Twese twifuza kugira ubuzima bwiza, sibyo? Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ibintu bishobora kubaho mu mibiri yacu tutabizi. Uduce duto tw’amara, amara manini aho ibiryo turya bigogorwa n’imyanda dusiga, rimwe na rimwe dushobora kugira uduce duto imbere. Ibyo ni byo abaganga bita `(Colon Polyps)`. Ntugatinye iyo wumvise iri zina, sibyo? Kuko inyinshi muri izi polyps nta kibazo zifite. Ariko, hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bushobora guhinduka kanseri iyo butivuwe igihe kirekire. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko twese tumenya izi `(Colon Polyps)`.

None se izi polyps zo mu mara ni iki?

Mu magambo make, izi `(Colon Polyps)` ni ingirabuzimafatizo zidasanzwe zikura ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'amara yawe manini, ni ukuvuga igice cy'uruhago. Zimeze nk'ikibyimba gito. Zishobora gutangira ari ingirabuzimafatizo imwe hanyuma zigakura buhoro buhoro. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora no kuvuka mu bindi bice by'umubiri wacu, urugero, mu gifu, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu buryo bw'imyororokere bw'abagore.

Igikuru ni uko kuba ufite izi polyps ntibivuze ko ari kanseri. Ariko, akenshi kanseri y'inkondo y'umura itangirana na polyp nk'iyi. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bashaka izi polyps mu gihe cyo gupima colonoscopy bakazivanaho iyo zihari.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa polyps? Zitandukanye gute?

Yego, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa polyps bigira mu mara. Abaganga babishyira mu byiciro bashingiye ku bintu bibiri by'ingenzi.

Imwe muri zo ni ishusho ya polyp .

• Hariho udukoko dutera ibihumyo tumeze nk'udukoko twavutse. Ibyo bivuze ko dufite agati gato n'umutwe hejuru yatwo. Izi zitwa "Pedunculated" polyps.
• Ubundi bwoko ni ikibyimba gisa n'ikibyimba gifatanye n'urukuta rw'amara rudafite igishishwa. Izi zitwa "Sessile" polyps.

Ubundi buryo ni ukureba imiterere mito cyane y’izi polyps. Ni ukuvuga uburyo uturemangingo tugizwe. Uburyo utwo turemangingo dukura ni bwo bugena niba polyp ishobora guhinduka kanseri cyangwa itahinduka. Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwa buri bwoko bwa polyp buratandukanye.

Dore bumwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa polyps bugaragara:

• Adenomas (adenomas): Izi ni zo zikunze kugaragara cyane. Hariho kandi ubwoko butandukanye bw'izi:
• Adenoma ya Tubular
• Adenomas zo mu bwoko bwa Villous
• Adenoma ya Tubulovillous
• Polyps zikozwe mu mavuta: Hariho kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwazo.
• Polyps zitagira pulasitiki nyinshi
• Ibisebe bifite imisemburo
• Adenoma gakondo iterwa n'ibisebe
• Hamartoma (udukoko tw’ubugimbi): Ibi bikunze kugaragara mu rubyiruko.
• Polyps zitera ububabare (cyangwa pseudopolyps): Izi si polyps mu by'ukuri, tuzabivugaho nyuma.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya polyps hakurikijwe ibyago bya kanseri: Neoplastic na Non-neoplastic

Uru nirwo rwego rw'ingenzi cyane. "Neoplastic" polyps ni ubwoko bushobora kuba kanseri. "Non-neoplastic" polyps ni ubwoko budafite amahirwe menshi yo kuba kanseri (cyangwa bufite amahirwe make cyane).

• (Neoplastic) polyps ( ibyago bya kanseri ):
• Polyps zose zo mu bwoko bwa adenomatous (Adenomas)
• Ibisebe bifite imisemburo
• Adenoma gakondo iterwa n'ibisebe

• (Polyps zitari za neoplastic) (ingaruka nke/nta ngaruka mbi zo kurwara kanseri):
• Polyps zitagira pulasitiki nyinshi
• Indwara z'ubugimbi (Hamartomas)
• Pseudopolyps zitera ububabare

Izi polyps zo mu mara zikunze kugaragara gute?

Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara kurusha uko wabitekereza, cyane cyane uko ugenda ukura. Ugereranyije, abantu bakuru bagera kuri 20%, cyangwa umwe muri batanu, bashobora kuba bafite iyi ndwara. Ku bantu barengeje imyaka 50, hafi 40%, cyangwa bane muri icumi, bashobora kuba bafite iyi ndwara. Ntugatangare, abana bamwe na bamwe barayirwara, bagera kuri 6% muri bo. Umuntu wese, hatitawe ku bwoko, idini, cyangwa igitsina, ashobora kurwara iyi ndwara na kanseri y'amara. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi.

Ni polyps zingahe zo mu mara zihinduka kanseri?

