Ese hari ikibyimba mu mubiri? Ese cyangiza amagufwa yawe? Ese byaba ari sarcoma? Reka tubimenye!

Ese wabonye ikibyimba gishya ku mubiri wawe kitakubabaza, ariko giteye ubwoba gato? Cyangwa umaze igihe kinini ubabara mu maboko cyangwa amaguru nta mpamvu igaragara? Hari igihe tudashyira imbere ibi bintu cyane, ariko mu bihe bidasanzwe, ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ubwoko bwa kanseri yitwa 'Sarcoma' . Abantu benshi bagira impungenge iyo bumvise iri zina, kuko rikunze kugaragara. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri Sarcoma, icyo isobanura, uko ikura, ibimenyetso byayo, ndetse niba hari uburyo bwo kuyivura, mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Sarcoma ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, Sarcoma ni ikibyimba kibi, ni ukuvuga kanseri, ikura mu magufwa cyangwa mu ngingo zoroshye z'umubiri wacu. Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza icyo iyi ngingo yoroshye ikora. Ingirabuzimafatizo zoroshye ni ibintu bishyigikira izindi ngingo mu mubiri wacu. Urugero:

• Imitsi (inyama)
• Ibinure
• Imitsi (imitsi ihuza imitsi n'amagufwa)
• Cartilage (ingingo zoroshye ziboneka ahantu nk'ingingo)
• Imitsi (uturemangingo duhuza amagufwa)
• Imitsi y'amaraso (imitsi y'amaraso)
• Imitsi

Ubwoko bw'iyi kanseri yitwa sarcoma mu by'ukuri ni gake cyane. Iyo dufashe umubare wose wa kanseri zibaho ku bantu bakuru, sarcoma ni ntoya, hafi 1%. Ariko, hafi 15% bya kanseri zibaho ku bana zishobora kuba sarcoma. Mu gihugu nka Amerika, abantu bagera ku 16.000 bandura sarcoma buri mwaka baravugwa. Muri zo, abantu bagera ku 4.000 ni sarcoma zikura mu magufwa, naho abantu bagera ku 13.000 ni sarcoma zikura mu ngingo zoroshye.

Ni hehe sarcoma ikunze kugaragara cyane?

Tekereza gato, iyi sarcoma ishobora kugaragara ahantu hose ku mubiri wacu, kuva ku mutwe kugeza ku mano. Ariko hari ahantu hake ikunze kugaragara cyane:

• Hafi 40 ku ijana (40%) byabyo biba mu birenge byacu (amaguru, ku birenge, ku birenge).
• Hafi 15% (15%) bireba amaboko (amatugu, amaboko, amaboko, intoki).
• Abagera kuri 30 ku ijana (30%) bari mu bice nk'igituza, igituza, inda, n'ikibuno.
• Hafi cumi na gatanu ku ijana (15%) biba ku mutwe no mu ijosi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Sarcoma?

Sarcoma si ubwoko bumwe gusa. Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu kuvuga itsinda rinini rya kanseri zivuka mu magufwa no mu ngingo zoroshye. Mu by'ukuri, ubwoko burenga 70 bwa sarcoma bwaragaragaye. Biragoye cyane, si byo se? Reka turebe ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi.

1. Sarcoma y'amagufwa

Iyi ni kanseri itangirira mu magufwa (`primary bone sarcoma`). Abarenga kimwe cya gatatu cy'ubu bwoko bwa sarcoma basuzumwa mu bantu bari munsi y'imyaka 35. Ishobora no kugaragara no mu bana.

Amwe mu moko y'ingenzi ya sarcoma y'amagufwa ni:

• Osteosarcoma(Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane)
• Chondrosarcoma
• Chordoma
• Ewing's sarcoma
• Fibrosarcoma

Icy'ingenzi: Si kanseri zose zigaragara mu magufwa ziba ari kanseri y'amagufwa. Hari igihe uturemangingo twa kanseri twatangiriye ahandi mu mubiri (nk'ibihaha, ibere, cyangwa tiroyide) dushobora kunyura mu maraso tugakwirakwira mu magufwa. Iyi yitwa kanseri y'amagufwa ifata imirasire . Iyi itandukanye na kanseri y'amagufwa y'ibanze.

