Icyo ukeneye kumenya ku bijyanye n'ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi!

Amashanyarazi yabaye igice cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, si byo se? Dukeneye amashanyarazi kugira ngo tubone umuriro, ducane terefone, duteke umuceri mu gikoni giteka umuceri, turyamane n'umufana... Ibi byose bisaba amashanyarazi. Ariko rimwe na rimwe aya mashanyarazi ubwayo ashobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye ndetse akatugiraho ingaruka mbi. Ugomba kuba warumvise inkuru nka "Oh, musaza wanjye yafashwe n'amashanyarazi ari mu bitaro", "Uwo mwana yafashwe n'amashanyarazi ari mu kaga". Hari igihe dutoroka dufite imvune nto, ariko rimwe na rimwe ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Rero, uyu munsi tuzavuga birambuye kuri iyi mvune y'amashanyarazi, cyangwa nk'uko tuyita, 'imvune y'amashanyarazi'. Kubimenya neza bizadufasha cyane mu kwirinda no kwirinda abakunzi bacu.

Igitutu cy'amashanyarazi mu by'ukuri bivuze iki?

Muri make, amashanyarazi aterwa n'amashanyarazi ni igihe umuriro w'amashanyarazi unyura mu mubiri wawe cyangwa ugakora ku mubiri wawe. Ibi bishobora kubaho ahantu hose hari amashanyarazi. Bishobora kuba bivuye ku gice cyo gufunga mu nzu, bishobora kuba bivuye ku nsinga nini y'amashanyarazi hanze. Noneho reba, aya mashanyarazi agendana n'imbaraga zitwa voltage . Nk'uko umuvuduko w'amazi wiyongera uko uburebure bw'ikigega cy'amazi bwiyongera, uko voltage yiyongera, ni ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziba nyinshi. Ariko, nubwo voltage iri hasi, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho imvune zikomeye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'urupfu. Kubwibyo, ntubifate nk'ibisanzwe , utekereza ko wakubiswe n'umuriro muto. Nubwo ushobora kugaragara nk'igikomere gito inyuma, hashobora kubaho kwangirika gukomeye imbere mu mubiri. Niyo mpamvu umuntu wese wakubiswe n'umuriro, nubwo waba usa n'aho ari muto, agomba guhita ajya kwa muganga. Iyo urupfu rubaye bitewe n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, abaganga babyita amashanyarazi .

Ibi ni ibisanzwe gute?

Impanuka ziterwa n'amashanyarazi zibaho hirya no hino ku isi. Ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bato. Urabizi, abana bato barashishikazwa cyane. Hari igihe bashyira insinga mu kanwa, cyangwa bagakanda ibice by'icyuma mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Iki ni cyo gihe impanuka nyinshi ziba. Byongeye kandi, izi mpanuka zikunze kugaragara mu bakora mu bwubatsi no mu bahanga mu by'amashanyarazi. Mu gihugu cyacu, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imvura, impanuka zivugwa bitewe n'insinga zishaje n'insinga z'amashanyarazi zangiritse.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Ibimenyetso by'ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Biterwa n'ibintu nk'imbaraga z'umugezi n'inzira unyuramo mu mubiri. Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bihita bigaragara, ibindi ntibigaragare.

• Kutamenya
• Gucika intege cyangwa gucika intege
• Kubabara imitsi - nk'ukuguru gukururwa
• Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amarasoIntege nke, zidakora neza, cyangwa zidakora neza
• Gutwika - Gutwika bikunze kubaho aho amashanyarazi yinjiraga n'aho asohoka mu mubiri.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka (Dyspnea)
• Ububabare bwo mu nda
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Gufatwa n'indwara zo mu mutwe - nko kugira ikibazo cyo kurwara
• Kuribwa umutwe
• Ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa kumva neza
• Iyo amashanyarazi anyuze mu maso , indwara ya cataract ishobora kuvuka.
• Iyo umwana muto ahekenya insinga z'amashanyarazi, iminwa ye ishobora gushya no kwijima.

Igikuru ni uko nubwo umuntu yakubitwa n'amashanyarazi, ashobora kuba adakomeretse cyane inyuma, ariko ashobora kuba akomeretse cyane imbere. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga byihuse.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera gucika kw'amashanyarazi?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma impanuka z'amashanyarazi zibaho. Inyinshi muri zo zishobora kwirindwa niba twitonze gato.

• Insinga z'amashanyarazi zishaje, zangiritse kandi zagaragaye.
• Amazi yinjira mu masoko y'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu rugo (urugero, gucana switch n'intoki zitose, cyangwa gukoresha icyuma gishyushya amazi kiri hafi y'ubwiherero).
• Guca insinga y'amashanyarazi ikora (ibi bikunze kubaho mu buryo butateguwe).
• Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu rugo bifite inenge (ibintu nk'ibyuma, amasafuriya, imashini zivangavanze, nibindi, iyo bishaje, iyo insinga zacitse zigasigara gutyo, bishobora guteza impanuka).
• Insinga z'amashanyarazi zaguye ku mihanda no ku mazu. (Ugomba kwitonda cyane kuri ibi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'umuyaga mwinshi n'imvura).
• Inkuba ikubita - Ibi ni gake cyane, ariko biteye akaga.

