Ese umwana wawe afite ADHD? Dore uko wamufasha ku ishuri! (ADHD n'Ishuri)

Ese umwana wawe ntabwo yita ku masomo y'ishuri? Ese asa n'aho afite ikibazo cyo kuguma ahantu hamwe? Wenda ahora ahinda umushyitsi? Niba ari uko bimeze, iyi ishobora kuba indwara yitwa ADHD. Ntugatinye iyo ubyumvise, kuko icy'ingenzi ni ukubimenya. Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gufasha umwana nk'uyu ku ishuri. Ese tubiganireho?

Ni gute ADHD igira ingaruka ku mwana ku ishuri?

Umwana urwaye ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ) ashobora kugorwa no kwita ku ishuri, kwita ku bandi no gukora cyane. Ushobora kuba warabonye ko aba bana bahora bahindagurika, bahora bavuga cyane, bavuga cyane, cyangwa se bakabangamira akazi k'abandi mu ishuri.

Tekereza, iyo umwarimu yigisha isomo mu ishuri, bishobora kugora umwana ufite ADHD gukomeza kwibanda ku byo avuga. Ubwenge bwe burimo kwihuta cyane, wenda ashaka kureba mu idirishya, cyangwa ashaka kureba ibyo umwana uri iruhande rwe akora. Cyangwa se ntibashobora kwicara ngo baceceke, bavuza utuntu duto bakoresheje amaboko n'ibirenge. Ibi si ibintu bakora nkana, ni kimwe mu bigize iyo ndwara. Kubwibyo, gucyaha umwana ntacyo bizamufasha.

Byongeye kandi, bamwe mu bana bafite ADHD bashobora kugorwa n'izindi ndwara zitwa ubumuga bwo kwiga, zishobora gutuma akazi ko ku ishuri karushaho kugorana. Urugero, bashobora kugira ibibazo byihariye mu gusoma, kwandika, cyangwa imibare.

Ni gute abarimu bamenya ibimenyetso bya ADHD?

Akenshi, abana bafite ADHD batangira ishuri bataramenya neza iyo ndwara. Ababyeyi bashobora gutekereza ko umwana wabo ari mubi cyangwa ari umunebwe gato. Rero, mu bihe nk'ibi , abarimu ni bo ba mbere babona ibimenyetso bya ADHD ku mwana wabo. Ni bo bamarana igihe kinini n'umwana wabo.

Bashobora kuganira n'ababyeyi b'umwana kuri ibi. Bashobora kuvuga bati: "Umwana wawe/umukobwa wawe arimo kwitwara mu buryo butandukanye gato mu ishuri, asa n'aho atabyitayeho cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe abangamira abandi bana." Iyo umwarimu avuze ikintu nk'iki, nturakazwe, ahubwo tega amatwi witonze. Ababyeyi bashobora kohereza umwana kwa muganga wujuje ibisabwa, wenda umuganga w'abana cyangwa umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe w'abana n'ingimbi, kugira ngo barebe neza ko koko ari ADHD, kandi niba ari uko bimeze, imiterere yayo.

Ni gute abarimu bashobora gufasha umwana ufite ADHD?

Iyo umuganga amaze kwemeza ko umwana wawe afite ADHD, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenyesha abarimu bose bigisha umwana wawe. Ibi ntukabibwire umwarimu w'ishuri gusa, ahubwo ukabibwire n'abarimu bigisha andi masomo. Ibi bizamufasha gusobanukirwa ibyo umwana wawe akeneye, bimufasha kubijyanye n'ibyo akeneye, kandi bimuha ubwitonzi bwihariye mu ishuri.

Gahunda z'uburezi bwihariye (IEP na gahunda ya 504) ni izihe?

Abarimu bashobora kugufasha kumenya niba umwana wawe akeneye gahunda ya IEP (Individualized Education Program), cyangwa gahunda ya 504 .

Nubwo ubu buryo buboneka mu burezi bw’Abanyamerika, muri Sri Lanka hariho uburyo butandukanye ku rwego rw’ishuri bwo gufasha abana bafite ibibazo byihariye. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ukumenya ubufasha bwihariye umwana akeneye, kubivuganaho n’ishuri, no kubuhuza n’umwana.

Mu magambo make:

• IEP (Gahunda y'Uburezi bw'Umuntu ku Giti cye): Iyi ni gahunda yanditse yagenewe umwana wawe. Itanga serivisi z'uburezi bwihariye na serivisi zijyanye na zo (nk'ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga) zigenewe umwana wawe. Umwarimu w'umwana wawe ashobora gutanga inama yo gusuzuma niba umwana wawe yakungukirwa na IEP.
• Gahunda ya 504: Iyi gahunda itanga kandi serivisi n'impinduka mu bijyanye n'aho umuntu yigira kugira ngo ihuze n'ibyo umwana akeneye. Urugero, ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo guha umwana umwanya uhagije wo kwandika ikizamini, cyangwa kumushyira mu cyumba cy'ishuri kitarimo ibintu byinshi bihungabanya, cyangwa kumuha umwanya w'inyongera ku mirimo ye.

