Ni ibisanzwe ko umwana wawe rimwe na rimwe agira ikibazo cyo gukora umukoro w'imibare. Ariko niba umwana mwiza mu yandi masomo yose ahora agira amanota make mu mibare kandi akaba ahanganye n'imibare, impamvu ishobora kuba itandukanye n'uko tubitekereza. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku ndwara yitwa ' dyscalculia ' ababyeyi benshi batazi, ariko ikunze kugaragara mu bana.
Dyscalculia ni iki?
Muri make, dyscalculia ni ubumuga bwo kwiga bufitanye isano n'imibare. Hari n'abantu bayita 'math dyslexia'. Ariko bitandukanye na dyslexia, mu by'ukuri ikaba ari ubumuga bwo gusoma.
Tekereza gato, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abana bagera kuri 7 ku 100 biga mu mashuri abanza bashobora kugira iyi ndwara. Ibi bivuze ko ikunze kugaragara kurusha uko tubitekereza. Akenshi, iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara hamwe na ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) , indwara ituma bigorana gukomeza kwita ku bandi. Nanone, hari amahirwe ko ibi bishobora kwanduzwa binyuze mu ngirabuzimafatizo mu miryango.
Icy'ingenzi ni uko iki atari ikintu kizashira cyonyine uko umwana akura. Iyo kitamenyekanye akiri muto, gishobora guteza ibibazo no mu gihe cy'ubukure. Kuko dukeneye gusobanukirwa imibare kugira ngo tujye mu iduka kugura ibintu, gucunga amafaranga, guteka ifunguro, no kurangiza ibintu ku gihe.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?
Ibimenyetso bya dyscalculia bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umwana, ndetse bishobora no kugaragara kuva mu mashuri y'incuke.
Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu bwana
Niba umwana wawe ahagaritse kubara hagati mu myaka ye akiri muto, cyangwa agakomeza gukoresha intoki ze nyuma y’uko abandi bana bo mu kigero cye bahagaritse kubara n’intoki zabo, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso.
Nanone, hari ubuhanga bwitwa "subitizing." Ni ukuvuga, tekereza utembagaje agace gato uhita umenya uti "Uyu ni 5, uyu ni 3," utiriwe ubara utudomo. Umwana ufite dyscalculia ashobora kuba afite ubushobozi buke bwo kubikora. Mu magambo make, biragoye guhita uvuga niba 8 cyangwa 6 ari nini. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umwana atangira kugira ubwoba no guhangayika iyo imibare ivuzwe.
Ingorane umwana ahura nazo agiye ku ishuri
Niba umwana uri mu kigero cyo kwiga afite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza mu ishuri , ashobora kugira ikibazo mu ngingo zikurikira.
| Ingorane | Mu magambo make ... (Ibisobanuro Byoroshye) |
|---|---|
| Kubara inyuma | Kugorwa no kubara inyuma muri 10, 9, 8, 7... |
| Gusobanukirwa ibipimo | Kutabasha gusobanukirwa ibipimo nka santimetero, metero na kilogarama. |
| Ibibazo by'Amagambo | Biragoye kumva inkuru ifite imirongo myinshi nk'iyi ivuga ngo "Amal yari afite imyembe 5, maze ayiha mushiki we 2..." |
| Ibikorwa by'ibanze by'imibare | Bifata igihe kugira ngo umuntu yige ibintu byoroshye nko guteranya, gukuramo no gukuba. |
| Ibice n'ibice by'imigabane | Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibice by'imigabane n'ibice by'imigabane. |
| Kubara amafaranga | Biragoye kubara neza amafaranga asigaye mu iduka. |
| Kugenzura igihe | Biragoye kumenya igihe ukoresheje isaha ifite amaboko. |
| Imibare yo kwibuka | Kugorwa no kwibuka ibintu nka nimero ya terefone cyangwa aderesi yo mu rugo. |
Igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye n'imibare nk'iki gishobora guteza imihangayiko ikomeye kuri aba bana, kandi bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe, haba mu mutwe no ku mubiri.
- Ubwoba
- Kumva nta kibazo (Agitat ED )
- Ubwoba bw'imibare cyangwa kujya ku ishuri
- Isesemi, kuruka
- Kubabara mu nda
Ni izihe mpamvu zitera dyscalculia?
Impamvu nyayo y’ibi ntiramenyekana kugeza ubu, ariko abahanga bemeza ko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kubitera.
- Iterambere ry'ubwonko: Abashakashatsi babonye impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu bice by'ubwonko bifitanye isano no kwiga, kwibuka, no gufata ibyemezo ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kw'imitekerereze.