Dore icyo ugomba gusobanukirwa. Ubwoko bwinshi bwa polyps bushobora kuba kanseri. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bazikuramo mu gihe cyo gupima colonoscopy. Ariko, umubare muto cyane ni wo uba kanseri. Nanone, bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo polyp ibe kanseri. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwipimisha colonoscopy buri gihe no gukuraho izi polyps mbere yuko ziba kanseri.

Mu buryo bugaragara, hafi 75% bya kanseri y'amara itangira ari adenomatous polyps. Nanone, hafi 80% bya polyps zose ziboneka ni adenomas. Ariko, hafi 5% by'izi adenomas ni zo zihinduka kanseri. Bivugwa ko polyp isanzwe ifite ibyago bya 8% byo kurwara kanseri mu myaka 10 na 24% mu myaka 20.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya polyps zo mu mara?

Aha niho bitera urujijo. Akenshi, izi polyps ntizigaragaza ibimenyetso, nubwo ziba zihari.Kanseri y'umura ishobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Niyo mpamvu ibizamini byo gusuzuma ari ingenzi cyane. Ubusanzwe, mu gihe ibimenyetso bigaragaye, polyp ishobora kuba yamaze guhinduka kanseri.

Ariko, ni gake cyane, ibimenyetso bikurikira bishobora kugaragara:

• Amaraso mu muyoboro cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso: Iyo polyp irimo kuva amaraso, ushobora kubona amaraso mu muyoboro wawe cyangwa ufite amaraso ku rupapuro rw'ubwiherero. Hari igihe kuva amaraso bigenda buhoro cyane ku buryo ushobora kutabibona. Ariko uko igihe kigenda gihita, umubiri wawe uzatangira kubibona. Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kubura icyuma gihagije , gishobora gutera ibimenyetso nko kunanirwa cyane no gucika intege.
• Impinduka zidasobanutse mu mikorere y'amara: Ni gake cyane, bamwe bashobora kurwara impiswi cyangwa impatwe mu buryo butunguranye. Cyangwa bashobora kugira ubwiyongere bw'amazi asa n'ibicurane asohoka mu mwanda wabo. Hariho izindi mpamvu nyinshi zitera ibi bimenyetso uretse polyps. Ariko, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga, cyane cyane niba utabasha kumenya icyateye iyo mpinduka.

Igikuru: Ni byiza kuvugana na muganga no gupimwa nk'ikizamini cya colonoscopy umaze imyaka 45-50 (cyangwa mbere yaho niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe warwaye iyi ndwara) aho gutegereza ko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Kuki tubona izi polyps zo mu mara?

Akenshi, izi polyps zikura rimwe na rimwe. Ni ukuvuga nta mpamvu yihariye. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kurwara izi polyps bitewe n'indwara z'uruhererekane. Muri ubwo buryo, hari amahirwe yo kurwara polyps nyinshi ndetse n'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri byiyongera.

Ni iyihe mpamvu nyamukuru itera polyps?

Impamvu nyamukuru ni impinduka mu miterere y’uturemangingo . Mu magambo make, iyo uturemangingo twacu twigabanyijemo ibice tugakora uturemangingo dushya, amakosa mato agaragara mu miterere y’uturemangingo tw’utwo turemangingo. Kubera ko uturemangingo tw’uruhu, harimo n’amara, duhora twivugurura, ayo makosa akunze kubaho. Iyo utwo turemangingo duhindutse, uburyo uturemangingo dukura n’uko twitwara birahinduka.

Impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zihererekanywa mu muryango umwe (syndromes hereditary). Izindi zisa n'aho zibaho ku buryo butunguranye, ariko hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kuba zibitera. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko impuzandengo zidasanzwe ziterwa n'ibintu bigize ngirabuzimafatizo, ndetse n'ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka ku bidukikije.

Ni izihe mpamvu z'inyongera zitera polyps?

1. Ibyerekeye imiterere y'uturemangingo:

Niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wa hafi (umubyeyi, umuvandimwe, umwana) yararwaye polyps, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara. Nanone, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na gene zishobora gutera polyps. Ingero zimwe ni izi:

• Indwara ya Adenomatous yo mu muryango (FAP)
• Indwara ya Peutz-Jeghers
• Polyposis ifitanye isano na MUTYH
• Indwara ya Gardner
• PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
• Indwara ya Turcot
• Indwara ya polyposis iterwa n'imisemburo
• Indwara ya polyposis y'abana

2. Ibintu bireba ibidukikije n'imibereho:

Ibi bivuze ibintu nk'ibidukikije tubamo, imibereho yacu, n'ibindi. Ibi bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku iterambere rya polyps.

