Ese amaraso yawe ni make? Reka tuvuge kuri Megaloblastic Anemia!

Ese nawe wumva unaniwe igihe cyose? Ese wumva usinziriye umunsi wose, umubiri wawe ukumva nta kintu na kimwe ukora? Hari igihe uruhu rwawe ruhinduka ibara ry'uruhu kandi ukumva uhumeka nabi? Ntugafate nk'ibintu bisanzwe gusa. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikibazo mu maraso yawe. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri Megaloblastic Anemia , indwara itera ibimenyetso nk'ibi, cyane cyane iyo udafite vitamine B12 na vitamine B9 (izwi kandi nka folate).

Anemia ya Megaloblastic ni iki?

Muri make, anemia ya megaloblastic ni ubwoko bwa anemia yibasira uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso mu maraso. Ikiba muri ibi ni uko uturemangingo dutukura twakorewe mu musokoro w’amagufwa yacu tuba tunini kurusha uko bisanzwe . Niyo mpamvu nanone yitwa 'anemia ya macrocytic', bivuze kubura uturemangingo duto tw’amaraso .

Mu yandi magambo, iyi ni indwara yo kubura vitamine . Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo umubiri udafite intungamubiri ebyiri zihagije , vitamine B12 na vitamine B9 ( folate ) . Ariko ntugahangayike, abaganga bashobora kuvura iyi ndwara batanga inyongeramusaruro za vitamine B12 na B9.

Ni gute indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri wacu (megaloblastic anemia) igira ingaruka ku mubiri wacu?

Noneho, reba, imibiri yacu ikeneye ingano runaka y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tuzima. Kubera ko utu turemangingo dutukura ari two dutwara ogisijeni iva mu bihaha ikayijyana mu ngingo z'umubiri wose, kandi itwara dioxyde de carbone. Kimwe n'izindi selile zose z'amaraso, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso dutangira ari uturemangingo tw'inyuma mu igufwa ryacu.

Vitamine B12 na vitamine B9 ni ingenzi kugira ngo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso turusheho kumera neza. Iyo tudafite ibyo, umubiri wacu ukora ubwoko budasanzwe bw’uturemangingo twitwa megaloblasts .

Tekereza, izi megaloblast, uturemangingo twigabanyamo kabiri kandi tukiyongera nk'uturemangingo tuzima, ntitwirema bundi bushya. Ibyo bivuze ko umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura mu igufwa ugabanuka. Indi mpamvu ni uko utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe ari tunini cyane. Mu by'ukuri, ni turemangingo tunini cyane ku buryo rimwe na rimwe tudashobora no kuva mu igufwa ngo twinjire mu maraso. Nubwo twabikora, utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe dupfa vuba kurusha uturemangingo dutukura tuzima. Iyo ibi byose bihuye, umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura mu mubiri uragabanuka, bigatera kubura amaraso, ari byo bitera kubura amaraso.

Ese iyi ni indwara ikomeye?

Imwe mu mpamvu zitera indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri ni ukubura vitamine B12. Iyo bitavuwe, kubura vitamine B12 bishobora gutera ibibazo by'imitsi . Urugero, gutakaza kwibuka, gutakaza uburimbane, no kumva urimo gucika intege cyangwa gushotora ingingo, bizwi nka 'paresthesia'. Ibi rero si ibintu byoroshye gufata.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Kurwara amaraso mu mubiri (megaloblastic anemia) si indwara ikunze kugaragara, ariko abaganga ntibafite amakuru ahagije yo kuvuga umubare w’abantu bayirwaye.

Ni iki gitera indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (megaloblastic anemia)?

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni uko umwongo wacu udafite vitamine B12 cyangwa vitamine B9 ihagije kugira ngo habeho uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura dufite ubuzima bwiza dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kubura Vitamine B12?

Hari abantu bagira ikibazo cyo kubura vitamine B12 bitewe nuko batarya ibiryo bihagije bikungahaye kuri vitamine B12, nk'inyama, amafi, amagi n'amata. Abandi bagira ibibazo byo kwinjiza vitamine B12, haba bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa bitewe n'ubuvuzi. Muri izo ndwara harimo:

• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri ibuza umubiri kwinjiza Vitamine B12 .
• Gucibwamo igifu: Ni ukubagwa gukuraho igice cy'igifu. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwinjiza kwa vitamine B12.
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara kandi ibuza umubiri kwinjiza Vitamine B12.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko ifata umubiri: Iki ni igihe ibiryo dusya bitagenda neza mu mara, bigafata ahantu hamwe, aho bagiteri zikura zigakoresha Vitamine B12.
• Ubwiyongere bw'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa tapeworms mu mafi: Ubu bwandu bw'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa tapeworms bushobora kwanduzwa no kurya amafi adatetse neza kandi yanduye. Utu dukoko tubaho mu kwinjiza Vitamine B12.
• Kunanirwa kwa Pancreatic: Muri iki kibazo, pancreas yawe ntishobora gukora imisemburo ihagije yo gusya ibiryo. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kuba udafite intungamubiri zose ukeneye, nka vitamine B12 cyangwa B9.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kubura Vitamine B9 (folate)?