Tekereza, amazu amwe akoresha insinga zo kwagura insinga, hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi bishyirwa mu gice kimwe cy’insinga. Mu bihe nk’ibi, amahirwe yo gushyuha no kuzimya insinga, bigatera impanuka, ni menshi cyane.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'amashanyarazi?

Kwangirika guterwa n'amashanyarazi ntibirangirira aho. Hari igihe, ingorane z'igihe kirekire zishobora kubaho.

• Kwandura - Kwandura ni yo mpamvu ikomeye itera urupfu mu bantu bari mu bitaro kubera amashanyarazi. Kwandura bishobora kwinjira byoroshye binyuze mu bikomere byo gushya.
• Umutima utari mwiza (Arrhythmia)
• Guhagarara k'umutima- Guhagarara k'umutima mu buryo butunguranye.
• Coma - kutagira ubwenge bwimbitse.
• Gutakaza kwibuka (Amnesia)
• Guhagarara kw'ubuhumekero
• Gutwika
• Indwara zo mu mutwe - guhangayika cyane, kwiheba, cyangwa impinduka mu miterere y'umuntu.
• Izindi mvune cyangwa amagufwa yavunitse bitewe no guterwa n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi.

Niba umuntu afashwe n'amashanyarazi, ni iki twakora mbere (ubutabazi bw'ibanze)?

Iki ni ingenzi cyane. Niba hari umuntu wo mu gace utuyemo wafashwe n'amashanyarazi, ntugatinye kandi witondere cyane. Wibuke ko umutekano wawe nawo ari ingenzi cyane. 1. Ntugakore ku muntu ufashwe n'amashanyarazi kubera impamvu iyo ari yo yose, niba agihujwe n'isoko y'amashanyarazi. Niba ubikoze, ushobora no gukubitwa n'amashanyarazi. 2. Niba bishoboka, hita uhagarika amashanyarazi. Zimya icyuma gikurura umuriro. Cyangwa uvanemo amashanyarazi. 3. Niba udashobora guhagarika amashanyarazi, gerageza gukura uwo muntu ku isoko y'amashanyarazi ukoresheje ikintu kidatanga amashanyarazi, nk'ibiti byumye, umuyoboro wa pulasitiki, rabha . Ntugakoreshe inkoni itose cyangwa icyuma. 4. Nyuma yo gukura uwo muntu ku isoko y'amashanyarazi, ntukamujyane keretse niba nta ngaruka zo kongera gukomereka. Kubikora bishobora kongera imvune. 5. Hamagara ako kanya serivisi y'imbangukiragutabara kuri 1990 (Suvaseriya) cyangwa 119 (nomero y'ubutabazi ya polisi) kugira ngo uhabwe ubufasha. 6. Niba umuntu adahumeka, tanga CPR niba warahuguwe. 7. Niba umuntu afite ubwenge, muganire kandi umurinde gutuza.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini abaganga bakora?

Iyo wowe cyangwa umuntu wafashwe n'amashanyarazi agejejwe kwa muganga, ikintu cya mbere abaganga bakora ni ugusuzuma uburemere bw'imvune. Cyane cyane bagenzura niba umutima, ubwonko, imitsi n'amagufwa byangiritse.

• Hakorwa electrocardiogram (EKG) kugira ngo bapime umutima.
• Ibizamini by'amaraso n'inkari bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba imitsi yangiritse.
• Ibizamini nka X-rays , CT (Computed Tomography) scans , cyangwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari amagufwa yavunitse cyangwa ingingo zacitse.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko bw'ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi n'uburemere bw'imvune.

• Imiti igabanya ububabare iratangwa.
• Amazi yo mu mitsi (IV) atangwa kugira ngo umubiri ubone amazi akenewe.
• Amavuta yo kwisiga arwanya udukoko n'ibitambaro bitwikwa.
• Iyo habayeho ubushye bukomeye, gukuba uruhu bishobora no kuba ngombwa.

Umuntu wafashwe n'amashanyarazi akira neza gute?

Ibi biragoye kubivuga. Hari abantu bakira vuba nyuma y’imvune nto. Hari abantu bashobora kurwara bikomeye ndetse bagapfa. Biterwa n’ibintu byinshi. Urugero, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ufite amashanyarazi menshi ni mubi kurusha umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi muto. Ariko, nk’uko byavuzwe mbere, n’amashanyarazi make ashobora gutera urupfu. Amahirwe yo kurokora ubuzima bw’umuntu aragabanuka mu bihe nk’ibi:

• Iyo umutima uhagaze.
• Iyo igice kinini cy'umubiri cyahiye.
• Iyo habayeho ubwandu.

