Byose wifuza kumenya ku bijyanye no gupima indwara y'umusonga w'amagufwa!

Iyo muganga wawe akubwiye ko ugomba gupimwa umwongo w'amagufwa, ushobora kugira ubwoba gato kandi ukaba ufite amatsiko, sibyo? Ushobora kuba ufite ibibazo byinshi nko, "Ni iki? Kuki bikorwa? Bizabababaza?" Ntugahangayike, muri iyi nkuru tuzavuga kuri byose mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Isuzuma ry'umuhogo mu magufwa (Bone Marrow Biopsy) ni iki?

Muri make, isuzuma ry’umusemburo w’amagufwa ni ikizamini cyihariye gikorerwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara zijyanye n’amaraso yawe n’umusemburo w’amagufwa. Ese wari uzi ko umusemburo w’amagufwa ari cyo kintu cy’ingenzi mu mubiri wacu aho amaraso akorerwa? Ni nk’uruganda. Muri iki kizamini, muganga wawe akuramo icyitegererezo gito, cyangwa igice cy’uyu musemburo w’amagufwa imbere muri rimwe mu magufwa manini yawe. Hanyuma, umuganga w’inzobere witwa inzobere mu ndwara areba iki cyitegererezo akoresheje mikorosikopi maze agasuzuma ibimenyetso by’indwara iyo ari yo yose. Iki gipimo cy’umusemburo w’amagufwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara nyinshi, cyane cyane indwara zifitanye isano n’amaraso n’ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri.

None se, iyi soursour ni iki?

Tekereza, mu magufwa manini mu mubiri wacu, hari umwanya urimo ubusa, nk'imbere mu muyoboro. Muri uwo mwanya urimo ubusa hari icyo bita "Bone Marrow". Ugizwe n'ibice bibiri: igice cyoroshye, gifite umuyoboro, n'igice cy'amazi. Iki gice cy'umubiri mu muyoboro w'amagufwa ni cyo kirema ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi ku mubiri wacu:

• Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso : Utu ni uturemangingo dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu yose. Iyo duhumeka, umwuka wa ogisijeni winjira mu bihaha ukwirakwizwa muri buri turemangingo two mu mubiri binyuze muri utwo turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso : Kimwe n'ingabo zirinda umubiri wacu, uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuturinda mikorobe n'indwara zandura.
• Platelets: Ese uzi uburyo uhagarika kuva amaraso iyo ukomeretse? Izi platelets ziragufasha. Iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso wavunitse, zifatanya zigakora agahu gatuma amaraso ahagarara.

Igice cy'amazi cy'umusemburo w'amagufwa kirimo uturemangingo tw'inyuma , ni ukuvuga uturemangingo tutarakura ariko dushobora guhinduka uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes. Nanone, vitamine zikenewe kugira ngo utu turemangingo dukure zikorwa muri iki gice cy'amazi. Noneho ushobora kuba usobanukiwe ko biopsy y'umusemburo w'amagufwa isuzuma iki gice cy'imitsi. Ariko, hari ikindi kizamini cyitwa aspiration y'umusemburo w'amagufwa , isuzuma icyo gice cy'amazi. Akenshi, muganga wawe azakora iki gikorwa icyarimwe na biopsy.

Ni ryari muganga asaba ko habaho isuzuma ry'umusemburo w'amagufwa?

Gupima umwongo w'amagufwa bishobora guha abaganga amakuru menshi y'ingirakamaro. Ayo makuru bayakoresha kugira ngo:

• Kugira ngo upime cyangwa umenye indwara: Urugero, niba ubonye impinduka zidasanzwe mu mubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu gipimo cy'amaraso (cyaba kiri hasi cyane cyangwa kiri hejuru cyane), muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora biopsy. Ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma ibintu byinshi, harimo indwara ziterwa n'amaraso, kanseri, umuriro udasobanutse, n'indwara zandura.
• Niba urwaye kanseri, menya icyiciro cyayo: Icyiciro cya kanseri ni urugero yakwirakwiriyemo n'uburemere bwayo. Isuzuma ry'umusemburo w'amagufwa rishobora kugaragaza niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu musemburo w'amagufwa cyangwa niba ikibyimba cya kanseri mu musemburo w'amagufwa kirimo gukura.
• Genzura uko ubuvuzi bugenda: Hari igihe abaganga bakora iyi biopsy kugira ngo barebe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Urugero, umuntu uvurwa kanseri ashobora gupimwa buri gihe kugira ngo barebe niba umusokoro w'amagufwa ye urimo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ikindi kintu ni uko iyi biopsy ikoreshwa no kureba niba utanga amaraso ahuye neza n'umuntu ugiye guterwa umwongo w'amagufwa (allogeneic stem cell transplant ). Hari igihe umuntu ufite uturemangingo tw'amaraso duke cyane aba akeneye guterwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso duke cyane duturutse ku wundi muntu. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, uturemangingo tw'utanga amaraso n'utw'uhabwa amaraso tugomba guhura.