• Gusaza: Ingaruka ziyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira.
• Kunywa itabi.
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi.
• Indyo irimo ibinure byinshi kandi idafite fibre nyinshi: Kurya inyama zitukura nyinshi, inyama zatunganyijwe, imbuto n'imboga nkeya.
• Kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Umubyibuho ukabije.
• Diyabete.
• Indwara y'amara abyimba (IBD): Indwara nk'indwara ya Crohn cyangwa indwara y'ibisebe .

Urugero rwihariye: Pseudopolyps zitera ububabare

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, izi si "polyps" nyazo ziterwa n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo. Ziterwa no gukira kw'ibisebe mu mara, bigasiga inkovu zisa n'ibibyimba by'uruhu. Kubyimba guhoraho mu mara (cyangwa colitis) ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ibi bibyimba. Akenshi bifitanye isano n'indwara nk'indwara yo kubyimba amara (IBD). Ntabwo bihinduka kanseri.

Abaganga bamenya bate izi polyps?

Uburyo bwiza kandi bunoze bwo kubona polyps mu mara ni colonoscopy. Muri ibi, umuyoboro woroshye ufite kamera nto n'urumuri (colonoscope) ushyirwa mu kibuno hanyuma amara yose agasuzumwa. Nubwo ibindi "bizamini byo gushushanya" bishobora kubona polyps, inyungu yihariye ya ``colonoscopy`` ni uko ishobora kubona polyps, ikazivana icyarimwe, hanyuma igafata uduce duto kugira ngo ikoreshwe (biopsy).

Ingero z'uturemangingo twafashwe muri ubu buryo zoherezwa muri laboratwari hanyuma zigasuzumwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi n'umuhanga mu by'indwara. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora kumenya neza ubwoko bwa polyp n'uko irimo uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Gupima inkari (colonoscopy) bisaba imyiteguro yihariye yo gusukura inkari umunsi umwe mbere y’uko ikizamini gitangira, kandi ikizamini gikorerwa munsi y’ikinya, ibyo bikaba bishobora kubangamira abantu bamwe na bamwe. Kubwibyo, rimwe na rimwe abaganga bashobora kubanza gukora ibizamini byoroshye byo gusuzuma. Ariko, niba habonetse inkari mu kindi kizamini, hazakenerwa ko inzori (colonoscopy) ikurwamo.

Hari ibindi bizamini byinshi bishobora gukorwa mu gihe hakekwa ko hari polyps:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso: Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC) ushobora kugaragaza amaraso make aterwa no kuva amaraso igihe kirekire. Itsinda ry'ibanze rya metabolisme rishobora kugaragaza ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi mu mubiri. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara ya polyposis syndrome, ushobora kandi gupimwa imiterere y'uturemangingo kugira ngo urebe niba ufite iyo ndwara.
• Ibizamini by'umwanda: "Ikizamini cy'amaraso y'umwanda (FOBT)" gisuzuma amaraso make mu mwanda ari mato cyane ku buryo atabonwa n'amaso. Ibindi bizamini bisuzuma "DNA" mu mwanda kugira ngo harebwe niba hari impinduka za kanseri.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Mu buryo bwo gupima colonoscopy isanzwe, colonoscopy isanzwe (ubwoko bwa CT scan) na capsule endoscopy (agapfukamunwa gato umira kugira ngo urebe amara yawe) birashobora gukorwa. Enema ya barium ishobora kandi kugaragaza polyps rimwe na rimwe.

Ni polyps zingahe ziboneka mu gihe cyo gupima colonoscopy isanzwe?

Ni byiza kutagira polyps na gato. Ariko, ni ibisanzwe kugira polyps imwe cyangwa ebyiri, cyangwa izindi nke. Abaganga bareba umubare wa polyps ufite, ingano yazo, aho ziherereye, n'ubwoko bwazo. Kubera ko polyps zikura buhoro cyane, kugira polyps nke bivuze ko ukiri mu kaga gato ko kurwara kanseri y'amara.

Ariko, ushobora gufatwa nk'uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara kanseri mu bihe bikurikira:

• Iyo hari polyps zirenze eshatu.
• Iyo polyps nini kurusha milimetero 10 (sentimetero 1).
• Iyo polyps ziri iburyo bw'amara (urugero: sigmoid colon cyangwa transverse colon).
• Niba ufite polyps zo mu bwoko bwa `(Villous)` cyangwa `(Tubulovillous adenomas)`.
• Niba ufite polyps zo mu bwoko bwa "Sessile serrated lesions" cyangwa "Serrated adenomas".
• Niba ufite indwara ya polyposis yo mu bwoko bwa hereditary.

Izi polyps zo mu mara zivurwa zite?

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ni ugukuraho polyps mu mara.Ariko, niba ufite polyps zitari mu maraso gusa, zitari mu kaga ko kurwara kanseri, ushobora kudashobora kuzikuraho. Ariko, akenshi, ntibishoboka kumenya neza niba polyp ari neoplastic cyangwa non-neoplastic kugeza igihe igenzuwe hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Bishobora gufata icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri kugira ngo ibisubizo bya biopsy yawe bigaruke.

