Twese twifuza kugira ubuzima bwiza, sibyo? Ariko, hari igihe ibintu bishobora kubaho mu mibiri yacu tutabizi. Mu mara yawe manini—igice cy’igogora ryawe aho imyanda inyura—hari igihe havuka uduce duto tw’uturemangingo ku gice cy’imbere cy’umubiri. Ibi ni byo abaganga bita (Colon Polyps) . Nyamuneka ntugahangayikishwe n’izina! Inyinshi muri izi polyps nta kibazo zifite. Ariko, hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bushobora guhinduka kanseri iyo butivuwe uko igihe kigenda gihita. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa ko twese tumenya neza (Colon Polyps) .
None se, Polyps zo mu nda y'abakiri bato ni iki?
Mu magambo make, (Colon Polyps) ni ikura ridasanzwe ry’uturemangingo tugaragara ku gice cy’imbere cy’amara yawe manini. Bisa n’utubyimba duto cyangwa utubyimba. Akenshi bitangira ari itsinda rito ry’uturemangingo kandi bishobora gukura uko igihe kigenda gihita. Utubyimba nk’utwo dushobora no kugaragara mu bindi bice by’umubiri, nko mu gifu, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu myanya ndangagitsina y’abagore.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni uko kugira polyp bidasobanura ko urwaye kanseri. Ariko, kanseri nyinshi zo mu mara zikomoka kuri ubwo bwoko bwa polyps. Niyo mpamvu, mu gihe cyo gusuzuma (Colonoscopy) , abaganga bareba neza ibyo bibyimba hanyuma bakabikuraho iyo bibonetse.
Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa polyps? Zitandukanye gute?
Yego, polyps zo mu mara ziratandukanye, kandi abaganga bazishyira mu byiciro bashingiye ku bintu bibiri by'ingenzi.
Imwe muri zo ni imiterere ya polyp :
- Bimwe bisa n'ibihumyo bito, bifite agati gato n'umupfundikizo hejuru. Ibi byitwa (Pedunculated) polyps.
- Ubundi bwoko ni burambuye, buryamye ku rukuta rw'amara nta gishishwa. Izi zitwa (Sessile) polyps.
Ikintu cya kabiri ni uburyo zigaragara hifashishijwe mikorosikopi (imiterere ya mikorosikopi). Uburyo izi selile zikura bugena niba polyp ifite ubushobozi bwo guhinduka kanseri. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubushobozi bwa kanseri buratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwayo.
Ubwoko busanzwe bwa polyps burimo:
- Adenomatous polyps (cyangwa adenomas): Izi ni zo zikunze kugaragara cyane. Zifite kandi ubwoko buto:
- Adenoma ya Tubular
- Adenoma zo mu bwoko bwa Villous
- Adenoma ya Tubulovillous
- Polyps zikozwe mu mavuta: Izi nazo ziza mu buryo butandukanye:
- Polyps zitagira pulasitiki nyinshi
- Ibisebe bifite imisemburo
- Adenoma gakondo iterwa n'ibisebe
- Hamartoma (cyangwa polyps nto): Izi zikunze kugaragara ku bantu bakiri bato.
- Polyps zitera ububabare (cyangwa pseudopolyps): Izi si polyps nyakuri; tuzazivugaho nyuma.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibyago byo kurwara kanseri: Neoplastic na Non-neoplastic
Iri ni ryo tsinda ry’ingenzi cyane. (Neoplastic) polyps ni izishobora guhinduka kanseri, mu gihe (Non-neoplastic polyps) ni izidashobora (cyangwa zifite ibyago bike cyane byo kubikora).
- (Neoplastic) polyps (hari ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ):
- Polyps zose zo mu bwoko bwa Adenomatous (Adenomas)
- Ibisebe bifite imisemburo
- Adenoma gakondo iterwa n'ibisebe
- Polyps (zitari za neoplastic) (ingaruka nke/zidafite kanseri):
- Polyps zitagira pulasitiki nyinshi
- Indwara z'ubugimbi (Hamartomas)
- Pseudopolyps zitera ububabare
Polyps zo mu mara zikunze kugaragara gute?
Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane kurusha uko wabitekereza, cyane cyane uko ugenda ukura. Muri rusange, abantu bakuru bagera kuri 20%—ni ukuvuga umwe muri batanu—bashobora kuba bafite izi ndwara. Mu bantu barengeje imyaka 50, ubwandu bushobora kwiyongera bukagera kuri 40%. Igitangaje ni uko zishobora no kugaragara ku bana bagera kuri 6%. Hatitawe ku bwoko, idini cyangwa igitsina, buri wese afite ibyago bimwe na bimwe byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Muri rusange umubare w'abandura iyi ndwara uri hejuru mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi.
Ni polyps zingahe zihinduka kanseri?
Musobanukirwe neza ibi: Ubwoko bwinshi bwa polyps bushobora kuba kanseri. Iyi ni yo mpamvu abaganga bazikuramo mu gihe cyo gupima (Colonoscopy) . Ariko, ni bake cyane bahinduka kanseri, kandi bifata igihe kinini kugira ngo polyp ibe kanseri. Ni yo mpamvu gusuzumwa buri gihe (Colonoscopy) mu bihe byagenwe ari ngombwa kugira ngo bazifate kandi bazikureho mbere yuko zigira ibyago.
Mu buryo bugaragara, hafi 75% bya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura itangira ari polyps zo mu bwoko bwa adenomatous, naho hafi 80% bya polyps zose ziboneka ni izo mu bwoko bwa adenoma. Ariko, hafi 5% by'izi adenomas ni zo zihinduka (zibi) . Bivugwa ko polyp isanzwe ifite ibyago bya 8% byo kurwara kanseri mu myaka 10 na 24% mu myaka 20.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya polyps zo mu mara?
Iki ni cyo gice kigoye. Akenshi, polyps ntabwo zigaragaza ibimenyetso na gato. Ndetse na kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ikiri mu ntangiriro ishobora kuba nta bimenyetso igaragara, ari nayo mpamvu ibizamini byo gusuzuma biba ari ingenzi cyane. Mu gihe ibimenyetso bigaragaye, polyp ishobora kuba yamaze kugera kuri kanseri.
Ariko, mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora guhura n'ibi bikurikira:
- Kuva amaraso mu mikaya cyangwa ibimenyetso bifitanye isano: Ushobora kubona amaraso mu mwenda wawe cyangwa ku mpapuro z'ubwiherero. Hari igihe kuva amaraso biba bito cyane ku buryo bitagaragara, ariko uko igihe kigenda gihita, bishobora gutera (kubura icyuma), bigatera umunaniro ukabije n'intege nke .
- Impinduka zidasobanutse mu mikorere y'amara: Ni gake cyane, bamwe bashobora kugira impiswi idashira cyangwa (guhagarika impatwe) , cyangwa bakabona kwiyongera kw'amatembabuzi. Nubwo hari izindi mpamvu nyinshi zitera ibi bimenyetso, niba ubonye impinduka zidasobanutse, ni byiza kugisha inama muganga wawe.
Ingingo y'ingenzi: Ntutegereze ibimenyetso. Iyo umaze kurenga imyaka 45-50 (cyangwa mbere yaho niba ufite amateka y'umuryango), ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe no gutegura gahunda yo kwipimisha (Colonoscopy) .
Kuki tugira polyps zo mu mara?
Akenshi, izi polyps zibaho rimwe na rimwe, bivuze ko zikura nta mpamvu isobanutse neza kandi igaragara. Ariko, kuri bamwe, indwara zo mu muryango zishobora gutuma zikura. Muri ubwo buryo, hashobora kubaho amahirwe menshi yo kurwara polyps nyinshi, ibyo bikaba byakongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.
Ni iyihe mpamvu nyamukuru itera polyps?
