Ese wumva ufite umutwaro mwinshi ku mutima wawe? Reka tuvuge ku bijyanye n'ihungabana.

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye, wigunze, kandi ubabaye rimwe na rimwe mu buzima bwacu. Hari igihe twumva dutyo iyo dupfushije uwo dukunda, iyo dufite ikibazo ku kazi, iyo hari ikintu kitagenda uko twabiteganyije. Ni ibisanzwe. Ariko niba iki mibabaro idashira, kwiheba, no kumva ko nta cyo umaze bikomeje iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru, niba bibangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, bishobora kuba ikintu kirenze agahinda gasanzwe. Icyo gihe ni bwo twagombye gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Kwiheba ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, kwiheba ni indwara yo mu mutwe igira ingaruka ku byiyumvo byacu. Abaganga bayita "indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba" cyangwa "kwiheba k'uburwayi". Si ukumva agahinda gusa. Igira ingaruka ku buryo dutekereza, twumva, kandi twitwara. Iyo itavuwe, iyi ndwara ishobora kumara amezi, ndetse n'imyaka. Ishobora no gutuma abantu biyahura. Inkuru nziza ni uko hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuyivura. Ariko ikibabaje ni uko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bafite kwiheba batigera basuzumwa cyangwa ngo bavurwe neza.

Ese nawe ufite ibi bimenyetso?

Si abantu bose bafite ikibazo cyo kwiheba bahura n'ibimenyetso bimwe. Ariko hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe biboneka. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

Uburemere bw'ibi bimenyetso, inshuro bibaho, n'igihe bimara bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Kuri bamwe, ibi bimenyetso bishobora no kugaragara nk'ibimenyetso by'umubiri. Ibi biterwa n'uko imiti yo mu bwonko itera kwiheba (cyane cyane `Serotonin` na `Norepinephrine`) ifitanye isano n'ibyiyumvo byacu ndetse n'ububabare.

Ni gute indwara yo kwiheba igira ingaruka ku bana n'urubyiruko?

Ihungabana ry'ihungabana mu bana bato

Kuba umwana muto ababaye ntibivuze ko afite ikibazo cyo kwiheba. Ariko niba agahinda k'umwana kakomeje umunsi ku wundi, kandi niba imyitwarire ye ihinduka ikabangamira akazi ke k'ishuri, gukina n'inshuti, cyangwa kumarana umwanya n'umuryango, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ihungabana.

Ihungabana ry'ihungabana mu bana bato

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite agahinda no kwiheba mu gihe cy'ubwangavu. Ariko niba agahinda k'umwana wawe kamaze ibyumweru birenga bibiri kandi akaba agaragaza ibindi bimenyetso by'ihungabana, bishobora kuba ikibazo. Shaka ibimenyetso byo kuva mu rugo n'inshuti n'umuryango, amanota mabi ku ishuri, no kunywa inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge . Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, vugana n'umwana wawe kandi urebe muganga wawe . Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye, umwana wawe ashobora gutsinda iki kibazo agakura neza.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kwiheba?

Nta mpamvu n'imwe yihariye itera kwiheba iraboneka kugeza ubu, ariko abaganga bemeza ko ari uruvange rw'ibintu byinshi.

• Imiterere y'ubwonko: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari impinduka mu bwonko bw'abantu bafite ikibazo cy'ihungabana.
• Impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko: Imiti yo mu bwonko yitwa "neurotransmitters" ifasha mu kugenzura uko twumva tumeze. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko iyi miti idakora neza ku muntu ufite ikibazo cyo kwiheba.
• Imisemburo: Imisemburo mu mubiri irahinduka bitewe n'ibintu nko gutwita, nyuma yo kubyara, ibibazo bya tiroyide, no gucura. Ibi bishobora no gutera kwiheba.
• Ingaruka z'uturemangingo: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ikibazo cy'ihungabana, nawe uri mu kaga ko kurwara indwara nk'iyo. Ibi bivuze ko hashobora kuba hari isano iri hagati y'uturemangingo.

Ubibona ute, Muganga?

Muganga wawe azakurikiza izi ntambwe kugira ngo amenye niba ufite indwara yo kwiheba n'ubwoko bwayo:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange buzasuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba ibi bimenyetso biterwa n'indi ndwara.
• Ibizamini byo muri laboratwari: Ushobora gukenera gukora ikintu nk'igipimo cy'amaraso kugira ngo urebe urugero rw'imisemburo runaka.
• Isuzuma ry'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Muganga azakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'ibitekerezo byawe, ibyiyumvo byawe, n'imyitwarire yawe. Ushobora kandi gusabwa kuzuza urutonde rw'ibibazo.
• Ibipimo: Abaganga bakoresha ibipimo byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka `DSM-5` kugira ngo bapime indwara.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara yo kwiheba?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ihungabana, banza uganire na muganga wawe. Ashobora kugusuzuma no gutangira kuvurwa cyangwa akakohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere, nka muganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe. Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi uhabwa buzaterwa n'imiterere n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso byawe.

• Imiti: Imiti igabanya kwiheba igira akamaro cyane ku bantu benshi. Ushobora kugerageza ubwoko butandukanye kugira ngo ubone igufitiye akamaro.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze: Buzwi kandi nka "ubuvuzi bwo kuvugana." Kuganira ku bibazo byawe buri gihe n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa umujyanama bishobora kugufasha guhangana n'ibimenyetso byawe. Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire yo mu mutwe (CBT) ni bwo buryo buzwi cyane bukoreshwa muri ibi.
• Kwinjira mu bitaro: Hari igihe, iyo ihungabana rikomeye ku buryo hari ibyago byo kwiyangiza, ushobora gukenera kuguma mu bitaro kugira ngo uvurwe.
• Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura: Mu bihe bikomeye aho imiti idafasha, hakoreshwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura indwara nka `Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)` na `Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)`.

Ibimenyetso by'ubutabazi n'ubufasha bwihutirwa

Hari ibyago byo kwiyahura ukoresheje ihungabana. Witondere cyane ibi bimenyetso.

Ibiranga ibyago:

• Guhora uganira cyangwa utekereza ku rupfu.
• Ukumva ubabaye mu buryo butunguranye hanyuma ukumva utuje cyangwa ibyishimo bidasanzwe.
• Kuvuga amagambo nk'aya ngo "Nakwishimira kutahaba" cyangwa "Ndashaka kuva muri ibi."
• Guhora bavuga ko ntacyo bamaze kandi ko nta cyo bashoboye.
• Gukora akazi gashobora guteza akaga (urugero: gutwara imodoka vuba).
• Kwitwara nk'aho utegura gahunda ya nyuma (gutanga ibintu, kwandika inyandiko z'irage za nyuma).
• Kujya guhura cyangwa kuganira n'inshuti.

Ni ryari ugomba gushaka ubufasha bwihutirwa?

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi arimo gutekereza cyangwa agerageza kwiyangiza, jya ku bitaro bikuru byita ku bibazo byihutirwa (ETU) cyangwa uhamagare inomero y’ubutabazi.

Niba nawe utekereza utyo:

• Hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa umurwayi w’indwara zo mu mutwe ako kanya.
• Bwira umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti wizeye ibi.
• Vugana n'umuntu nk'umuyobozi wawe w'idini.