

Hari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi ushobora gukora kugira ngo imitsi y'amaso yawe ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza:

• Jya gupimwa amaso buri gihe : Umuganga w'amaso yawe yatojwe kumenya ibibazo bijyanye no guhuza amaso n'imitsi y'amaso umuntu usanzwe ashobora kutabasha kubona.
• Ambara ubwirinzi bw'amaso : Gukomereka ku maso, mu maso, cyangwa ku mutwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaso bigatuma ihagarika gukora neza. Kubwibyo, kwambara ubwirinzi bw'amaso bukwiye, nk'indorerwamo z'amaso cyangwa indorerwamo zirinda ingaruka, bishobora kukurinda imvune zikomeye, zishobora kuba zidashira, ndetse n'ibyangiritse.

Ni ryari ugomba gushaka inama kwa muganga ku bibazo by'amaso?

Ibibazo byo kugenda kw'amaso rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara zikomeye cyane, ndetse zishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . Bityo rero, niba ufite ikibazo cyo kugenda kw'amaso yawe mu bihe bikurikira, ugomba gushaka abaganga bihutirwa :

• Iyo bibayeho mu buryo butunguranye : Impinduka zitunguranye mu kugenzura uko amaso agenda cyangwa kureba bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.
• Nyuma y’ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’impanuka cyangwa imvune ku mutwe cyangwa mu maso : Gucika intege mu mutwe no mu zindi mvune bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi y’amaso, ibyo bikaba ari ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya stroke : Ibi birimo intege nke cyangwa ibinya ku ruhande rumwe rw'ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru, kugorwa no kuvuga cyangwa kumva ibyo abandi bavuga, cyangwa kunama ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura.

Ni byiza kwibuka ko niba ufite gushidikanya, ntugatinde kuvurwa. Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka z'uburwayi bwawe.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Niba urimo gusoma iyi nkuru, shimira imitsi y'amaso yawe. Ni yo mitsi igufasha kwerekeza amaso yawe ku ijambo rimwe ku rindi. Imitsi y'amaso ni igice kinini cy'ubuzima bw'abantu benshi, ariko ntabwo tuyitekerezaho cyane, si byo se?

Ni ngombwa kurinda amaso yawe imvune. Kandi ntukibagirwe kwipimisha amaso buri gihe . Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso bishobora gusa nkaho bifitanye isano n'imitsi y'amaso yawe, nubwo byaba bisa n'aho ari bito. Kwita ku mitsi y'amaso yawe neza bizagufasha gukomeza gushakisha aho ushaka kujya n'aho ushaka kujya.

Imitsi y'amaso , imitsi y'amaso, imyitwarire y'amaso, kureba, imitsi, ibimenyetso, ubuzima bw'amaso