Muri Sri Lanka, hari gahunda zitandukanye na serivisi z'ubujyanama ku rwego rw'ishuri no ku rwego rwa Minisiteri y'Uburezi kugira ngo bafashe bene abo bana. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukuganira kuri ibi mu buryo bweruye n'umwarimu w'umwana wawe n'umuyobozi w'ikigo.

Akamaro ko gukomeza kuvugana n'abarimu buri gihe

Abarimu bashobora kukuganiriza ku iterambere ry'umwana wawe. Baza umwarimu buri gihe uko umwana wawe yifashe mu ishuri, icyo akora neza, n'icyo ahanganye nacyo. Hari igihe gukoresha igitabo cy'itumanaho, wowe n'umwarimu mushobora gusangira inyandiko zivuga ku iterambere ry'umwana wawe, ni uburyo bwiza bwo gusangira inyandiko.

Tekereza, umwana wawe aramutse yitaye cyane ku isomo ryo mu ishuri uyu munsi, umwarimu ashobora kubyandika muri icyo gitabo. Hanyuma ushobora gushima umwana wawe mu rugo, umubwira uti 'Uyu munsi umwarimu yavuze ko wize neza, ndishimye cyane, mwana wanjye/umukobwa wanjye.' Nanone, niba ubonye ikintu umwana wawe agorana gukora mu rugo, cyangwa niba ubonye impinduka mu myitwarire y'umwana wawe, ushobora no kubimenyesha umwarimu. Uku guhanahana amakuru mu buryo bubiri ni ingirakamaro cyane.

Reka tumenye kandi dufashe ibyo umwana akeneye byihariye.

Abarimu bashobora kwibanda ku byo umwana wawe akeneye byihariye. Kuko abana bose bafite ADHD atari bamwe. Ibibazo bya buri wese biratandukanye.

• Abana bamwe bakeneye ubufasha bwo kwita ku bintu no gucunga ibibarangaza.
• Abandi bakeneye ubufasha mu kugira gahunda - ibintu nk'ibitabo, ameza, no kugezwa ku gihe.
• Abana bamwe batinya gutangira igikorwa, cyangwa bakagorwa no kurangiza igikorwa batangiye.
• Bamwe mu bana bafite ADHD nabo bagira ingorane zo kwicara bataje cyangwa gukora bucece.

Baza mwarimu uti 'Ni gute ADHD y'umwana wanjye imugiraho ingaruka mu ishuri? Ni iki nakora mu rugo kugira ngo nyifashe mu masomo ye y'ishuri?' Iki kiganiro gifunguye ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gushyigikira umwana wawe.

Icyo abarimu bashobora gukora kugira ngo bafashe abana babo gutsinda

Bitewe n'ibyo umwana akeneye, umwarimu ashobora gukora ibintu byinshi mu ishuri. Bimwe muri ibyo harimo:

• Shyira umwana wawe ahantu hadakunze kumurangaza: Urugero, shyira umwana wawe ahantu hadakunze kumurangaza, nko hafi y'idirishya cyangwa umuryango, imbere y'ishuri, hafi y'umwarimu, kandi kure y'idirishya. Ibi bizafasha umwana wawe kudahangayika n'ibirimo kubera ibibera hanze n'ibyo abandi bakora.
• Gutanga amabwiriza asobanutse kandi asobanutse: Abana bafite ADHD bashobora kumva byoroshye amabwiriza magufi, asobanutse, intambwe ku yindi, nka 'banza ukore ibi, hanyuma ukore ibi,' aho kuba ibisobanuro birebire.
• Komeza gahunda n'amategeko byoroshye byo mu ishuri: Biroroshye ko abana bagira gahunda isobanutse kandi ihoraho buri munsi. Ibintu nka, 'Iyo uje mu ishuri, shyira isakoshi yawe hano, shyira ibitabo byawe hano gutya.' Hanyuma bakamenya ibizakurikiraho.
• Gira umwana wawe ubushyuhe, umutere inkunga kandi umugirire icyizere: Buri gihe shima umwana wawe ku bw'imbaraga ze, nubwo zaba ari ntoya. Kuvuga amagambo nka "Wakoze cyane uyu munsi, ni byiza cyane," cyangwa "Ni byiza ko wagerageje gusubiza," bizamutera inkunga. Gutera inkunga ni ingirakamaro kuruta guhana.
• Imiterere: Ibintu nko gufasha umwana wawe gutunganya ibitabo bye n'ameza ye, kumufasha gukora urutonde rw'ibyo agomba gukora, no kumenyera gukoresha kalendari.
• Bayobore gukora buhoro buhoro kandi badahuta: Abana bafite ADHD bakunze kwihutira gukora kandi bagakora amakosa. Ni ngombwa kubibutsa uti 'Ntimugahangayike, fata umwanya wawe, kandi usome ikibazo witonze.'
• Gutanga inama zo kugukomeza: Niba urangaye mu gihe urimo utanga isomo, banza wibutse umwana wawe uti "Twari gukora iki ubu ngubu, mwana wanjye?" cyangwa umukubite ku rutugu kugira ngo agutere inkunga.
• Gutanga akaruhuko gato ko kugendagenda mu ishuri: Kubera ko bigora abanyeshuri kuguma ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire, kubaha akazi gato (urugero: kuzana ivumbi, kuzana igitabo, kuzana ikintu ku meza y'umwarimu) no kubaha amahirwe yo kugendagenda bibaha amahirwe yo kugendagenda gato no kurekura imbaraga zabo.
• Gutanga umwanya w'inyongera wo kurangiza akazi: Abana bamwe bashobora gufata igihe kirekire kurusha abandi kugira ngo barangize akazi. Kubareka bakabikora ni ingenzi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ibizamini.
• Kwigisha abana gusubiramo akazi kabo no kumenya amakosa batitayeho:Kwigisha ibintu nk'ibi, 'Ongera urebe igisubizo wanditse, urebe niba hari ikosa rito ahantu runaka, niba umubare wimuwe, niba hari inyuguti yabuze?'

