Ese wigeze ubona raporo y'isuzuma ry'amaraso igaragaza urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru gato? Cyangwa se wigeze wumva umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti abivugaho? Mu by'ukuri, ibi ni ibintu bisanzwe ku bantu benshi mu gihugu cyacu. Hari abantu babifata nk'ikintu gikomeye cyane kandi bagatinya, mu gihe abandi babifata nk'ibisanzwe, bakibwira bati: "Ni ikintu kiba kuri buri wese." Iyi cholesterol iri hejuru ni iki, cyangwa icyo abaganga bita hyperlipidemia? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, nta bwoba cyangwa gushidikanya.
Mu magambo make, hyperlipidemie ni iki?
Biroroshye cyane. Hyperlipidemie ni igihe ufite ibinure byinshi, cyangwa ibinure binini, mu maraso yawe kuruta uko bisanzwe. Hari n'abantu babyita dyslipidemie. Noneho ushobora kuba urimo gutekereza uti "Oh, ndimo ndushaho kugira ibinure byinshi." Ntugahangayike, reka tubisobanureho gato.
Kolesteroli ni ubwoko bw'ibinure by'ingenzi ku mibiri yacu. Umwijima wacu utanga iyi kolesteroli mu buryo busanzwe. Uzi impamvu? Dukeneye iyi kolesteroli kugira ngo idufashe gusya ibyo turya no gukora ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi, nk'imisemburo.
Ariko ikibazo gitangira hano. Uretse ingano ya cholesterol dukeneye gukorwa n'umwijima, tunabona cholesterol yiyongereye mu biribwa turya, cyane cyane ibiryo by'inyamaswa nk'inyama, amata, amavuta na foromaje. Ikibazo gitangira iyo umubiri wirundanyije cholesterol nyinshi kuruta iyo ukeneye.
Tekereza ko imiyoboro y'amaraso yacu imeze nk'imihanda yo mu gihugu cyacu. Amaraso ni yo modoka zigenda muri iyo mihanda. Iyo cholesterol yiyongera, nk'uko umwanda, imyanda n'amabuye byirundanya ku mihanda bikayifunga, ibi binure byinjira mu miyoboro y'amaraso bigatangira kubuza amaraso gutembera. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita `(Atherosclerosis)`.
Iyo amaraso atembera nabi muri ubu buryo, ingingo z'ingenzi nk'umutima wacu n'ubwonko bibura umwuka n'intungamubiri bakeneye. Aho niho akaga nyako kaba kari.
Inkuru ivuga ku kinyabutabire cya cholesterol "nziza" na cholesterol "mbi" ni iyihe?
Ushobora kuba warumvise "cholesterol nziza" na " cholesterol mbi ." Ushobora kuba warabonye agaciro ka gatatu cyangwa kane mu isuzuma ry'amaraso yawe: `LDL, `HDL, na `Triglycerides.` Reka tubisobanukirwe n'urugero rworoshye cyane.
Tekereza cholesterol nk'abagenzi bagenda mu nzira y'amaraso. Aba bagenzi ntibashobora kugenda bonyine, bagenda mu bwoko bwihariye bw'imodoka. Ibi binyabiziga twita lipoprotein.
| Ubwoko bwa cholesterol | Mu magambo make ... | Ibintu byo kwibuka |
|---|---|---|
| LDL (Lipoporoteyine yo mu bwoko bwa Low-Density) | Iyi ni cholesterol "mbi". Tekereza nk'ikamyo nini ivunika mu muhanda rwagati. Itwara cholesterol mu mwijima ikayishyira ku nkuta z'imitsi y'amaraso yawe. Uko ibi birushaho kuba byinshi, niko amahirwe menshi y'uko imitsi y'amaraso yawe izafungwa. | Ni byiza kugabanya iki gipimo. Muri rusange, ni byiza kukigabanya munsi ya 130 mg/dL. |
| HDL (Lipoporoteyine ifite ubucucike bwinshi) | Uyu ni intwari mu nkuru yacu, cholesterol "nziza". Ni nk'ikamyo ikurura imodoka ikura imodoka zafatiriwe mu muhanda. Icyo HDL ikora ni ugufata cholesterol idakenewe yishyize mu mitsi yawe ikayigeza ku mwijima kugira ngo ivunike. | Ni byiza gukomeza iki gipimo kiri hejuru . Ubusanzwe, kigomba kuba kiri hejuru ya 40 mg/dL. Ikintu cyose kiri hejuru ya 60 ni cyiza cyane. |
| Triglycerides | Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bw'ibinure biboneka mu maraso. Uku ni ko umubiri ubikira karori zirenze izikomoka ku biryo turya. Kwiyongera kwabyo ni indi mpamvu ituma imiyoboro y'amaraso iziba. Ibi bibaho cyane cyane iyo urya isukari nyinshi, ifu, n'ibiryo birimo amavuta. | Iki gipimo nacyo kigomba kugenzurwa kiri hasi . Muri rusange, biba byiza iyo kiri munsi ya 150 mg/dL. |
Noneho biragaragara ko ikibazo atari "cholesterol" gusa, ahubwo ni ubusumbane hagati y'ubwoko "bwiza" n' "bubi".