2. Sarcomas zoroshye z'imitsi

Ibi bitangirira mu mitsi yacu cyangwa izindi ngingo zihuza umubiri. Bitandukanye na sarcoma y'amagufwa, sarcoma yoroshye ikunze kugaragara mu bantu bakuru. Ariko, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe, nka rhabdomyosarcoma, bukunze kugaragara mu bana.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa sarcoma yoroshye y'uturemangingo:

• Angiosarcoma
• Ibibyimba by'uturemangingo duto twizengurutse bya Desmoplastic
• Ikibyimba cyo mu gifu (GIST)
• Leiomyosarcoma
• Liposarcoma
• Ikibyimba kibi cyo mu bwonko bw'imitsi yo mu gice cyo hasi
• Indwara mbi ya schwannoma
• Myxofibrosarcoma
• Synovial sarcoma
• Sarcoma ya pleomorphic idatandukanye

Reba ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara! Imiterere n'uburyo bwo kuvura bwa buri ndwara bishobora kuba bitandukanye gato.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara sarcoma?

Sarcoma ishobora kwibasira abana n'abantu bakuru. Sarcoma yoroshye ikunze kwibasira abantu bakuru. Sarcoma yo mu magufwa ikunze kwibasira abana, abakiri bato, n'abantu barengeje imyaka 65. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko Sarcoma yo mu magufwa ikunze kwibasira abagabo no ku bantu b'abirabura cyangwa abanya-Hisipaniya.

Kuki iyi sarcoma ikura? Ni iyihe mpamvu?

Iki ni cyo kibazo abantu benshi bafite. Sarcoma ivuka iyo habayeho impinduka mu makuru y’uturemangingo (DNA) tw’uturemangingo tw’amagufwa tudakuze cyangwa uturemangingo tworoshye mu mubiri wacu, maze utwo turemangingo tukaba uturemangingo twa kanseri. Hanyuma utwo turemangingo twa kanseri dutangira kwigabanyamo kabiri kandi mu buryo budasubirwaho. Amaherezo, utwo turemangingo duhura tugakora ikibyimba. Iki kibyimba gikura buhoro buhoro kandi gishobora kwangiza no kwinjira mu turemangingo tuzima tuyikikije.

Iyo ibi bidavuwe neza, uturemangingo twa kanseri dushobora gukwirakwira mu maraso cyangwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso.Kanseri ishobora kugera mu bice bya kure by'umubiri igatera ibibyimba bishya. Ibi byitwa metastasis , cyangwa ikwirakwira rya kanseri. Kuvura kanseri zakwirakwiriye muri ubu buryo biragoye cyane.

Kimwe n'ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri, abashakashatsi ntibarabona impamvu ifatika ituma ingirabuzimafatizo nzima ihinduka ingirabuzimafatizo ya sarcoma mu buryo butunguranye.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya sarcoma?

Nubwo nta mpamvu itaziguye ihari, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara sarcoma. Ibyo ni ibi bikurikira:

• Guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe: Guhura n'ibintu nka arsenic igihe kirekire, bimwe mu bintu bikoreshwa mu gukora pulasitiki (urugero: monomer ya vinyl chloride), imiti yica ibyatsi (urugero: aside phenoxyacetic), n'ibintu bibungabunga ibiti (urugero: chlorophenols).
• Imirasire: Guhura n'imirasire myinshi nk'uburyo bwo kuvura indi kanseri mbere.
• Lymphedema: Kubyimba amaboko cyangwa amaguru igihe kirekire.
• Zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n’uturemangingo: Hari zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n’uturemangingo n’impinduka za chromosomes zivukanwa. Urugero, harimo Gardner syndrome, Werner syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, Gorlin syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma, na neurofibromatosis type 1. Izi ni indwara zidasanzwe.

Kugira ibi bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya sarcoma ntibisobanura ko uzarwara indwara ya sarcoma. Ariko ni ngombwa kubimenya.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Sarcoma? Ubimenya ute?

