Nk'umugore, kwita ku buzima bw'ibere ryawe ni ingenzi cyane. Ariko, ijambo ' mammogram ' rimwe na rimwe rishobora gutera impungenge cyangwa gushidikanya, si byo se? Ni ibisanzwe kwibaza niba bizababaza, bizabaho, cyangwa ibisubizo bishobora kugaragaza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hano muri Nirogi Lanka, turashaka kuganira ku byo ukeneye kumenya byose ku bijyanye na mammogram - mu buryo bworoshye kandi bweruye, kimwe n'inshuti ziganira - kugira ngo ugire amahoro.
Mu magambo make, mammogram ni iki?
Mammogram ni isuzuma rya X-ray ryihariye rikoresha imirasire mike cyane kugira ngo risuzume ingingo ziri mu mabere yawe. Ibi bitandukanye rwose n'imirasire ya X-ray dukoresha ku magufwa yacu. Abaganga bakoresha iyi mirasire kubera impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi:
1. Gupima Mammogram: Ibi bikorwa mbere yuko ubona ibimenyetso (nk'ikibyimba cyangwa ububabare) kugira ngo hamenyekane ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'ibere bya mbere. Tekereza nko kujyana imodoka yawe gusuzumwa mbere yuko ikintu cyose kigenda nabi. Intego ni ukumenya ibibazo vuba bishoboka.
2. Gupima Mammogram: Niba wagaragaje ibimenyetso bishya—nk'ikibyimba, ububabare, kuva amaraso mu mabere, cyangwa impinduka z'uruhu—iki kizamini gikoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ikibitera.
Wibuke ko nyuma ya kanseri y'uruhu , kanseri y'ibere ni imwe muri kanseri zikunze kugaragara mu bagore. Ariko, inkuru nziza ni uko iyo kanseri y'ibere igaragaye hakiri kare, igipimo cyo kubaho imyaka 5 kiba kiri hejuru ya 99% . Niyo mpamvu iki kizamini cya mammogram ari kimwe mu bikoresho bikomeye dufite mu kurwanya kanseri y'ibere.
Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mammogram?
Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi:
- Mammogramu ya 2D Digital: Muri ubu buryo gakondo, amashusho y'ibere ryawe afatwa mu mpande ebyiri (kuva hejuru kugeza hasi no ku ruhande rumwe kugera ku rundi).
- Mammogramu ya 3D Digital (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis): Ubu ni uburyo bugezweho kurushaho. Aha, ibere rishyirwamo agati rimwe, maze imashini ikagenda mu buryo burambuye kugira ngo ifate amashusho menshi ya X-ray. Noneho mudasobwa ibihuza mu ishusho ya 3D, nk'uko ureba uduce tw'ibere. Ibi bituma muganga abona imiterere y'imbere y'ibere neza cyane kandi mu buryo bwimbitse.
Ese mammogram ishobora kwemeza kanseri 100%?
Aha niho abantu benshi bahurira n'urujijo. Oya, mammogram ntishobora kwemeza neza ko urwaye kanseri.
Tekereza nk'umupolisi uhagaritse imodoka kugira ngo ayisuzume. Kuba yarahagaritswe ntabwo bivuze ko umushoferi yakoze ikintu kibi; bigomba gukorwaho iperereza neza. Isuzuma rya mammogram rikora kimwe. Rigaragaza gusa niba hari ahantu hakekwa hakeneye gusuzumwa neza .
Kugira ngo wemeze niba agace gakekwa ari kanseri, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima ibindi bipimo, nko gupima ibere hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound cyangwa gupima ibere hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Biopsy., aho hafatwa agace gato k'umubiri kugira ngo gasuzumwe. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kwemeza cyangwa kugenzura neza ko nta kanseri ihari.
Ni nde ugomba kwipimisha mammogram, kandi kangahe?
Muri rusange, amabwiriza mpuzamahanga avuga ko buri mugore agomba gutangira kwipimisha mammogram buri myaka ibiri kuva afite imyaka 40 kugeza ku myaka 75.