Ni iki kiba ku mubiri iyo cholesterol yiyongera? Ese hari ibimenyetso?
Iki ni cyo kintu giteje akaga cyane kuri iyi ndwara kandi ni cyo tugomba kwitondera. Iyo cholesterol iri hejuru, nta bimenyetso bigaragara mu ntangiriro. Ntuba wumva ububabare cyangwa ngo ugire ikibazo. Niyo mpamvu abantu benshi batazi urugero rwa cholesterol yabo.
Ariko ibyangiritse biva imbere bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ibinure byiyongera mu mitsi y'amaraso, bigafunga inzira amaraso yinjiramo. Ibi biramutse bikomeje imyaka myinshi, umunsi umwe, plaque ishobora gucika mu buryo butunguranye, igakora ikibyimba cy'amaraso gishobora kuziba burundu imitsi y'amaraso.
- Iyo umutsi ujyana amaraso mu mutima ufunze, bitera indwara y'umutima .
- Iyo bigaragaye mu mitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko, bitera indwara yo mu bwonko .
Niyo mpamvu cholesterol yitwa "umwanzi utagira icyo uvuga." Mu gihe ibimenyetso bigaragaye, akenshi ibyangiritse biba byaramaze kugaragara. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gupimisha amaraso yawe buri gihe , aho gutegereza ko ibimenyetso bigaragara.
Ni gake cyane abantu bafite hypercholesterolemia yo mu muryango bashobora kugira ibibyimba by'umuhondo ku ruhu (xanthomas) cyangwa impeta yera ikikije cornea (corneal arcus), ariko ibi ni gake cyane.
Kuki iyi cholesterol yiyongera? Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara?
Nta mpamvu n'imwe ibaho itera cholesterol nyinshi, ariko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kuyitera. Hari ibintu dushobora kugenzura, hari n'ibyo tudashoboye kugenzura.
Ibintu by'ubuzima dushobora guhindura:
- Indyo idahwitse: Kurya amavuta menshi, isukari, umunyu, n'ibiribwa byatunganyijwe. Cyane cyane ibiryo birimo ibinure byuzuye n'ibinure bya trans (ibikomoka ku migati, ibiryo byihuse).
- Kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri: Kwicara ahantu hamwe hafi umunsi wose, nta myitozo ngororamubiri ikorwa n'umubiri.
- Kunywa itabi : Kunywa itabi bigabanya urugero rwa cholesterol "nziza" (HDL) kandi byangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso.
- Kunywa inzoga nyinshi: Ibi bishobora kongera urugero rwa cholesterol na triglyceride.
- Umubyibuho ukabije: Uburemere burenze urugero bw'umubiri ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera ibyago.
- Stress: Stress y'igihe kirekire ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku rugero rwa cholesterol mu buryo butaziguye.
Izindi mpamvu z'ubuvuzi tudashobora kugira icyo dukoraho:
- Inkomoko y'uturemangingo: Niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe afite cholesterol nyinshi cyangwa indwara y'umutima, nawe uri mu kaga gakomeye.
- Imyaka:Hariho ingeso karemano y'uko urugero rwa cholesterol rugenda rwiyongera uko tugenda dusaza.
- Izindi ndwara: Indwara nka diyabete, hypothyroidism, indwara z'impyiko, n'indwara z'umwijima nabyo bishobora gutera cholesterol nyinshi.
- Imiti imwe n'imwe: Imiti imwe n'imwe ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Beta-blockers, Diuretics), hamwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso na byo bishobora gutera impinduka mu rugero rwa cholesterol.
Ni gute wamenya urugero rwa cholesterol?
Ibi biroroshye cyane. Muganga wawe azagusaba gupima amaraso yitwa `Lipid Profile` (rimwe na rimwe yitwa `Fasting Lipid Profile`). Ibi bisaba kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha agera kuri 8-12 (unywa amazi gusa) hanyuma ugatanga ikizamini cy'amaraso.
Muri iyo raporo, iyawe,
- Cholesterol yose
- LDL (cholesterol mbi)
- HDL (cholesterol nziza)
- Triglycerides
Muganga azamenya neza agaciro ka buri kimwe. Hanyuma, akurikije ibintu byose nk'imyaka yawe, izindi ndwara zawe, n'amateka y'umuryango wawe, azasuzuma amanota y'ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yawe, kandi aguhe inama zikenewe.