Impamvu nyamukuru ni impinduka mu miterere y’uturemangingo . Muri make, iyo uturemangingo twacu twigabanyijemo ibice kugira ngo tugire utundi dushya, amakosa mato ashobora kubaho mu miterere yatwo. Kubera ko uturemangingo two mu mara duhora twivugurura, tuba dushobora guhura n’aya makosa. Iyo izi mpinduka mu turemangingo zibayeho, zihindura uburyo uturemangingo dukura n’uko twitwara.
Impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zihererekanywa mu miryango (syndromes hereditary), mu gihe izindi zisa n'aho zibaho ku buryo butunguranye, nubwo ndetse izi zishobora kuba zirimo uruvange rw'ibintu bishobora gutera ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo n'ibidukikije.
Ni ibihe bintu bindi bigira uruhare mu iterambere rya polyp?
1. Ibintu bitera imiterere y'umubiri:
Niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wa hafi (ababyeyi, abavandimwe, cyangwa abana) yararwaye polyps, ibyago byawe biri hejuru mu mibare. Byongeye kandi, indwara zihariye zo mu muryango zishobora gutuma urwara polyps, nka:
- Indwara ya Adenomatous yo mu muryango (FAP)
- Indwara ya Peutz-Jeghers
- Polyposis ifitanye isano na MUTYH
- Indwara ya Gardner
- PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
- Indwara ya Turcot
- Indwara ya polyposis iterwa n'imisemburo
- Indwara ya polyposis y'abana
2. Ibintu bireba ibidukikije n'imibereho:
Ibidukikije n'imyitwarire yawe ya buri munsi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe kandi bishobora kugira uruhare mu kwiyongera kwa polyps:
- Gusaza: Ingaruka zawe ziyongera uko ugenda ukura.
- Kunywa itabi.
- Kunywa inzoga nyinshi.
- Indyo irimo ibinure byinshi kandi idafite fibre nyinshi: Indyo irimo inyama zitukura cyangwa zitunganyijwe hamwe n'imbuto n'imboga nkeya.
- Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
- Umubyibuho ukabije.
- Diyabete.
- Indwara y'amara abyimba (IBD): Indwara nk'indwara ya Crohn cyangwa indwara y'ibisebe.
Ikibazo cyihariye: Pseudopolyps zitera ububabare
Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, izi si "polyps" z'ukuri ziterwa n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo. Mu by'ukuri ni urusobe rw'inkovu zigira ingaruka zo gukira kw'ibisebe mu mara. Ububyimba budakira, akenshi bujyana na IBD, ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ibi bisebe. Icy'ingenzi ni uko ibi bidahinduka kanseri.
Ni gute abaganga bapima polyps?
Igipimo cya zahabu cyo kumenya polyps zo mu mara ni colonoscopy. Muri iki gikorwa, umuyoboro woroshye kandi urimo urumuri (colonoscope) ufite kamera ntoya ushyirwa mu nda y'umura kugira ngo usuzume amara yose. Nubwo ibindi bizamini bishobora kwerekana polyps, inyungu nyamukuru ya colonoscopy ni uko muganga wawe ashobora kubona no gukuramo polyps, cyangwa gufata ingero z'uturemangingo (biopsy) kugira ngo bipimwe mu gihe kimwe.
Izi ngero za biopsy zoherezwa muri laboratwari aho umuhanga mu by’indwara azisuzuma akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo amenye ubwoko bwa polyp n’uko hari uturemangingo twa kanseri.
Kwitegura isuzuma rya colonoscopy bisaba gusukura amara mbere y’igihe, kandi kubera ko uzarya agatuza, bamwe mu barwayi bashobora gusanga inzira igoye. Kubwibyo, abaganga bashobora gutangirana n’ibizamini byoroshye byo gusuzuma. Ariko, niba hari ikindi kizamini kigaragaza ko hari polyps, bizakenerwa ko isuzuma rya colonoscopy rikurikiraho kugira ngo rikureho.