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kugaragara hakoreshejwe biopsy y'umusemburo w'amagufwa?

Ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma indwara zitera uturemangingo tw’amaraso twinshi cyane cyangwa duke cyane. Bunakoreshwa mu gusuzuma kanseri zigira ingaruka ku maraso yawe cyangwa umwongo w’amagufwa. Dore zimwe mu ndwara zishobora gutera ibi:

• Anemia: Kubura uturemangingo dutukura duhagije two gutwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Nanone tubyita " anemia ."
• Aplastic anemia: Indwara aho umwongo w'amagufwa udashobora gukora uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes bihagije.
• Leukopenia na leukocyte: Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera uri hasi cyane (leukopenia) cyangwa uri hejuru cyane (leukocyte).
• Thrombocytopenia na thrombocytose: Umubare wa platelets uri hasi cyane (thrombocytopenia) cyangwa uri hejuru cyane (thrombocytose).
• Polycythemia vera: Iyi ni kanseri idasanzwe mu maraso aho umworera w'amagufwa ukora uturemangingo twinshi cyane tw'amaraso dutukura.
• Leukemia: Kanseri y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Ishobora gutuma uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudasanzwe, cyane cyane uturemangingo tw'umweru, dukora.
• Lymphoma:Kanseri itera mu mitsi. Ibi bishobora kandi gutera ubusembwa mu mibare y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru n'udutukura.
• Myeloma nyinshi: Iyi nayo ni kanseri idasanzwe mu maraso. Yibasira uturemangingo twa plasma, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru.
• Kanseri zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri: Kanseri zitangirira ahandi mu mubiri (urugero: ibere, ibihaha) hanyuma zigakwirakwira ahandi, nko mu musemburo w'amagufwa.
• Myelofibrosis: Muri iki kibazo, umwongo w'amagufwa usimburwa n'inkovu z'imitsi.
• Myelodysplastic syndrome: Iyi ni indwara y'umusemburo w'amagufwa aho uturemangingo tw'umubiri tudakura neza.

Byongeye kandi, iyi biopsy ishobora no gufasha mu kumenya ubusembwa bwa chromosomes hamwe n'ibura rya vitamine zimwe na zimwe. Ubu busembwa bushobora gutuma umwongo w'amagufwa ukora uturemangingo dutukura dufite ishusho idasanzwe cyangwa tunini.

Ni nde uri gukora iyi biopsy?

Ubu buryo bwo gupima umwongo w'amagufwa bukunze gukorwa n'umuganga wihariye mu ndwara zifitanye isano n'amaraso (umuganga w'amaraso) cyangwa umuganga wihariye mu ndwara za kanseri (umuganga w'indwara za kanseri) .

Ubyitegura ute? Ni iki ugomba gukora?

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ikizamini kandi aguhe amabwiriza y'uko wakwitegura. Urugero, niba uhawe umuti ugabanya ububabare kugira ngo usinzire ku munsi w'ikizamini, ushobora gusabwa kwiyiriza ubusa ijoro ribanziriza ikizamini. Niba ari uko bimeze, uzakenera gushaka umuntu wo kugutwara mu modoka akagutwara mu rugo. Muganga wawe azakenera kumenya amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi n'imiti yose urimo gufata ubu. Rero, menya neza ko ubabwira ibi bikurikira:

• Ese ufite ikibazo kibuza amaraso yawe kuzura byoroshye (nk'indwara ya hemophilia)?
• Ese hari imiti ufata (cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso)?
• Ese ufata vitamine cyangwa inyunganiramirire?
• Ese hari imiti ufite allergie?

Nanone, niba utwite, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga. Mu kubabwira ibi byose mbere y'igihe, itsinda ry'abaganga rishobora kugufasha gukora iki kizamini mu mutekano kandi neza.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe cyo gupimwa?

Gupima umwongo w'amagufwa bishobora gukorwa kwa muganga cyangwa mu bitaro. Igikorwa cyose kimara iminota 30.Mu gihe cyo gupimwa uzaba uri maso, ariko uzahabwa ikinya cyo kugabanya ububabare kugira ngo ugire ibyiyumvo byiza. Mbere yo gupimwa, uzahabwa ikanzu yo kwa muganga. Ushobora kandi guhabwa umuti wo kuruhuka kugira ngo ugire uruhu rwiza. Intambwe zikunze kugenda zitya: 1. Bitewe n'aho bipimisho iri gukorwa, uzahindurirwa uruhande rwawe cyangwa igifu. Inyinshi mu bipimisho by'umusemburo w'amagufwa bikorerwa inyuma y'igufwa ryawe ryo mu kibuno (posterior iliac crest) . 2. Hanyuma, muganga wawe azasukura uruhu ruri aho hantu akoresheje umuti wica udukoko hanyuma atere umuti ugabanya ububabare mu ruhu kugeza rugeze ku igufwa. 3. Bazakata gato hanyuma bashyiremo urushinge rwihariye rwa bipimisho mu igufwa ryawe. 4. Hakoreshejwe seringe nto ifatanye n'urushinge, hakurwamo amazi make mu musemburo w'amagufwa yawe ( umusemburo w'amagufwa twavuze mbere). 5. Hanyuma, hashyirwamo urushinge rumeze nk'umuyoboro w'amazi hanyuma agace gato k'inyama zimeze nk'iziba mu musemburo w'amagufwa kagakurwaho. Ibi byitwa bipimisho y'ibanze . Ibi biterwa nuko "inyama" y'umubiri ikurwa mu rushinge. 6. Urushinge rurimo icyitegererezo rurakurwaho, hagashyirwa igitutu ku ruhu kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike, hanyuma hagashyirwa igipfuko ku gikomere. Hanyuma muganga yohereza icyitegererezo muri laboratwari. Aho ngaho, gipimwa ibimenyetso by'indwara.