Ariko, iri si itegeko rikwiye abantu bose. Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gutangira mbere y'imyaka 40 cyangwa kuyinywa kenshi (urugero, buri mwaka).
Ni nde ushobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere?
Niba hari kimwe muri ibi bikurikira kikureba, ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ushyireho gahunda yo kwipimisha mammogram ikubereye:
- Ufite amateka ya kanseri y'ibere mbere .
- Ufite amateka akomeye mu muryango wawe (mama, mushiki wawe, umukobwa wawe) ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa iy'intanga ngore .
- Byagaragaye ko ufite impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo za BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2 , ibyo bikaba byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.
- Ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe z’ibere zitari kanseri, nka atypical ductal hyperplasia , zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara mu gihe kizaza.
- Ufite amabere manini (ibi bizavugwa muri raporo yawe ya mammogram).
Mu bihe bike cyane, abagabo bafite amateka y’umuryango wabo ashobora kuba afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y’inkondo y’umura bashobora no gukenera gukorerwa isuzuma rya mammogram.
Witegura ute kwipimisha mammogram?
Hari imyiteguro yoroshye ugomba gukora mbere no ku munsi wo kwipimisha. Reka tubisobanureho.
| Uburyo bwo Kwitegura | Ibisobanuro birambuye |
|---|---|
| Gutegura gahunda yawe | Gerageza kwirinda guteganya ikizamini cyawe mu cyumweru cya mbere cyangwa mu gihe cy'imihango yawe. Amabere yawe ashobora kuba yoroshye muri iki gihe, ibyo bikaba byatuma ikizamini kidakora neza. Igihe cyiza ni nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe imihango yawe irangiye. |
| Amatangazo y'ingenzi | Nyamuneka menyesha abakozi bacu igihe ugiye gusaba ko umwana atwite, ugerageza gutwita, cyangwa wonsa. Nanone, menya neza ko wavuze niba ufite inshinge zo gutera amabere cyangwa wahawe urukingo ruherutse. |
| Ku munsi w'ikizamini | Ntugashyire deodorant, parfum, lotion, cyangwa ifu y'umubiri mu kwaha kwawe cyangwa mu gituza. Ibi bicuruzwa birimo uduce dushobora kugaragara nk'utudomo ku mashusho ya X-ray kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kuri kw'ibyo wavuze. |
| Imyenda | Kubera ko uzakenera kwiyambura imyenda uhereye mu rukenyerero ugana hejuru, kwambara imyenda y'ibice bibiri (nk'ishati iriho ipantaro cyangwa ijipo) biroroshye kuruta kwambara ikanzu. |
Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo gupimwa mammogram?
Uburyo bworoshye kandi ubusanzwe butwara iminota 15-20 gusa.
1. Uzasabwa gukuramo imitako n'imyenda uhereye mu rukenyerero ugana hejuru, kandi uzahabwa ikanzu ifunguye imbere.
2. Umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga azakwereka icyuma gipima mammogram kandi agufashe mu gushyira imiterere y'umubiri wawe.
3. Ibere ryawe rizashyirwa ku rubuga rwihariye.
4. Agapira ka pulasitiki kazakanda ibere ryawe buhoro buhoro. Uku gukanda ni ingenzi , kuko gukwirakwiza ingirangingo kugira ngo habeho amashusho meza kandi asobanutse neza kandi bigabanye urugero rw'imirasire ikenewe.
5. Ishusho ya X-ray ifatwa mu gihe ibere ryawe rimaze igihe gito rikandamizwa mu masegonda make.
6. Hanyuma igikorwa gisubirwamo ku rundi ruhande.
7. Umaze kurangiza, ushobora kwambara hanyuma ugahita ukomeza imirimo yawe isanzwe ya buri munsi.
Ikibazo rusange: Ese gupima mammogram birababaza?
Abantu benshi bahangayikishijwe n'ibi. Mu by'ukuri, biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Bamwe bashobora kumva batameze neza cyangwa bafite igitutu , mu gihe abandi bashobora kubabara gato.