Ibindi bizamini byakoreshejwe mu gusuzuma ibikekwaho ko ari ibi bikurikira:
- Ibizamini by'amaraso: Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC) ushobora kugaragaza amaraso make aterwa no kuva amaraso igihe kirekire, mu gihe imiterere y'umubiri isanzwe igaragaza ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi. Niba ufite amateka yo mu muryango wawe ya polyposis y'uruhererekane, ibizamini by'uturemangingo bishobora kumenya niba ufite impinduka mu turemangingo.
- Ibizamini by'umwanda: Isuzuma ry'amaraso yo mu mwenda w'umwanda (FOBT) risuzuma ingano nto y'amaraso. Ibindi bizamini bishobora gusesengura ADN mu bishishwa by'umwanda kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
- Ibizamini byo gupima: Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha colonoscopy isanzwe burimo colonoscopy isanzwe (ubwoko bwa CT scan) na capsule endoscopy (aho umira capsule nto ifite kamera). X-ray ya barium enema ishobora kandi kugaragaza polyps.
Ni polyps zingahe zifatwa nk' "izisanzwe" mu gihe cyo gupima colonoscopy?
Byaba byiza nta polyps wagira. Ariko, kugira imwe cyangwa ebyiri, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe zirenzeho gato, bishobora kuba ibisanzwe. Muganga wawe azasuzuma umubare, ingano, aho ziherereye, n'ubwoko bwa polyps ziboneka. Kubera ko polyps muri rusange zikura buhoro cyane, polyps nke nto akenshi bivuze ko ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'amara bikomeza kuba bike.
Ariko, ushobora gufatwa nk'uri mu kaga gakomeye niba:
- Ufite polyps zirenga eshatu.
- Polyp iruta milimetero 10 (sentimetero 1).
- Polyps ziherereye mu bice byihariye by'amara (urugero, sigmoid cyangwa transverse colon).
- Ni ubwoko bwa adenoma ya villous cyangwa tubulovillous.
- Ni ibisebe bifite serrated cyangwa serrated adenomas.
- Ufite indwara ya polyposis iterwa n'ibisekuruza.
Polyps zo mu mara zivurwa gute?
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ni ugukuraho polyps. Niba ufite polyps zitari kanseri, muganga wawe ashobora guhitamo kutazikuraho; icyakora, kubera ko akenshi bidashoboka gutandukanya polyps za neoplastic n'izitari kanseri hatabayeho isesengura rya mikorosikopi, kuzikuraho akenshi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuzikuraho. Ibisubizo bya biopsy akenshi bifata icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.
Gukuraho polyps zo mu mara bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ku kigero cya 80%! Ariko, iyo umaze kugira polyps, hari ibyago byo kongera kugaruka. Muganga wawe azasuzuma ibyago byawe byo kurwara polyps mu gihe kizaza akurikije imiterere y'izakuweho kandi azagena gahunda y'isuzuma ryawe ritaha rya colonoscopy akurikije iryo suzuma.
Gukuraho Polyp y'inkondo y'umura
Mu gihe cyo gupima colonoscopy , muganga wawe—ubusanzwe umuganga w’indwara z’igifu cyangwa umuganga w’inkari —ashobora gukuraho polyps nyinshi mu gihe cyo kubagwa ubwabyo. Ubu buryo bworoshye buzwi nka polypectomy . Ariko, niba ufite polyps nini cyangwa zigoye cyane, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha uburyo bwihariye nka EMR (Endoscopic Mucosal Resection) cyangwa ESD (Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection) kugira ngo amenye neza ko zakuweho neza.
Igenzura rya Colonoscopy
Niba colonoscopy yawe igaragaje ko nta polyps za neoplastic zigaragaza, ushobora kudakenera ikindi gipimo mu gihe cy'imyaka 10. Ariko, niba polyps za neoplastic zakuweho, gahunda yawe yo gukurikirana izahinduka. Bitewe n'ibintu bishobora kugutera ibyago, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kongera gusuzumwa mu mwaka umwe, itatu, itanu, cyangwa irindwi.
