Ese nawe urashaka kumenya neza icyo Mast Cells ari cyo? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye!

Ushobora kuba utari warigeze wumva izina 'Mast Cells' mbere, sibyo? Ariko izi ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi cyane bw'uturemangingo turinda umubiri wacu. Nk'abarinzi bato mu mibiri yacu. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe iyo aba barinzi bashishikaye cyane, tugira ibibazo. Uyu munsi, reka tuvugane mu buryo burambuye, mu buryo bworoshye, ku byerekeye izi mast cells, uko zikora mu mibiri yacu, n'indwara zishobora gutera.

Uturemangingo twa Mast ni iki?

Muri make, uturemangingo twa mast ni abasirikare badasanzwe mu buvuzi bwacu. Tuba mu igufwa ryacu. Hanyuma tunyura mu maraso yacu tugatura mu ngingo zitandukanye z'umubiri. Kimwe n'abarinzi bashyizwe mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu, utwo turemangingo twa mast dushyirwa mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wacu, twiteguye kuturinda ibyago byo hanze. Turashobora kurwanya indwara zitandukanye no gufasha kugenzura imikorere y'ingingo z'umubiri wacu.

Ariko, hari igihe izi selile za mast ziba zirinda cyane zigatangira kugira ingaruka ku bintu bitagize ingaruka kuri twe. Niba ufite allergie z'ibihe cyangwa asima ifite allergie, imwe mu mpamvu zibitera ni ukubera imikorere y'uturemangingo twa mast. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, gukora kwa selile za mast bishobora no gutera allergie itunguranye kandi ikomeye yitwa anaphylaxis . Rero ni ngombwa kubimenya.

Ni iki uturemangingo twa mast cells dukora ku mibiri yacu?

Uturemangingo tw’imbere dukora nk’uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara z’umubiri wacu. Turinda imibiri yacu abatwibasira inyuma, nk’udukoko twanduza indwara nka virusi, bagiteri n’udukoko , ndetse n’uburozi nk’uburozi bw’inzoka n’uburozi bw’inzuki. Nanone turwanya ikintu cyose twibwira ko cyangiza, nubwo cyaba atari cyo. Ni bwo tugira ingaruka ku barwayi .

Bitandukanye n’ubundi bwoko bwinshi bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera, uturemangingo twa mast ntabwo twangiza indwara mu buryo butaziguye. Ahubwo tuba turi maso mu ngingo zacu, dutegereje ikimenyetso cy’uko hari ikintu kibi cyinjiye mu mubiri.

Uturemangingo twa mast dukora gute?

Tekereza ko ikintu udakunda, urugero nk'agace k'umukungugu, impongo, cyangwa ibiryo ufite ubwivumbure, byinjiye mu mubiri wawe. Urundi bwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo mu budahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri, twitwa B cells, tumenya uyu murwanyi. Iyo bamaze kubimenya, batangira gukora poroteyine zidasanzwe, zitwa antibodies, zo kurwanya. Antibodies zihariye zikorwa muri iki gihe zitwa Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Kuvuga.

Izi antibodies za IgE zigenda vuba zikagera ku ngirabuzimafatizo runaka ku buso bw'uturemangingo twa mast, nk'urushyi rw'injangwe. Ubutaha ubwo uwo murwanyi (urugero: impongo, umukungugu) yongeye kwinjira mu mubiri, IgE iri ku turemangingo twa mast izayifata.

Icyo gihe ni bwo uturemangingo tw’insinga tuba "tugikora." Ni nk'aho inzogera y'umuriro ivuzwa.

Iyo uturemangingo twa mast tugize muri ubu buryo, duhita dusohora ikintu cyitwa histamine n'ibindi bintu byinshi bibikwa mu dusakoshi duto (udusate two kubika) turi muri utwo turemangingo. Ibi byitwa degranulation .

Ni izi histamine n'ibindi binyabutabire bitera ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure. Muri byo harimo:

• Imitsi yacu y'amaraso irakura, maze amazi akirunda mu ngingo zikikije, bigatera kubyimba . Ibi bituma uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri twihutira kugera aho twanduriye, tugatwara abatwikiriye mu tunyangingo tw’amaraso kugira ngo tubice.
• Umusaruro w'ibinure (phlegm) uriyongera.
• Imitsi yoroshye mu nzira yacu y'ubuhumekero n'iy'igifu (amara) irafungana ikagerageza kwirukana ibintu byangiza mu buryo bumeze nk'umuraba (peristalsis).

