Ese uzi ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye!

Twese dufite ubwoko bwacu bwihariye bw'amaraso. Kimwe n'ibikumwe byacu. Wenda uzi ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe. Wenda ntubizi. Ariko, ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa gusa ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso n'impamvu ari ingenzi. Kuko iki ni ikintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwacu.

Ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso ni ubuhe?

Mu magambo make, amaraso yacu atandukanye gato. Iri tandukaniro ni ryo rigena ubwoko bw'amaraso yacu. Ushobora kuba warumvise abantu bavuga bati: "Ubwoko bw'amaraso yanjye ni B" cyangwa "Ubwoko bw'amaraso yanjye ni O." Nibyo. Hariho ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bw'amaraso. Ni:

• Ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa A (A)
• B (B) ubwoko bw'amaraso
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso ya AB
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso O

Buri bwoko muri ubu bugaragazwa n'utumenyetso duto tw'imiti ku buso bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yacu. Tekereza nk'amabara y'amabara. Amabara y'aya mabara atwereka ubwoko bw'amaraso yacu.

Kuki ubwoko bw'amaraso butandukanye? Inkuru y'utwo turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso!

Noneho reka turebe impamvu ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso bugabanyijemo A, B, O, na AB. Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yacu tumeze nk'abasirikare bato batwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Aba basirikare bafite "ibimenyetso" cyangwa "ibirango" byihariye ku "myambaro" cyangwa ku buso bwabo. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita `(Antigens)` . Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa `(Antigens)` bugira ingaruka cyane cyane kuri ubu bwoko bw'amaraso bwa ABO: A `(Antigen)` na B `(Antigen)`.

• Ubwoko bw'amaraso A: Niba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura dufite antigen A gusa, ubwo ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni A.
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso B: Niba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura dufite antigen B gusa, ubwo ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni B.
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso ya AB: Niba uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe dufite antigens zombi za A na B, ubwo ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni AB. Aba bantu bafite antigens zombi ku turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yabo.
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso O: Niba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura tudafite antigens za A cyangwa B, ubwo ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni O. O bivuze "zero," bivuze ko idafite izi antigens zihariye.

Uretse izi `(Antigens)`, hari ikindi kintu kidasanzwe mu maraso yacu, ni ukuvuga `(Plasma)`. Ni `( Antibodys )` . Izi ni nk'abasirikare bashinzwe umutekano bakorana n'izo `(Antigens)`. Izi `(Antibodys)` ni zo zirwanya ubwoko bw'amaraso butari bwo iyo bwinjiye mu mubiri.

• Abantu bafite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa A bafite "Antibodies" (Anti-B) zirwanya "Antigen" (B). Ibi bivuze ko ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa B budahuye na bo.
• Abantu bafite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa B bafite "Antibodies" (Anti-A) irwanya "Antigen" A. Ibi bivuze ko ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa A budahuye na bo.
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso ya ABAbantu ntibagira "Antibodies" zirwanya izi "Antigens". Kubwibyo, bashobora kwakira uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso duturutse ku bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose (harimo na Rh factor) A, B, AB, O (tuzabivugaho gato).
• Abantu bafite amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa O bafite uturemangingo (Anti-A na Anti-B) twose durwanya ubwoko bw'amaraso ya A na B. Kubwibyo, bashobora kwakira amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa O gusa.

Iki kintu cya `(Antigens)` na `(Antibodies)` ni ingenzi cyane mu gutanga amaraso no kwakira amaraso. Tuzabivugaho gato.

Icyo kintu (+) cyiza, (-) kibi ni ikihe? (Rh Factor)

Noneho ugomba kuba warumvise ibintu nka A positive (A+), B negative (B-). Uretse A, B, AB, O, hari akandi gace gato kongeweho. Ni ukuvuga niba ari positive (+) cyangwa negative (-). Ibi tubyita Rh factor `(Rh Factor)` . Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bwa `(Antigen)` ku buso bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Iyi `(Antigen)` yitwa D `(Antigen)` (antigen ya RhD).

• Niba ufite iyi D `(Antigen)` ku turemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, uba ufite Rh positive . Tuyigaragaza n'ikimenyetso cya (+). Abantu benshi muri Sri Lanka bafite Rh positive.
• Niba udafite iyi D `(Antigen)` ku turemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, uba uri Rh negative . Tubigaragaza hamwe n'ikimenyetso cya (-). Hari abantu bake bafite Rh negative bake.