Kubura Vitamine B9 (folate) bishobora kubaho iyo tudashyize imboga rwatsi, imbuto, inyama, n'ibinyamisogwe bihagije mu mirire yacu ya buri munsi, cyangwa ibiryo bikungahaye kuri aside folike. Hariho n'izindi mpamvu:

• Indwara z'igogora: Niba ufite indwara nk'indwara ya Crohn cyangwa indwara ya celiac, igogora ryawe rishobora kutabasha kwinjiza aside folic neza.
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi: Abantu banywa inzoga nyinshi rimwe na rimwe basimbuza ibiryo inzoga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntibabona folate ihagije.
• Guteka imbuto n'imboga zawe cyane: Iyo utetse imbuto n'imboga cyane, ubushyuhe bushobora kwangiza folate iri muri zo mu buryo busanzwe.
• Anemia yo mu maraso: Iyi ni indwara y'amaraso aho uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura twicwa kandi umwotsi w'amagufwa yawe ntushobora kongera kuwukora vuba bihagije.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Imiti imwe n'imwe yo mu gifu n'ibisebe byo mu maraImiti itangwa ku ndwara ya kanseri y'ibisebe ibangamira uburyo folate yinjizwamo neza.
• Dialysis: Abantu bari kuri dialysis rimwe na rimwe bagira ubushake buke bwo kurya bitewe n'impyiko zidakora neza. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rugero rwa vitamine B12 babona mu byo kurya. (Ugomba kandi gusoma kuri B9 hano, nubwo inkuru ya mbere ivuga B12, ishobora no kuba B9 bitewe n'aho iherereye.)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (megaloblastic anemia)?

Ibimenyetso bya anemia ya megaloblastic bisa n'iby'ubundi bwoko bwa anemia:

• Umunaniro: Kumva unaniwe cyane ku buryo udashobora gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.
• Intege nke: Kumva umubiri wawe udafite ubuzima, udashobora kwimuka cyangwa gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
• Uruhu rw'umukara: Uruhu rwawe rurushaho kuba rwerurutse kurusha uko bisanzwe.
• Kubura umwuka: Kumva uhumeka nabi, kugorwa no guhumeka cyane.
• Kuzunguruka cyangwa gucika intege: Kumva uzunguruka cyangwa uta ubwenge.

Kubura Vitamine B12, cyane cyane, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi yawe, bigatera ibimenyetso nko kugira ibinya mu maguru, kubura ibyiyumvo, cyangwa intege nke z'imitsi.

Abaganga babisobanukirwa bate neza?

Abaganga bapima indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu kugusuzuma no kukubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'ibimenyetso byawe. Bashobora kandi gutumiza ibizamini by'amaraso, urugero:

• Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (FBC): Iki kizamini kigenzura umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura n'imikorere yatwo.
• Gupima amaraso mu maraso (PBS): Ibi bikubiyemo kureba uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe ukoresheje mikorosikopi. Nubwo hari ibizamini by’amaraso bisuzumwa n’imashini, muri iki gihe, muganga areba uturemangingo hanyuma agafata icyemezo.
• Umubare wa reticulocyte: Ibi bipima umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura tudakuze (reticulocyte) mu musokoro w'amagufwa yawe. Ibi bifasha abaganga kumenya niba umusokoro w'amagufwa yawe ukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura dufite ubuzima bwiza buhagije.

Ibi bivurwa bite?

Abaganga bavura indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (megaloblastic anemia) batanga inyunganiramirire ya vitamine. Reba ibi:

• Uburyo bwo kuvura ibura rya Vitamine B12: Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gutera inshinge za Vitamine B12 mu byumweru bike kugeza igihe urugero rwa Vitamine B12 yawe rugarukiye ku rugero rusanzwe. Niba ibura rya Vitamine B12 ryawe riterwa n'ikibazo cy'ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo kwinjiza B12, ushobora gukenera gufata inshinge za B12 buri mezi make mu buzima bwawe bwose. Nanone, abantu badafite B12 ihagije kubera indwara yitwa pernicious anemia bashobora gukenera gufata inyunganizi za B12 mu buzima bwabo bwose.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura ibura rya Vitamine B9: Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira ibinini bya aside folike kugira ngo akosore ibura rya Vitamine B9. Bazasuzuma kandi urugero rwa Vitamine B12 yawe kugira ngo barebe ko ruri mu rugero rusanzwe. Ibi biterwa nuko rimwe na rimwe inyongeramusaruro za Vitamine B9 zishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso byo kubura amaraso menshi no gupfuka ibura rya Vitamine B12 (rishobora kwangiza imitsi).