- Ingaruka ku miterere y’umubiri: Iyo umwe mu babyeyi afite ibibazo by’imibare, umwana aba afite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara. Hari n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’imiterere y’umubiri, nka Turner’s syndrome na fragile X syndrome , zishobora kuba zirimo.
- Impamvu zishingiye ku bidukikije: Ibintu nko kunywa inzoga z'umubyeyi mu gihe umwana ari mu nda, kubyara umwana utarageza igihe, no kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ubwonko no guteza iyi ndwara.
- Kwangirika k'ubwonko: Hari igihe, nubwo ibice by'ubwonko byangirika mu mpanuka, ubushobozi bwo mu mibare bushobora kugabanuka.
Ariko ibuka ko ibibazo byose by'imibare atari ikibazo cyo kudakora neza mu mibare. Bishobora kandi guterwa n'ibintu nk'ibibazo byo mu mibare, cyangwa kutagira inyigisho.
Ni gute wasuzuma ibi?
Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ibi bibazo, ntugatinye kandi ukurikize izi ntambwe.
1. Banza ushakishe muganga: Hari igihe ibibazo byo mu mutwe bishobora guterwa no kutabona neza cyangwa kutumva neza. Ni ngombwa kubanza kureba neza ko nta kibazo kirimo.
2. Vugana n'abarimu: Vugana n'umwarimu w'imibare w'umwana wawe kugira ngo wumve neza aho umwana wawe ahanganye n'ibibazo. Baza kandi abarimu bigisha andi masomo uko umwana wawe yifashe mu yandi masomo.
3. Reba Inzobere mu by'Inyigisho: Niba ugifite gushidikanya nyuma yo kuvugana na muganga n'abarimu, ni byiza kureba inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abana cyangwa inzobere mu by'ubumuga bwo kwiga. Bazasuzuma umwana wawe indwara ya dyscalculia binyuze mu bizamini bitandukanye.
Ushobora kandi kubona ubufasha mu isuzumabumenyi binyuze mu ishuri. Baza ishami rishinzwe ubuyobozi bw'ishuri cyangwa umwarimu w'ishuri kuri ibi.
Uburyo bwo kuvura no gufasha?
Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura dyscalculia, ariko niba umwana wawe afite indi ndwara, nka ADHD cyangwa ihungabana, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha uburyo bwo kuvura.
Ikintu cyiza kurusha ibindi ni uko,Kumenya iki kibazo hakiri kare bishoboka (Ubutabazi bw'ibanze). Kubera ko ubwonko bw'abana bukiri gukura, uko batangira kubafasha vuba, ni ko umusaruro uba mwiza. Cyane cyane, uburyo bwo kwigisha bujyanye n'igihe, imikino y'imibare, no gukora imyitozo kenshi bigira uruhare runini mu gufasha aba bana gutera imbere neza.
Wafasha ute nk'umubyeyi?
Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe kugabanya ubwoba afite mu mibare.
| Icyo Wakora | Bikora iki? (Uburyo Bifasha) |
|---|---|
| Reka bakoreshe intoki zabo n'impapuro. | Gukoresha ikintu gifatika mu kubara biroroha kubyumva. |
| Mpa igikoresho cyoroshye cyo kubara. | Gufasha mu mibare y'ibanze bigabanya stress. |
| Koresha impapuro z'imbonerahamwe. | Ibi bifasha kugumana imibare n'inkingi mu buryo bukurikiranye. |
| Shushanya amashusho agaragaza inkuru. | Ikibazo mu magambo biroroha kucyumva iyo kigaragajwe mu ishusho. |
| Ha agaciro imihati kurusha umusaruro. | Kuvuga ngo "Wakoranye umwete" byongera icyizere cy'umwana. |
| Ganira n'umwana wawe kuri ubu bumuga bwo kwiga. | Kubumvisha ko atari ikosa ryabo bitanga ihumure mu mitekerereze. |
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kudakora neza si ubunebwe bw'umwana cyangwa ubwenge buke. Ni ubumuga bwo kwiga mu by'ukuri.
- Niba umwana wawe azi neza andi masomo ariko agakomeza kugira intege nke mu mibare, gira amakenga.
- Ni ngombwa kumenya iyi ndwara vuba bishoboka no gushaka ubufasha bw'inzobere ibifitiye ubumenyi. Shaka ubuyobozi kwa muganga wawe kuri ibi.
- Baramutse bashyigikiwe neza kandi bakihangana n'ababyeyi n'abarimu, aba bana bazahabwa imbaraga nyinshi zo gutsinda ubwoba bwabo bw'imibare no gutera imbere neza.
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