Ibi birababaza?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Mu by'ukuri, gishobora kugorana gato. Iyo ukoze isuku yo mu igufwa, ari na cyo gihe igice cy'amazi gifatwa, ushobora kumva ububabare bukabije . Iyo ukoze isuzuma ry'ibanze, ari na cyo gihe igice cy'umubiri gifatwa, ushobora kumva ububabare budakomeye kandi bubabaza igihe runaka . Ikibabaje ni uko igufwa ridashobora gucika intege. Rero, ushobora kumva ibintu nko gukanda, gusunika, gukurura, ibyo bikaba bitoroshye.

Ariko ntugahangayike. Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa ibibazo ku bubabare, vugana na muganga wawe. Bashobora kuguha imiti igufasha kumva umerewe neza, ndetse no kugabanya ibinure aho isuzuma riri gukorwa.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo gukorerwa biopsy?

Ubusanzwe ushobora gutaha umunsi umwe n’ikizamini. Ariko, niba wahawe umuti wo kugabanya ububabare, uzakenera umuntu wo kugutwara mu rugo. Umaze gutaha, ugomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga neza. Bashobora kuvuga ibintu nk'ibi:

• Niba ufite ububabare cyangwa ububabare, fata umuti ugabanya ububabare udahawe na muganga ushobora kubona muri farumasi utarinze kwandikirwa na muganga.
• Irinde gukora siporo cyangwa gukora imirimo iremereye nibura amasaha 24.
• Komeza ahantu hakomeretse humye nibura amasaha 24.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi zihari muri ibi?

Mu by’ukuri, ingorane zituruka ku gupimwa umwongo w’amagufwa ni gake cyane.Ariko, ni gake cyane, hashobora kubaho kuva amaraso menshi cyangwa kwandura ahantu hakorewe biopsy. Ubusanzwe, gushyira igitutu ahantu hakorerwa biopsy bizahagarika kuva amaraso. Iyo habayeho ubwandu, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amavuta yo kwisiga.

Ibisubizo ni ibihe? Bitubwira iki?

Icyitegererezo cy'umusemburo wawe gisuzumwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi n'inzobere yitwa inzobere mu ndwara . Iyo umuganga wawe abonye ibyo yabonye, ​​azabiganiraho nawe akakubwira icyo ugomba gukora nyuma. Bitewe n'ibisubizo byawe, umuganga wawe ashobora kwemeza ko wanduye, agasaba ko hakorwa ibizamini byinshi, cyangwa akakugira inama yo kuvurwa, cyangwa agahindura ubuvuzi bwawe ubu. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukubaza umuganga wawe icyo ibisubizo byawe bisobanuye kuri wewe. Kubera ko imimerere ya buri wese itandukanye, umuganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kumenya neza icyo ibisubizo byawe bisobanuye.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba?

Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso by'ingorane nyuma yo gupimwa, hita ubonana na muganga wawe. Ibimenyetso nk'ibi birimo:

• Iyo hari amaraso menshi cyangwa amazi ava mu gice cyakoreweho isuzuma.
• Niba hari ukubyimba aho igikorwa cyo gusuzuma cyakorewe.
• Aho hantu ni umutuku (cyane cyane iyo umutuku ukwirakwira).
• Iyo ugize umuriro cyangwa ububabare bukarushaho kwiyongera .

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'amaraso cyangwa indi ndwara ifata umwongo w'amagufwa, ni ibisanzwe ko ukorerwa biopsy y'umuyongo w'amagufwa. Niba ufite ikibazo cyihariye kuri iki kizamini cyangwa uhangayikishijwe n'ibyiyumvo bikubayeho mu gihe cyo kubagwa, vugana na muganga wawe. Bashobora kuguha imiti igabanya ububabare kugira ngo bagufashe kumva umerewe neza kandi utuje. Bashobora kandi kugusobanurira buri ntambwe y'ikizamini. Ibi bizagufasha kumva ufite amakuru menshi kandi wifitiye icyizere igihe ukoze biopsy. Kwita ku buzima bwawe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane, bityo ntutinye gushaka inama kwa muganga.

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