Nubwo nyuma yo kuvurwa neza, bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo by’ubuzima bwabo bwose, cyane cyane ibibazo byo mu mutwe.

Ni iki wakora kugira ngo wirinde gukubitwa n'amashanyarazi? (Kwirinda)

Baravuga bati: “Kuburira hakiri kare ni byiza.” Rero, hari ibintu bike twakora kugira ngo twirinde izi mpanuka z’amashanyarazi.

• Niba urimo gusana amashanyarazi yo mu nzu yawe, buri gihe shyira akazi ku mukozi w’amashanyarazi wujuje ibisabwa kandi wemewe gusa.
• Niba urugo rwawe rufite uburyo bwo gusimbuza imodoka (gusimbuza imodoka zirinda umutekano/gusimbuza imodoka zirinda urugendo) , jya ubanza urebe neza ko zikora neza.
• Ntugakoreshe ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi hafi y'amazi cyangwa ubushuhe. Witondere cyane ahantu nko mu bwiherero cyangwa hafi y'aho igikoni gishyirwa.
• Ntugakoreshe igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cy'amashanyarazi gifite insinga yacitse, yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse. Ndetse n'ikintu gito gishobora guhinduka impanuka ikomeye.
• Mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, kurikiza amabwiriza wahawe neza.
• Niba urimo gukorana n'amashanyarazi ku kazi, kurikiza amabwiriza y'umutekano witonze. Ambara inkweto za rubber n'uturindantoki twa rubber niba bibaye ngombwa.
• Ntugashyire ibikoresho byinshi cyane kuri soketi y'imashini.
• Niba ufite abana bato, shyiramo ibipfundikizo by'umutekano ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Shyira insinga ku buryo abana batazigera bazigeraho.

Ukeneye kujya kwa muganga? Ni ryari ugomba kujyayo?

Yego rwose! Ni ngombwa cyane ko umuntu wese wafashwe n'amashanyarazi, nubwo nta gikomere gikomeye kigaragara, asaba ubufasha kwa muganga.

• Niba ufashwe n'amashanyarazi kubera umuriro muke kandi nta bushye bubayeho, gana muganga mu masaha 48. Icyo ni cyo gihe cyiza cyo kuvura ibyangiritse imbere mu mubiri. Niba umwana wawe afashwe n'amashanyarazi, hamagara muganga w'abana vuba kugira ngo akugire inama.
• Niba warahuye n'umuriro uri hasi kandi ukaba waratwitswe, jya mu bitaro bikuru byita ku butabazi bw'ibanze biri hafi yawe. Ntugerageze kuvura umuriro uri mu rugo.
• Niba ufashwe n'amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi, hamagara 1990 ako kanya, cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw'ibanze ry'ibitaro biri hafi yawe.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya 'Electric Shock' na 'Electrocution'

Nubwo abantu benshi bakoresha aya magambo yombi icyarimwe, hari itandukaniro rito.

• Ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi: Impanuka y'amashanyarazi idahitana ubuzima.
• Gucibwa n'amashanyarazi: Impanuka y'amashanyarazi yahitanye abantu benshi .

Ese ushobora gupfa uzize amashanyarazi aturutse kuri pulaki?

Ibi ntabwo bikunze kubaho, ariko nanone ntibishoboka. Isoketi isanzwe mu ngo zacu itanga volti 120-240. Nubwo impanuka z'amashanyarazi kuri uyu muvuduko zidakunze kubaho, zirahitana. Ariko, hari raporo zimwe na zimwe z'impfu ku rugero rwo hasi nka volti 42. Rero, ntugatekereze uti "Ni umuvuduko wo mu rugo gusa, bityo nta kibazo."

Ese ushobora gupfa nyuma yo gukubitwa n'amashanyarazi?

Yego, birashoboka. Nubwo wakizwa impanuka y'amashanyarazi icyo gihe, ushobora gupfa uzize ingorane nyuma. Kwandura indwara no guhagarara k'umutima ni byo bibazo biteje akaga cyane nyuma y'igihe gito. Niyo mpamvu kujya kwa muganga vuba bishobora kugabanya ibi byago.

Amaherezo, ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Impanuka ziba mu gihe tutiteze. Ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi rishobora guhindura byose mu kanya gato.

Tekereza ku mutekano wawe n'uw'umuryango wawe. Witondere cyane mu gihe ukoresha amashanyarazi. Kurikiza neza amabwiriza y'umutekano. Niba hari ikibazo gikomeye cyangiritse ku buryo bw'amashanyarazi mu rugo, menya neza ko wasabye ubufasha bw'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi.

Niba umuntu afashwe n'amashanyarazi, ntugatinye, tanga ubufasha bw'ibanze bukwiye, kandi shakisha ubuvuzi bwihuse. Wibuke ko kwangirika k'imbere mu mubiri bishobora kuba bikomeye kuruta ibikomere bigaragara. Rero, ntukabirengagize nk' "ikintu gito."