Ibimenyetso bya sarcoma biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'aho kanseri iherereye. Urugero, zimwe muri sarcoma zishobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Izindi zishobora kumva nk'ikibyimba kidakomeretsa munsi y'uruhu. Ariko, ububabare butangira kubaho gusa iyo ikibyimba gikuze kandi kigakanda imitsi n'ingingo biri hafi aho.

Ku rundi ruhande, zimwe mu ndwara za sarcoma zishobora gutera ububabare burambye no kubyimba amagufwa y'ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru . Ubu bubabare bushobora kuba bukomeye cyane nijoro . Ibi bishobora gutuma bigorana kwimura ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru kwawe no gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ikibyimba gishya cyangwa kubyimba (ibi bishobora kuba bibabaza cyangwa bitababaza).
• Ububabare budasanzwe mu kuboko, ku kaguru, mu gifu, cyangwa mu kibuno.
• Kugorwa no kwimura ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru (urugero: gucumbagira, kugenda buhoro).
• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu.
• Kubabara umugongo (cyane cyane iyo kanseri iri mu mugongo).

Wibuke ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora no kugaragara no mu zindi ndwara nyinshi. Rero, ntugatinye gutekereza ko ari sarcoma kuko ufite ikimenyetso nk'iki. Ariko, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga ukagisha inama.

Ni gute wasuzuma neza sarcoma? (Isuzuma)

Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, muganga wawe azabanza kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe hanyuma agukorere isuzuma ry'umubiri. Hanyuma, bazakenera gukora ibizamini byihariye kugira ngo bemeze niba ufite sarcoma n'ubwoko bwayo. Ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane ni biopsy.

Gupima umubiri bikubiyemo gufata agace gato k'urugingo rwavuye muri iki kibyimba ukakohereza muri laboratwari. Aho ngaho, inzobere yitwa pathologist isuzuma urugingo akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo irebe niba rurimo uturemangingo twa kanseri, kandi niba ari byo, ubwoko bwa sarcoma. Aya makuru azagufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ibindi bizamini ni ibi bikurikira:

• X-ray: Ibi bishobora gufata amafoto y'amagufwa n'ingingo zoroshye.
• Isuzuma rya CT (Computed Tomography scan): Ibi bipima X-rays mu buryo butandukanye kandi bigatanga ishusho y'imbere mu mubiri.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ibi bikoresha rukuruzi nini, imiraba ya radiyo, na mudasobwa kugira ngo bigaragaze neza kandi birambuye amashusho y'imbere mu mubiri. Iyo habonetse ikintu kidasanzwe kuri X-ray, ushobora gusabwa gukora MRI.
• Gupima amagufwa: Muri ibi, haterwa ibintu bike bya radiation mu mubiri kugira ngo bifashe mu kumenya ibitagenda neza mu magufwa (nk'ibicurane by'amagufwa).
• Gupima PET (Positron Emission Tomography scan): Ibi bikoresha ubwoko bwihariye bwa glucose. Kubera ko uturemangingo twigabanya vuba, nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri, dukoresha glucose nyinshi, iyi scan ishobora kwerekana ibice by'umubiri aho urugero rwa glucose ruri hejuru cyane (aho ibibyimba bishobora kuba biri).

Ni gute ibyiciro bya sarcoma bigenwa?

Kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri ni ingenzi cyane. Bifasha gusobanukirwa ubukana bwa kanseri n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuyivura. Sarcoma nyinshi zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwa TNM bwo gushyira mu byiciro :

• T (Tumor): Ibi bivuga ingano n'aho ikibyimba cya kanseri cy'ibanze giherereye .
• N (Ingirangingo): Ibi bivuga niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu nsinga z'imitsi ziri hafi aho .
• M (Metastasis): Ibi bivuga niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye (yarahindutse) ikagera no ku zindi ngingo za kure mu mubiri.

Byongeye kandi, abaganga batanga amanota ku ndwara ya kanseri (Grade - G).Ibi bivuga uburyo uturemangingo twa kanseri dusa cyangwa dutandukanye n’uturemangingo dusanzwe. Muri rusange, uko uturemangingo twa kanseri dusa cyane n’uturemangingo dusanzwe, ni ko ubwiyongere bw’indwara burushaho kuba bwiza.