Ibi bintu bishobora gutuma uruhu rwawe rutukura, rubyimba, kandi rukarya. Ushobora kugira izuru riva, kwitsamura, cyangwa gukorora. Hari igihe ushobora no kugira impiswi cyangwa kuruka. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, iyi nzira ishobora gutuma inzira z'ubuhumekero zibyimba, bigatuma guhumeka bigorana, ndetse bigatera kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso, bishobora no gutera anaphylaxis ikomeye, indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Uturemangingo twa Mast na Homeostasis

Uretse gutera allergie, uturemangingo twa mast tufasha kuringaniza imikorere itandukanye mu mubiri wacu, ni ukuvuga kugumana imiterere ya 'homeostasis' . Dore ingero nke:

• Ukwiyongera kw'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Gukura kw'amagufwa.
• Gukura no gusana uturemangingo tw’ubuhumekero.

Uturemangingo tw’umusemburo tuba turi he mu mubiri wacu?

Ugereranyije n'ubundi bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, uturemangingo tw'umuhondo tuba duke cyane mu maraso yacu. Akenshi, duhura n'ikintu cyangiza iyo tugihumeka, tugiriye, cyangwa tugikoresheje igikomere cy'uruhu. Niyo mpamvu uturemangingo tw'umuhondo dukunze kuboneka muri:

• Mu nzira zacu z'ubuhumekero no mu bihaha .
• Uduce tw’igogora (inzira ya GI) (igifu, amara).

Byongeye kandi, izi selile za mast ziba zikikije imiyoboro y'amaraso n'imitsi yacu.

Ni ibihe bice by'akaremangingo k'umusatsi?

Iyo ufashe akaremangingo ka mast, gafite nucleus hagati, ari na yo "bwonko" bw'akaremangingo. Hafi y'aka gakoresho hari amagana y'uturemangingo duto tumeze nk'udusakoshi twitwa granules .Muri izi ngano niho habikwa ubutumwa butandukanye bw’imiti (impinduramatwara) . Ubwo butumwa ni bwo bwohereza ibimenyetso ku mubiri kugira ngo ugire icyo ukora iyo hari ikintu kibi kiwugizeho ingaruka. Zimwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi muri izi miti ni izi:

• Histamine: Twavuze kuri ibi mbere. Yagura imiyoboro y'amaraso, bigatuma amazi n'uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri byinjira mu ngingo. Inagabanya inzira z'ubuhumekero n'inzira y'igifu, bigatuma habaho ururenda rufasha mu kwirukana udukoko.
• Protease: (Urugero: tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A). Protease ni ubwoko bwa enzyme isenya poroteyine. Ifasha gusenya ingirabuzimafatizo, bigatuma uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri tugera muri ako gace byoroshye.
• Cytokines/chemokines: Izi ni poroteyine nto zitanga ubutumwa ku zindi selile z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kugira ngo zikore kopi nyinshi zazo, kugira ngo imiyoboro y’amaraso "ifate" kugira ngo selile z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zijye mu turemangingo, kandi zigakoresha selile kugira ngo zisukure kandi zisane aho zangiritse.
• Heparin: Ibi bibuza amaraso kuzura, bityo bifasha imiyoboro y'amaraso kuguma ifunguye.

Receptors za mast cell

Uturemangingo tw’amatwi dufite uduce twinshi dutandukanye tw’amatwi ku buso bwatwo. Izi ni poroteyine zifite ishusho yihariye. Nk’uko urufunguzo rushyira ingufuri, izi poroteyine zikorana n’izindi poroteyine zitanga amakuru kugira ngo zikore neza uturemangingo tw’amatwi.

Muri izi, receptor ya IgE, twavuze mbere, ni yo izwi cyane. Byongeye kandi, uturemangingo twa mast dufite receptor zikoresha ubundi bwoko bw'abasirikari b'umubiri (urugero: Immunoglobulin G / IgG) ndetse no kumenya neza indwara zitera indwara (urugero: Toll-like receptors).

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane ziterwa n'uturemangingo twa mast?

Zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara zijyanye n'uturemangingo twa mast ni izi:

• Allergie zo mu bidukikije (urugero: ivumbi, impongo, dander y'amatungo)
• Asima
• Allergie ku biribwa
• Ibisebe bishyushye / Uduheri

Indwara zidasanzwe z'uturemangingo tw'inyongera

Byongeye kandi, hari indwara nyinshi zidasanzwe zifitanye isano n'uturemangingo twa mast:

• Indwara yo gukora uturemangingo twa mast cell (MCAS): Iyi ni indwara aho, nta mpamvu igaragara, ibimenyetso bya allergie cyangwa anaphylaxis bigaruka kenshi.
• Hari igihe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'umubiri wiyongera cyane (Mastocytosis).
• Indwara ya alpha-tryptasemia / hypertryptasemia yo mu muryango:Iyi ni indwara y’uturemangingo ibaho iyo umubiri ufite urugero rwinshi rwa enzyme yitwa tryptase, ikorwa n’uturemangingo twa mast. Nyamara, abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara y’uturemangingo ntibagaragaza ibimenyetso.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'indwara y'uturemangingo tw'inkari?

Histamine isohoka mu ndwara ya mast cell ishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Guhinduka kw'uruhu, gutukura, cyangwa uburyaryate.
• Kubyimba (edema) .
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Indwara yo kubura umwuka isubira.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane izi ndwara?

Niba umuganga akeka ko ufite ikibazo cy’uturemangingo twa mast, ashobora gukora ibizamini nk'ibi kugira ngo arebe niba uturemangingo twa mast twakora:

• Ibipimo by'inkari.
• Gupima amaraso.
• Ibizamini by'umusemburo w'amagufwa.
• Ibizamini by'uruhu.

Muganga ashobora gupima uruhu rw'umuntu ufite allergie cyangwa agapima amaraso kugira ngo amenye impamvu zitera allergie. Hari igihe laboratwari ishobora no gupima imiterere y'umubiri kugira ngo irebe niba ibimenyetso byawe biterwa n'uburwayi bw'umurage.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya mast cell buterwa n'ibimenyetso byawe n'icyabiteye. Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo:

• Kwirinda ibintu bizwi nk'ibitera allergie .
• Imiti yo kugenzura ibimenyetso. Iyi ishobora kuba irimo imiti igabanya aside , imiti igabanya aside, n'imiti ihindura leukotriene (urugero: montelukast).
• Ibitera imbaraga mu guhagarara kw'uturemangingo tw'imbere. Iyi miti ibuza irekurwa ry'imiti nka histamine iva mu turemangingo tw'imbere.
• Imiti igabanya cyangwa ivura indwara ya anaphylaxis. Iyi miti irimo nka epinephrine na omalizumab .
• Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa kanseri . Ku ndwara zikomeye za mastocytosis, hari igihe hakoreshwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa kanseri ikoreshwa mu kwica uturemangingo twa kanseri.

None se, uturemangingo tw’umusemburo ni twiza cyangwa ni tubi?

Abantu benshi bumva gusa iby’uturemangingo twa mast iyo hari ikintu kitagenda neza kuri two, bityo ushobora gutekereza ko uturemangingo twa mast ari ikintu kibi. Ariko mu by’ukuri, tufasha kurinda imibiri yacu abadutera ingaruka mbi kandi tukagenzura ingingo zacu. Rero, akenshi, ni byiza.

Tekereza, inzogera ziranguruye. Itsinda ry'umutekano rigeze aho hantu. Uturemangingo twawe tw’inzobere mu by'umubiri turavuza induru, kandi ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe burahita bwiruka kugira ngo bukize umunsi. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburinzi bw'umubiri wacu. Ariko akenshi twita cyane ku turemangingo twa nzero iyo dushishikajwe n'akazi kacu. Ariko kandi dukomeza ubwirinzi bwacu kandi tugafasha mu kugenga imiyoboro y'amaraso n'ingingo zacu. Rero, ubutaha uzatsamura, ukagira izuru riva, cyangwa ukumva usharira gato, ntukibagirwe gushimira uturemangingo twa nzero ku kuba turi maso!

Ibintu byo kwibuka muri make

Rero, ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka muri ibi byose ni uko uturemangingo twa mast ari utuntu duto tw’ingenzi mu buvuzi bwacu bw’umubiri. Tuturinda indwara zitandukanye n’uburozi buturuka hanze. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe iyo tugize ubukana bukabije, dushobora kugira ingaruka ku bintu mu by’ukuri bitagira ingaruka mbi, bikadutera indwara nka allergie.

Niba ukunze kugira ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure, nko kurwara uruhu, kurwara ibicurane, kuzurura amazuru, kwitsamura, cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye, ikintu cyiza ni ukujya kwa muganga ukagisha inama utirengagije. Ntugahangayike, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura indwara nyinshi muri izi.

Uturemangingo tw’umubiri , ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, ubwivumbure, histamine, anaphylaxis, imikorere y’uturemangingo, ibimenyetso