Ariko, ububabare bumara amasegonda make gusa. Iyo ishusho imaze gufatwa, igitutu kirarekurwa. Niba ububabare bumeze nk'aho budashobora kwihanganira, nyamuneka vuga kandi ubibwire umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga ako kanya.
Ubunararibonye bwawe bushobora guterwa n'ibintu nk'ibi:
- Ingano n'ubucucike bw'ibere ryawe.
- Igihe cy'ukwezi kwawe.
- Ubunararibonye n'ubuhanga by'umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga.
- Ubushobozi bwawe bwo kuruhuka no kugumana umwanya ukenewe.
Gusobanukirwa Raporo Yawe
Ibisubizo byawe bya mammogram ubusanzwe bizaboneka mu minsi mike. Ibisubizo bishyirwa mu byiciro hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe buzwi nka B-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) .
| Amanota ya BI-RADS | Igisobanuro cyoroshye |
|---|---|
| 0 | Amakuru atuzuye. Hakenewe andi mashusho (urugero, Ultrasound). |
| 1 | Nta kibazo cyagaragaye . Komeza usuzume buri gihe. |
| 2 | Ni byiza. Ibyavumbuwe ntabwo ari kanseri. |
| 3 | Birashoboka ko ari byiza, ariko ikizamini gikurikiraho mu mezi 6 ni cyo gisabwa. |
| 4 | Birateye amakenga. Hari amahirwe make yo kurwara kanseri. Ni ngombwa ko umuntu akorerwa biopsy. |
| 5 | Birakekwa cyane. Birashoboka cyane ko umuntu yarwara kanseri. Ni ngombwa ko hakorwa biopsy. |
| 6 | Bizwi ko ari kanseri yemewe na biopsy. |
Ntugatinye niba ubonye ibisubizo "bidasanzwe". Ntabwo bivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Bisobanura gusa ko hari icyavumbuwe gisaba iperereza ryimbitse. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira neza intambwe zikurikiraho.
Bite se niba mfite implants zo mu mabere?
Kugira implants zo mu mabere ntibikubuza kwipimisha mammogram. Ariko, ugomba kubitumenyesha igihe ugiye kubonana na muganga kandi ukabibwira umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga mbere yuko scan itangira.
Kubera ko implants zo mu ibere rimwe na rimwe zishobora guhisha ingirangingo ziri munsi y’umubiri, tuzafata izindi ngero zihariye zizwi nka implant displacement (ID) views zirenze amashusho asanzwe. Muri iki gikorwa, implants zisubizwa inyuma buhoro buhoro kugira ngo zizane ingirangingo karemano y’ibere imbere kugira ngo haboneke ishusho isobanutse neza. Nta mpamvu yo kumva uhangayikishijwe n’iyi ntambwe y’inyongera.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byagufasha mu buzima bwawe
- Gupima kanseri y'ibere (mammogram) ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma kanseri y'ibere hakiri kare. Ntimugatinye iyo nzira.
- Nubwo ushobora kugira ububabare bworoheje kandi bwihuse, ubu buryo butwara iminota mike gusa kandi ni ishoramari rizigama ubuzima bwawe mu gihe kirekire.
- Niba ufite imyaka 40 cyangwa irenga, ganira na muganga wawe ku miti isanzwe ya mammogram. Niba ufite ibintu byihariye bishobora gutera ibyago, ushobora gutangira kwisuzumisha vuba.
- Niba ubonye ibisubizo "bidasanzwe", gerageza kudatinya. Ibi ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri; bivuze gusa ko hakenewe iperereza ryinshi cyangwa amashusho.
- Mu gihe ubonye impinduka, ibibyimba, cyangwa ububabare buhoraho mu mabere yawe, ntutegereze ko isuzuma rya mammogram rikurikira rikorwa—hamagara umuganga wawe vuba.
Mammogram, Mammogram, Kanseri y'ibere, Kanseri y'ibere, X-ray, Ubuzima bw'abagore, ubuzima bw'abagore, Gupima kanseri, gupima, Nirogi Lanka