Mu gukuraho polyps zo mu mara, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'amara ku kigero cya 80%! Ariko, iyo umaze kugira polyps, zishobora kugaruka. Muganga wawe azareba ubwoko bwa polyps wagize kandi arebe ibyago byo kurwara polyps mu gihe kizaza. Isuzuma ritaha rya colonoscopy rizakorwa hashingiwe kuri iyo ngaruka.

Gukuraho Polyp y'inkondo y'umura

Umuganga ukora isuzuma ry’uturemangingo tw’imbere mu nda – ubusanzwe ni umuganga w’indwara z’igifu cyangwa umuganga w’inkondo y’umura – ashobora gukuramo udukoko twinshi mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Ubu buryo bworoshye bwitwa polypectomy. Ariko, niba ufite udukoko tunini cyangwa tugoranye gukuraho, uburyo bwihariye (gukuraho mucosal mucosal cyangwa endoscopic submucosal dissection) bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo buvanweho.

Igenzura rya Colonoscopy

Niba colonoscopy yawe itabonye polyps zo mu bwoko bwa neoplastic, birashoboka ko uzakenera gukora ikizamini cyawe gitaha mu myaka 10. Ariko, niba polyps zo mu bwoko bwa neoplastic zawe zarakuweho, igihe cyo gupima gitaha gishobora gutandukana. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kongera gupima mu mwaka umwe, itatu, itanu, cyangwa irindwi, bitewe n'ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago.

Ese polyps zo mu mara zishobora kwirindwa?

Nta buryo bwo gukumira ihindagurika ry’uturemangingo ritera polyps. Ariko, kwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara polyps ku rugero runaka.

• Kurya ibinyampeke, imboga n'imbuto byinshi.
• Kugabanya ibinure by'inyamaswa (cyane cyane inyama zitukura, inyama zatunganyijwe).
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
• Irinde kunywa inzoga nyinshi no kunywa itabi.

Ibi bintu bifasha kandi kwirinda kanseri y'amara.

None se izi polyps zo mu mara ziteye ubwoba bungana iki?

Udukoko two mu mara dushobora kuba twibasira cyane kuko dushobora guhinduka kanseri. Ariko ibuka ko udukoko twinshi tudaterwa na kanseri iyo tubonetse. Hari n'utundi dushobora kuba kanseri uko igihe kigenda gihita iyo tutivuwe. Niyo mpamvu abaganga badukuramo iyo tubonetse.

Ni iki nabaza muganga wanjye ku bijyanye na polyps zo mu mara yanjye?

Ushobora kubaza muganga ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nk'ibi:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa `(Colon Polyps)` mfite?
• Ese polyps zanjye ni "neoplastic" (zifite ibyago byo kurwara kanseri) cyangwa "zidafite ibyago byo kurwara kanseri" (zidafite ibyago byo kurwara kanseri)?
• Ese ibyago byanjye byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura biri hasi, ni ibisanzwe cyangwa ni byinshi?
• Ese nkwiye gupimwa indwara za polyposis mu buryo bw'uturemangingo (genetic)?
• Ni ryari polyps zishobora kongera gukura nyuma yo gukurwaho?
• Ni ryari nkwiye gukora isuzuma ry’imitsi ikurikira (colonoscopy)?

Abantu benshi batinya korosopi y’imitsi yabo yagenwe bakibaza niba bashobora kuyisubika. Ushobora kwibaza uti “Kuki wakora ibi byose kugira ngo urebe neza ko ntari mfite polyps?” Ariko niba ufite polyps, korosopi y’imitsi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuyimenya no kuyivura mbere yuko ubimenya.

Kumenya ko ufite polyps zo mu mara bishobora gutera ubwoba. Ariko, abantu benshi barazirwaye, kandi benshi ntibigera barwara kanseri. Ntugomba guhangayikishwa n'iy ...

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

None se, ubu uzi byinshi kuri polyps zo mu mara, si byo? Ibi nta mpamvu yo gutinya.

Igikuru ni ukuganira na muganga mu gihe gikwiye, cyane cyane nyuma y'imyaka 45-50, no gupimwa nka colonoscopy nibiba ngombwa. Hanyuma izi polyps zishobora kumenyekana no gukurwaho mbere yuko zigira kanseri.

Kugira ubuzima bwiza nabyo bishobora kugabanya iyi ngaruka. Ibintu nk'indyo yuzuye, imyitozo ngororamubiri, kwirinda kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi ni byiza ku buzima bw'amara yawe, ndetse no ku mubiri wawe wose.

Niba ufite ibindi bibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa inzobere mu ndwara zo mu nda. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!