Ni gute twagabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ibyago:

• Gerageza kurya indyo yuzuye ishyira imbere ibiryo birimo vitamine B12 na vitamine B9 .
• Gabanya inzoga unywa. Kunywa inzoga buri gihe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kugogora igogora no kubuza umubiri wawe kwinjiza Vitamine B12.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi kikubuza kwinjiza izi vitamine, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ubyirinde.

Ibyokurya birimo vitamine B12:

• Ibiribwa by'amatungo: Inyama zitukura, amafi, inkoko, amagi, amata, n'ibindi bikomoka ku mata bikungahaye kuri vitamine B12.
• Ibiribwa bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri: Ibi ni ibiryo byakongerewemo vitamine n'intungamubiri zimwe na zimwe zitaboneka mu buryo busanzwe. Urugero, harimo ibinyampeke bya mu gitondo, umusemburo w'intungamubiri, amata y'ibimera, n'imigati. Ni ngombwa kugenzura ku rupapuro rw'ibijyanye n'imirire ruri ku ipaki y'ibiribwa kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibiryo bikungahaye kuri vitamine B12.

Ibyokurya bikungahaye kuri vitamine B9 (folate):

• Imboga: Imboga z'icyatsi kibisi (nk'epinari, kale), amashaza, ibishyimbo n'ibinyamisogwe.
• Imbuto: Imbuto z'ikinyomoro (nk'amacunga na tangerines).
• Ibyokurya by'inyamaswa: umwijima, amafi yo mu nyanja, inyama n'inkoko.
• Amagi n'ibiryo by'amata.
• Ibiribwa bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri: Hari imigati, ifu, amakaroni, umuceri, n'ibinyampeke birimo aside folike. Nanone, reba ku rupapuro ruri ku ipaki y'ibiribwa kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibiryo bikungahaye kuri vitamine B9 (aside folike).

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe mfite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (megaloblastic anemia)?

Abantu benshi bakira indwara yo kubura amaraso menshi nyuma yo gufata inyunganiramirire ya vitamine. Muganga wawe azakurikirana urugero rwa vitamine yawe buri gihe kugira ngo arebe neza ko ubona vitamine B12 na vitamine B9 bihagije. Urugero, ushobora gupimwa amaraso nyuma y'ibyumweru bike utangiye kuvurwa kugira ngo barebe niba inyunganiramirire yiyongereye urugero rwa vitamine B12 na/cyangwa B9.

Nitwara nte?

Ushobora kwiyitaho muri ubu buryo:

• Fata inyongeramusaruro za vitamine neza neza nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
• Tegura indyo yuzuye kugira ngo ubone vitamine B12 na vitamine B9 bihagije.
• Wite ku buzima bwawe kandi uganire na muganga niba wumva urimo kongera kugira ibimenyetso byo kubura amaraso.

Ibuka ko niba ufite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (megaloblastic anemia), bivuze ko utari kubona vitamine B12 cyangwa vitamine B9 bihagije. Izi vitamine zifasha umubiri wawe gukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura dufite ubuzima bwiza. Uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura dufite ubuzima bwiza dukora akazi gakomeye ko gutwara umwuka mu mubiri wose. Ku bw’amahirwe, abaganga bashobora gukosora iki kibazo baguha inyunganiramirire kugira ngo wongere urugero rwa vitamine B12 na vitamine B9. Ushobora kandi kurya indyo irimo vitamine nyinshi no kubaza muganga wawe uburyo bwo kumenya neza ko uri kubona vitamine B12 na vitamine B9 bihagije.

Incamake (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho reka dusubiremo ibyo twavuze uyu munsi. Megaloblastic anemia ni indwara aho uturemangingo dutukura tunini kandi tudasanzwe dukora mu musokoro w'amagufwa iyo umubiri udafite vitamine B12 cyangwa vitamine B9 (folate).

• Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni umunaniro ukabije, intege nke, uruhu rwerurutse, no kugorwa no guhumeka. Kubura B12 bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko.
• Impamvu ni ukubura izi vitamine mu biribwa bihagije, cyangwa indwara ituma umubiri utazifata neza.
• Ipimwa binyuze mu gupima amaraso, cyane cyane nka CBC na Peripheral Blood Smear.
• Ubuvuzi burimo Vitamine B12 na aside folike, bamwe bashobora gukenera gufata igihe kirekire.
• Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyirinda no kuyirwanya ni ukurya indyo yuzuye irimo vitamine B12 na B9, kugabanya inzoga, no kuvura neza indwara zibitera.

Rero, niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba bishoboka. Kuko iyo bigaragaye hakiri kare, kuvurwa biroroha kandi gukira vuba.