Bakoresheje aya makuru yose, abaganga bagena icyiciro cya sarcoma (umubare kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 4). Uko umubare uba munini, niko kanseri irushaho kwiyongera mu gace runaka cyangwa ikwirakwira mu mubiri wose.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu kumenya icyiciro gishobora kuba gitandukanye gato kuri buri bwoko bwa sarcoma. Bityo rero, vugana na muganga wawe ku icyiciro cya kanseri yawe n'uburyo izagira ingaruka ku kuvura kwawe no gukira mu gihe kizaza.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura Sarcoma?

Mu kuvura sarcoma, si umuganga umwe gusa, ahubwo ni itsinda ry'inzobere bakorana. Iri tsinda rishobora kuba rigizwe n'abaganga babaga, abahanga mu by'imirasire, abahanga mu by'uturemangingo, abaganga ba kanseri, abaganga ba kanseri y'imirasire, abaganga b'indwara z'abana, abaganga b'abana (ku ndwara za kanseri z'abana), abahanga mu by'imitekerereze n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage.

Uburyo bwo kuvura buzaterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo:

• Ubwoko bwa Sarcoma.
• Ingano n'aho ikibyimba giherereye.
• Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.
• Niba sarcoma isanzwe yasuzumwe cyangwa se yarasanzwe yararwaye ikagaruka (isubira).

Bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ni:

1. Kubagwa

Muri ibi, abaganga bagerageza gukuraho uturemangingo twose twa kanseri ariko bagakomeza kubungabunga uturemangingo twinshi dushoboka. Iki kibyimba gikurwaho hamwe n'uturemangingo twinshi tuzima dukikije iki kibyimba (`wide local excision`). Ibi bigerageza gukuraho uturemangingo duto cyane twa kanseri tudasizemo na tumwe.

Hari igihe agace kagize ikibazo kagomba kongera kubakwa. Mu kubaga ingingo, ikibyimba kirakurwaho, kandi nibiba ngombwa, ingingo ikongera kubakwa hakoreshejwe ibyuma. Hari igihe amagufwa yo mu kindi gice cy'umubiri cyangwa ikindi gice gishobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza igufwa ryakuweho. Ariko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe ni ugukuraho urugingo rwagize ikibazo (amputation). Iki ni icyemezo kigoye cyane.

2. Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire

Muri ibi, imirasire ya X-ray ifite ingufu nyinshi ikoreshwa mu gusenya uturemangingo twa kanseri. Intego ni ukugabanya kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tuzima. Ubuvuzi bushobora gutangwa imbere (bushyirwa mu mubiri) cyangwa hanze (butangwa buturutse hanze y'umubiri hakoreshejwe imashini). Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo muri iki gihe ryemerera imirasire kwerekeza neza kuri kanseri, bigatuma ingirangingo nzima ziyikikije zirinda.

Ubuvuzi butangwa imbere mu mubiri , bwitwa kandi brachytherapy , bushobora gukoreshwa ku ndwara za sarcoma zitarakwirakwira. Bushobora gutangwa haba mu gihe cyo kubaga (radiotherapy imbere y'abaganga) cyangwa binyuze mu miyoboro ya pulasitiki (catheters) nyuma yo kubagwa (interstitial brachytherapy).

Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire bukoreshwa kandi mu gihe kanseri yakwirakwiriye (indwara ya metastasis).

3. Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mikorere ya chimiotherapie

Ibi bikoresha imiti yica uturemangingo twa kanseri twiyongera vuba cyangwa igatuma tutinda gukura. Iyi miti ishobora gutangwa mu mitsi cyangwa nk'ibinini bifatwa mu kanwa. Bitangwa kugira ngo bigabanye ikibyimba mbere yo kubagwa cyangwa ngo byice uturemangingo twa kanseri dusigaye nyuma yo kubagwa. Hari igihe imiti ya chimiotherapie itangwa hamwe n'ubuvuzi bw'imirasire.