Noneho rero, iyo ubwoko bw'amaraso ya ABO twavuze mbere buhujwe n'iyi nkuru ya Rh, ubwoko bw'amaraso bwuzuye buraremwa. Urugero:

• Icyizere (A+)
• A Negative (A-)
• B Yagaragaye ko ari mwiza (B+)
• B Negative (B-)
• Ubwinshi bwa AB bwagaragaye (AB+)
• AB Negative (AB-)
• O nziza (O+)
• O mbi (O-)

Ubu urabyumva? Bishobora gusa nkaho bigoye gato, ariko biroroshye cyane. Izi sisitemu ebyiri, ABO na Rh, ni zo z'ingenzi cyane mu gutanga amaraso.

Kuki ari ingenzi cyane kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yacu?

Noneho ushobora kuba uri kwibaza uti "Kuki nifuza kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yanjye?" Ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane . Hari impamvu nyinshi.

1. Guterwa amaraso mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa

Ushobora gutekereza uti "Mana yanjye, ibi ntibikwiye kubaho," ariko niba ugize impanuka ugatakaza amaraso menshi, cyangwa niba ugomba kubagwa bikomeye, ushobora gukenera gutanga andi maraso. Muri ibyo bihe, ugomba gutanga ubwoko bw'amaraso bukwiye . Uzi iki? Niba utanze ubwoko bw'amaraso butari bwo, umubiri wawe uzabona uturemangingo dushya tw'amaraso nk'"umwanzi" maze ugatangira kutwibasira. Ibi byitwa reaction yo guterwa amaraso . Ibi bishobora kuba bibi cyane , rimwe na rimwe bigatera impyiko kudakora neza, kugorwa no guhumeka, cyangwa ndetse no gupfa. Mu by'ukuri, ni nk'intambara ikomeye hagati ya "Antigens" na "Antibodies" zavuzwe haruguru mu mubiri wawe. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa ko abaganga bamenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe neza.

2. Mu gihe cyo gutwita

Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku bagore. Iyo umubyeyi afite Rh negative kandi umwana uri mu nda akaba afite Rh positive (ibi bishobora kugaragazwa n'ubwoko bw'amaraso ya se), hari ingorane zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho. Nubwo umwana wa mbere asanzwe nta kibazo gikomeye agira, mu gihe cyo kubyara, zimwe mu selile zitukura z'umwana zishobora kwivanga n'amaraso ya nyina. Hanyuma umubiri wa nyina ukagira "Antibodies" zirwanya iyo "Antigen" ya Rh positive. Noneho, niba umwana wa kabiri na we afite Rh positive, "Antibodies" zabanje gukorwa mu mubiri wa nyina zishobora kwangiza selile zitukura z'umwana. Ibi byitwa Rh incompatibility . Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo nko kubura amaraso n'umuhondo mu mwana. Ariko ntugahangayike, hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ibi. Abaganga barabisuzuma mu gihe batwite, kandi nibiba ngombwa, batanga inshinge zitwa Anti-D kugira ngo izi antibodies zihagarike ikorwa. Kuri ibi, ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso ya nyina.

3. Mu gihe utanga amaraso

Niba uri umutanga amaraso, kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa abo ushobora gufasha. Binafasha banki z'amaraso gutanga amaraso ku barwayi bakeneye ubwoko butandukanye bw'amaraso.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'amaraso umuntu ashobora gutanga mu gihe cy'impanuka? (Umutanga-Management wa Universal)

Yego, hariho ubwoko bw'amaraso bwihariye. Ubwo ni ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa O negative . Mu gihe cy'impanuka, iyo nta mwanya wo kumenya vuba ubwoko bw'amaraso y'umurwayi, abaganga bashobora guha uturemangingo dutukura twa O negative. Uzi impamvu? Kubera ko uturemangingo dutukura twa O nta antigens za A na B ku buso bwazo, cyangwa antigen ya Rh D. Kubwibyo, iyo aya maraso ashyizwe mu mubiri w'umuntu ufite ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso, umubiri ntugira icyo ubikoraho cyane. Niyo mpamvu amaraso ya O negative yitwa "Universal Donor" (cyane cyane ku turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso).

Ariko ibuka ko ibi bikunze gukoreshwa gusa mu bihe byihutirwa. Ni byiza guha umurwayi ubwoko bw'amaraso buhuye neza (bwa ABO na Rh) igihe cyose bishoboka.