Ni gute ufasha abana bakuru (nk'urwego rwa A, urw'urwego rwa O)?

Ku bana bakuze gato, ni ukuvuga abana bafite ADHD mu masomo nka O/L na A/L, abarimu bashobora no gukora ibintu nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Ubumenyi bwo kwigisha: Urugero, kwigisha uburyo butandukanye bwo kwandika inyandiko, uburyo bwo gukora ikarita y'ibitekerezo, uburyo bwo gusoma mu ijwi riranguruye, n'uburyo bwo kwitegura ibizamini no gucunga igihe.
• Gabanya imishinga minini n'imirimo myinshi mu bice bito kandi byoroshye kuyitunganya: Iyo abana bahuye n'igikorwa gikomeye icyarimwe, bashobora kumva baremerewe ndetse bakanatinya gutangira. Biroroshye kugigabanyamo ibice bito, ukababwira uti: "Banza urangize iki gice muri iki cyumweru, hanyuma ukurikize iki." Tekereza ku mushinga munini, ugicemo ibice nko "gushaka amakuru," "gutegura," "kwandika umushinga," no "kuwurangiza," hanyuma uha buri gice igihe ntarengwa cyihariye.

Imbaraga z'imyitwarire myiza y'umwarimu

Icy'ingenzi kurusha ibi byose ni imyitwarire y'umwarimu. Abarimu bashobora kugaragaza ibyiza mu mwana wawe. Iyo abarimu babonye ibyiza mu banyeshuri babo, abanyeshuri batangira kubona ibyiza muri bo. Abarimu bashobora guha abana ubutumwa bw'uko 'buri mwana wese, yaba afite ADHD cyangwa atayifite, ashobora gukura, kwiga no gutsinda.' Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku kwihesha agaciro no gushishikarira umwana. Iyo umwarimu avuze ati 'Urashobora kubikora,' 'Uri mwiza,' 'Nugerageza, ntabwo bidashoboka,' umwana azagerageza kubikora. Umwarimu ubona imbaraga z'umwana aho kubona intege nke ni we mutungo ukomeye umwana ufite ADHD ashobora kugira.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Niba umwana wawe afite ADHD, ntugatinye. Si iherezo ry'isi. Si ikosa ry'umwana, kandi si ikosa ryawe. Icy'ingenzi ni ukumwumvisha umwana no kumuha inkunga, urukundo, n'ubuyobozi akeneye.

• Ubwa mbere, banza umenye neza niba ufite ADHD uvuye kwa muganga w’inzobere. Irinde kwisuzuma ubwawe.
• Ganira ibi ku mugaragaro kandi mu kuri n'abarimu b'umwana wawe. Ni bo bantu b'ingenzi cyane bafasha umwana wawe ku ishuri. Huza ubufatanye bwiza.
• Menya imbaraga z'umwana wawe kandi umutere inkunga. Buri mwana wese afite ubuhanga mu kintu runaka. Shaka ibyo kandi umufashe kubiteza imbere.
• Mu rugo, mwigisha umwana wawe gukora mu buryo buri ku murongo, gukurikiza gahunda ye ihoraho, kandi witoze kwitonda. Ni byiza kandi kumumenyereza imirimo mito yo mu rugo.
• Gukorana n'abarimu kugira ngo bategure uburyo bwo kwiga no gutanga ubufasha bukwiye umwana mu ishuri.
• Gira kwihangana no gukunda umwana wawe. Hari iminsi igorana, ariko inkunga yawe izaba imbaraga ikomeye ku mwana wawe. Shima umwana wawe imbaraga ze.
• Niba bibaye ngombwa, tekereza ku bintu nk'ubujyanama cyangwa ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire.

ADHD si ikintu kibuza umwana ubushobozi bwe. Dushobora kuyicunga, tukabyaza umusaruro ubushobozi bwe bwihariye, kandi tugafasha umwana kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. Ntabwo uri wenyine muri uru rugendo, kandi hari abaganga benshi, abarimu, n'abajyanama bashobora kugufasha no kukuyobora muri uru rugendo.

` ADHD, ishuri, uburezi, abarimu, abana, kwita ku bandi, gukora cyane, kwiga