Ni iki twakora kugira ngo tugenzure cholesterol?
Inkuru nziza ni uko cholesterol ari ikintu dushobora kugenzura neza. Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kubikora.
1. Impinduka mu mibereho
Iyi ni intambwe ya mbere kandi y'ingenzi mu kuvura. Hari igihe, niba urugero rwa cholesterol yawe rutari hejuru cyane, ushobora kuyigenzura ukoresheje izi mpinduka gusa.
- Indyo nziza ku mutima:
- Kurya imboga nyinshi, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe, n'ibinyampeke byuzuye (umuceri w'umukara, ingano).
- Gabanya kurya ibiryo birimo amavuta, bikaranze, ibiryo byihuse, keke, na biscuit uko bishoboka kose.
- Aho gukoresha ibinure by’inyamaswa (inyama zitukura, amavuta, foromaje), shyiramo ibiryo birimo ibinure byiza nka amafi (nka salmon, mackerel, sardine), imbuto (cashews, ubunyobwa), na avoka mu ndyo yawe.
- Gabanya umunyu n'isukari.
- Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe:
- Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri nko kugenda n'amaguru, kwiruka, kugendera ku igare, cyangwa koga byibuze iminota 30 ku munsi, nibura iminsi 5 mu cyumweru.
- Kugumana ibiro byiza:
- Baza muganga wawe ibiro bikwiye bijyanye n'uburebure bwawe. Niba ufite umubyibuho ukabije, gerageza kugabanya ibiro buhoro buhoro.
- Kureka kunywa itabi burundu:
- Niba uri umunywi w'itabi, kurireka ni cyo cyemezo cyiza ushobora gufata ku buzima bwawe.
- Kugabanya inzoga.
2. Imiti
Niba guhindura imibereho yawe byonyine bidashobora kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol yawe, cyangwa niba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara z'umutima, muganga wawe azakwandikira imiti.
Statines ni yo miti ikomeye kandi ikoreshwa cyane ikoreshwa mu kugabanya cholesterol. Iyi miti ikora mu kugabanya ikorwa rya cholesterol n'umwijima no kwihutisha gukura cholesterol mbi mu maraso (LDL).
Mu gutangira uyu muti, hari abantu bashobora kugira ingaruka mbi nke nko kubabara imitsi. Ibi nibibaho, ntugahagarike gufata uyu muti kandi ubibwire muganga wawe ako kanya. Azahindura umuti cyangwa ahindure ingano yawo kugira ngo bikunoge. Ntugahagarike gufata uyu muti wenyine.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Hyperlipidemie ni indwara "itagira icyo itangaza" idatanga ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa ko ujya usuzuma amaraso yawe buri gihe nyuma y'imyaka 30-40, udategereje ko ibimenyetso bigaragara.
- Iki si ikintu cyo gutinya, ni ikintu gishobora kugenzurwa neza. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukucyiyemeza.
- Indyo nziza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe ni intambwe z'ibanze mu kugenzura cholesterol.
- Niba muganga wawe akwandikiye imiti, fata neza uko wabitegetswe, mu gihe runaka. Ntureke gufata imiti kubera gutinya ingaruka mbi, vugana na muganga wawe.
- Kugenzura cholesterol si ikintu cy'igihe gito. Ni ingeso nziza ugomba gukomeza ubuzima bwawe bwose.
👩🏽⚕️ Ibibazo by'inyongera (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
💬 🩺 Iki kizamini cya Lipid Profile ni iki?
Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane urugero rwa cholesterol mu maraso yacu. Hari ibice bine by'ingenzi: LDL (cholesterol mbi), HDL (cholesterol nziza), triglycerides, na cholesterol yose. Iki kizamini ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kumenya neza niba ufite cholesterol nyinshi (Hyperlipidemia).
💬 🥣 Ese ngomba kwiyiriza ubusa mbere yo gukora ikizamini cya lipide?
Yego, ubusanzwe ugomba kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha agera kuri 10-12. Ariko ushobora kunywa amazi. Uburyo bworoshye ni ukurya ifunguro rya nimugoroba hanyuma ugasuzuma mu gitondo gikurikiyeho. Muri ubwo buryo ushobora kugenzura neza urugero rw'ibinure mu maraso yawe. Hari ibisobanuro birambuye kuri ibi mu nkuru yacu.
💬 📉 Bigenda bite iyo agaciro ka lipide yanjye kiyongereye?
Niba agaciro kari muri raporo kari hejuru, bivuze ko ushobora kuba ufite hyperlipidemie. Ibyo bivuze ko hari ibinure byinshi mu maraso. Ibi nibikomeza, ibinure bishobora kwiyongera mu mitsi bigatera indwara nk'indwara z'umutima. Komeza usome inkuru yacu kugira ngo umenye ibi mu buryo bworoshye!
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