Nanone, abantu bafite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa AB bashobora guhabwa uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso duturutse ku bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso bwa ABO/Rh. Kubwibyo, abantu bafite AB nabo bitwa "abakira bose" (ku turemangingo dutukura). Kubera ko badafite uturemangingo dutera indwara za A, B, cyangwa Rh mu maraso yabo. Ariko, bashobora gutanga amaraso gusa ku bantu bafite AB.

Ubwoko bw'amaraso bugenwa gute? Ese ni ikintu dukura ku babyeyi bacu?

Yego, nibyo. Ubwoko bw'amaraso yacu buterwa n'uturemangingo duhabwa na ba mama na ba data. Kimwe n'ibara ry'umusatsi wacu, ibara ry'amaso, n'uburebure. Iki ni ikibazo cy'uturemangingo kigoye, ariko mu magambo make, ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe buterwa n'uruvange rw'uturemangingo kamwe kavuye kuri nyoko n'uturemangingo kamwe kavuye kuri so. Urugero:

• Niba ababyeyi bombi bafite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa O, umwana na we nta kabuza azaba afite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa O.
• Ariko ikindiMu bwoko bw'amaraso , bishobora kuba bitandukanye gato. Hari igihe umwana ashobora kugira ubwoko bw'amaraso butandukanye n'ubwa nyina n'ubwa se (urugero, niba nyina ari A na se ari B, umwana ashobora kuba A, B, AB, cyangwa O). Biterwa n'uburyo ingirabuzimafatizo ziteranijwe.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho ubwoko butandukanye bw'amaraso ndetse no mu bagize umuryango.

Namenya nte neza ubwoko bw'amaraso yanjye?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya neza ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni ugupima amaraso . Ibi byitwa "Gupima amaraso mu byiciro no kwandika amaraso mu buryo bwa Rh".

• Ushobora kubaza ibi iyo ugiye kwa muganga.
• Bitabaye ibyo, niba ugiye gutanga amaraso, bazasuzuma ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe. Gutanga amaraso si akamenyero keza gusa, ahubwo ni n'umwanya wo kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ku buntu.
• Urugero, mu bitaro bimwe na bimwe, ubwoko bw'amaraso nabwo busuzumwa mbere yo kubagwa .

Ni ngombwa kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe no kuyandika ahantu runaka. Hari abantu bayabika ku ikarita yabo y'indangamuntu cyangwa ku ikarita nto mu isakoshi yabo. Ibi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane mu gihe cy'impanuka. Nubwo waba udashobora kuvuga, aya makuru azafasha abaganga.

Reka duhurize hamwe iki kiganiro maze tukibuke? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka dusubiremo ibintu by'ingenzi twaganiriyeho uyu munsi. Ibi bishobora kugufasha mu buzima bwawe umunsi umwe.

• Twese dufite ubwoko bw'amaraso. Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi: A, B, AB, na O.
• Uretse ibi, hari kandi Rh positive (+) cyangwa Rh negative (-) . Ibi byombi hamwe bigize ubwoko bw'amaraso yose (urugero: A+, O-).
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso bugaragazwa na antigens ziri ku buso bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
• Kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe utanga amaraso, uhabwa amaraso ( guterwa amaraso ), urimo kubagwa, ndetse no mu gihe utwite . Gutanga ubwoko bw'amaraso butari bwo ni akaga.
• Ubwoko bw'amaraso butarimo ubwoko bwa O bushobora gutangwa ku muntu uwo ari we wese kugira ngo ahabwe uturemangingo dutukura mu gihe cy'impanuka ( umutanga amaraso uhoraho).
• Abantu bafite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa AB bashobora guhabwa uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tw'ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose (umuntu wese uhabwa uturemangingo).
• Suzuma amaraso yawe kugira ngo umenye ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe. Yandike hanyuma uyabike ahantu hatekanye.

Rero, ndizera ko ibi bintu ku bwoko bw'amaraso yawe bizagufasha. Iyi si inama z'abaganga, ahubwo ni ukwiyongera ubumenyi rusange. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa ushaka kumenya byinshi ku bwoko bw'amaraso yawe, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga. Ubwoko bw'amaraso, Amatsinda y'amaraso, ABO, Rh factor, Gutanga amaraso, Gutera amaraso.