Ese ushobora kwirinda polyps zo mu mara?
Nubwo udashobora gukumira impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zitera polyps zimwe na zimwe, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe ushyira imbere ubuzima bwawe muri rusange:
- Kurya ibinyampeke, imbuto n'imboga bihagije.
- Gabanya ibinure by'inyamaswa (cyane cyane inyama zitukura n'izitunganyijwe).
- Komeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
- Irinde kunywa itabi kandi ugabanye kunywa inzoga nyinshi.
Izi ngeso kandi zigira uruhare runini mu gukumira kanseri y'amara.
Polyps zo mu mara ziteye ubwoba bungana iki?
Polyps zo mu mara zifatwa nk'izikomeye kuko zimwe zishobora kuvamo kanseri. Ariko, ibuka ko polyps nyinshi atari kanseri iyo zibonetse. Zimwe zishobora kuba kanseri uko igihe kigenda gihita iyo zitavuwe, niyo mpamvu abaganga bazikuraho ako kanya zikimara kumenyekana.
Ni iki nabaza muganga wanjye ku bijyanye na polyps zo mu mara yanjye?
Tekereza kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo bikurikira:
- Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa polyps zo mu mara yanjye ?
- Ese polyps zanjye zifite ingirabuzimafatizo (zishobora kuba zidafite kanseri) cyangwa ntizifite ingirabuzimafatizo ?
- Ese ibyago byanjye byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura biri hasi, ku rugero, cyangwa hejuru?
- Ese nkwiye gupimwa indwara ya polyposis mu buryo bw'uturemangingo (genetic) ?
- Ni mu rugero rungana iki izi polyps zishobora kugaruka nyuma yo gukurwaho?
- Ni ryari nkwiye guteganya gahunda yanjye ikurikira ya colonoscopy ?
Abantu benshi bumva bahangayikishijwe n’isuzuma ry’imitsi yabo ya colonoscopy kandi bashobora gushukwa kuyitinza. Ushobora kwibaza uti: "Ese iyi mihati yose irahagije kugira ngo nemeze ko nta mitsi mfite?" Igisubizo ni yego. Niba ufite colonoscopy, colonoscopy ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuyimenya no kuyivura hakiri kare, akenshi mbere yuko ubona ibimenyetso.
Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayitse iyo bagubwiye ko ufite polyps zo mu mara, ariko menya ko ibi ari ibintu bikunze kugaragara, kandi ku bantu benshi, ntabwo bihinduka kanseri. Iyo polyp imaze kumenyekana no gukurwaho, ntabwo iba igifite ikibazo. Intambwe y'ingenzi ni ugufata izi ndwara hakiri kare.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Kugeza ubu, usobanukiwe byinshi kuri polyps zo mu mara . Nta mpamvu yo guhangayika.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyagufasha ni ukuganira na muganga wawe—cyane cyane nyuma y'imyaka 45-50—no gupimwa nka colonoscopy iyo bibaye ngombwa. Ibi bituma abaganga bashobora kuvumbura no gukuraho polyps mu buryo bworoshye kandi mu mutekano, mbere yuko zihinduka kanseri.
Kugumana ubuzima bwiza ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Indyo yuzuye, imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho, no kwirinda itabi n'inzoga zirenze urugero ni ingirakamaro ku buzima bw'amara yawe ndetse no ku mibereho yawe muri rusange.
Niba ufite ibindi bibazo, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga wawe w’ibanze cyangwa inzobere mu ndwara zo mu nda muri Nirogi Lanka cyangwa ikigo nderabuzima cyaho. Niba uhuye n’ikibazo cyihutirwa, nyamuneka hamagara 911 cyangwa serivisi zihutirwa zo mu gace utuyemo ako kanya. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!