4. Ubuvuzi bwibanda ku ntego

Ubu ni uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura. Bukoresha imiti yibasira intege nke mu tunyangingo twa kanseri ariko ntibwangize uturemangingo tuzima. Ariko, ubu buryo bukora gusa ku bwoko bw'utunyangingo twa kanseri dufite ubwo busembwa bugamije. Muganga wawe ashobora kubugira inama yo kuvura rimwe cyangwa hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

5. Ubuvuzi bw'imyororokere / Ubuvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima

Ibi bikubiyemo gukomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu , kugufasha kumenya no kurwanya uturemangingo twa kanseri. Uturemangingo twa kanseri dushobora kwihisha uturemangingo twacu, cyangwa tukabuhagarika gukora. Niyo mpamvu uturemangingo twa kanseri dukura mu mubiri. Ubuvuzi bw'imyororokere bukora binyuze mu guhagarika ubwo buryo bwo kwirinda uturemangingo twa kanseri no gufasha umubiri wacu kurwanya kanseri ubwayo.

6. Gukoresha ubushyuhe mu gusohora ubushyuhe

Hari igihe sarcomas zishobora kwangizwa no kuzishyushya cyangwa kuzikonjesha . Ibi bikorwa n'inzobere mu by'imitsi, ikoresha scan (nk'imashini ya CT) kugira ngo imenye neza aho ikibyimba kiri no gushyiramo igikoresho cyihariye (icyuma gipima).

7. Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe

Ubu si uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri. Ariko ni ingenzi cyane. Ubu ni uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura abantu bafite indwara zikomeye nka kanseri. Itsinda ryita ku barwayi barwaye indwara zibabaza umubiri rigizwe n'abaganga, abaforomo, abakozi b'imibereho myiza n'inzobere mu mirire. Bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bagabanye ibimenyetso no gucunga ingaruka mbi zo kuvurwa.Iri tsinda rigufasha kandi guhangana n'imihangayiko n'ibibazo bijyana no gusuzuma kanseri no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe.

8. Igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo kwitabira igerageza rya muganga . Ubu ni ubushakashatsi bupima umutekano n'ubushobozi bw'imiti mishya ya kanseri. Imiti mishya ya sarcoma ihora iri mu cyiciro cy'ubushakashatsi. Bitewe n'uko wanduye, ubu bwoko bw'igerageza bushobora kuba amahitamo kuri wewe.

Ubuzima bwa Sarcoma bumeze bute? (Igipimo cy'ubuzima)

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Muri sarcoma yoroshye y’imitsi, igipimo cyo kubaho mu myaka itanu ni hafi 81% iyo kanseri itarakwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri (ifite ibice byayo). Ariko, mu gihe cya kanseri yanduye, iyi mibare ni hafi 15%. Muri osteosarcoma, ubwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa sarcoma y’amagufwa, igipimo cyo kubaho mu myaka itanu ni hafi 77% iyo kanseri itarakwirakwira, naho mu gihe cya kanseri yanduye, ni hafi 26%.

Ariko, ntugashingire kuri iyi mibare gusa. Ibisubizo byawe bizaterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ubwoko bwa sarcoma ufite, aho iherereye, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uko witwara iyo uvuwe. Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kumenya neza uko ikibazo cyawe kimeze.

Ni ibihe bihe byiza byo kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ikibyimba gishya - cyaba kibabaza cyangwa kitababaza - cyane cyane niba kingana n'umupira wa golf (hafi santimetero 5), jya kwa muganga ako kanya. Nanone, niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ububabare bw'amagufwa nta gikomere , kandi butagenda neza ubwabwo, shaka inama kwa muganga.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sarcoma si ubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri. Ni itsinda ry'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibibyimba bishobora kugaragara mu magufwa yacu cyangwa mu ngingo zoroshye. Ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'aho ikibyimba giherereye. Niba urwaye sarcoma, ibuka ko uburyo bwo kuvurwa n'uko indwara izagenda mu gihe kizaza biterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusobanurira ibi byose.

Ntugatinye, ariko witondere. Nubona ikintu kidasanzwe, vugana na muganga. Uko kigaragara vuba, niko ubuvuzi burushaho kugira icyo bugeraho.

Sarcoma , kanseri, kanseri y'amagufwa, kanseri y'imitsi yoroshye, ibimenyetso bya kanseri, uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri, Sarcoma