Ese wigeze wumva "tetanus" cyangwa "lockjaw"? Ushobora kuba wibuka ababyeyi bawe bakubwira kwitonda nyuma yo gukomereka cyangwa gucibwa mu bwana, bakubwira bati "Witonde, ukeneye inkingo ya tetanus." Nubwo ari indwara ikomeye, biroroshye kuyirinda niba ubizi neza. Uyu munsi, muri Nirogi Lanka , reka tuganire kuri tetanus icyo ari cyo, uko ibaho, n'icyo wakora kugira ngo wirinde.
Tetanus ni iki? Reka tubisobanure mu buryo bworoshye
Mu magambo make, tetanus ni indwara itera imitsi gukomera mu buryo butunguranye kandi budashobora kugenzurwa no kubabara . Iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Clostridium tetani yinjiye mu mubiri wawe. Iyo imaze kwinjiramo, iyi bagiteri ikora uburozi bwibasira uturemangingo tw’imitsi yawe, ikabangamira imikorere y’imitsi yawe. Ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . Ariko, inkuru nziza ni uko ushobora kuyirinda neza binyuze mu gukingirwa . Niyo mpamvu iyi ndwara idakunze kugaragara mu bihugu byateye imbere.
Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa tetanasi?
Yego, abaganga bagaragaza ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi:
- Tetanus rusange: Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane . Iterwa no gupfukama gukomeye kw'imitsi mu mubiri wose, cyane cyane mu ijosi no mu rwasaya. Ushobora kugira ingorane zo gufungura umunwa wawe cyangwa imitsi y'ijosi ikagusubiza inyuma.
- Tetanus y'abana bavutse: Ibi bikunze kwibasira abana bavutse mu minsi 28 ya mbere . Ni gake cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere kuko ababyeyi bakunze gukingirwa igihe batwite . Ariko, bishobora kubaho mu turere tudakunze kugera kwa muganga. Ubwandu bukunze kwinjira mu muyoboro w'inkondo y'umura .
- Tetanus igaragara mu gace runaka: Muri ubu buryo budasanzwe, imitsi iracika gusa mu gace kegereye igikomere . Nubwo bitakunze kubaho, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kuzamuka ikaba tetanus isanzwe.
- Tetanus yo mu mutwe: Kimwe n'iyo mu gace runaka, iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku mitsi yo mu mutwe no mu maso , bigatuma ibimenyetso biba byibasira muri utwo duce.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya tetanasi, kandi wabimenya ute?
Ibimenyetso bya tetanasi bivuka kubera ko uburozi bwa bagiteri bubuza imitsi yawe kwakira ibimenyetso byo kuruhuka, bigatuma ikomeza gufungana.
Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi birimo:
- Kugorwa no kumira (`dysphagia`) cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye (`dyspnea`) .
- Kuramo amate .
- Inseko ikomeye iterwa no guhangayika kw'imitsi yo mu maso.
- Gufunga umunwa (`trismus`) , aho udashobora gufungura umunwa wawe.
- Imitsi ikomeretsa mu nda, mu mugongo, mu maboko cyangwa mu maguru—akenshi iterwa n'amatara yaka cyangwa urusaku rwinshi .
- Opisthotonos , aho imitsi y'ijosi n'umugongo wawe bihindukira inyuma nk'umuheto.
- Indwara zo mu mutwe .
Icy'ingenzi: Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane nyuma y'imvune, shakisha ubufasha bwihuse mu ishami ryita ku bibazo byihutirwa riri hafi yawe.
Tetanus ishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo mu bwonko bwawe, bugenzura imikorere idakorwa ku bushake nko gutera k'umutima no guhumeka. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:
- Umuriro n'ibyuya .
- Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije.
- Umuvuduko w'umutima wihuta (` tachycardia` ).
- Kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari cyangwa kunanirwa kwihagarika umwanda .
Ni iki gitera tetanasi, kandi ni gute bagiteri yinjira mu mubiri?
Tetanus iterwa n'uburozi bukorwa na C. tetani ; bityo, ntabwo yandura kandi ntishobora gukwirakwira iva ku muntu ijya ku wundi .
Bagiteri (zishobora kubaho nk'udukoko twihanganira indwara) ziboneka cyane cyane mu butaka, cyane cyane ubutaka bwandujwe n'ifumbire y'amatungo . Zinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu gukomereka cyane, gutobora ibisebe, cyangwa kuvunika uruhu. Uburyo busanzwe ibi bibaho burimo:
- Gucikamo ibice by'umubiri aho amagufwa acika mu ruhu.
- Ibikomere byo gushya.
- Ibikomere byo gukomereka.
- Indwara z'amenyo.
- Udukoko cyangwa inyamaswa bikururwa n'udukoko bikavamo umwanda.
- Ibikomere byo kubagwa.
- Inshinge cyangwa ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi byanduye.
- Ibikomere bito byo mu rugo nko gukomereka cyangwa gukandagira ku musumari wangiritse.
Waba uri guhinga mu busitani ukakandagira ku musumari wangiritse cyangwa ukagwa mu gihe ukina, ndetse n'ibikomere bito bisaba kwitabwaho ku bijyanye n'uko ukirinzwe tetanasi.
Mu by’ukuri, abarwayi benshi ntibashobora kwibuka igikomere cya mbere cyateye kwandura; ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kugeza kuri 50% by’abarwayi, igikomere cya mbere ntikimenyekana.
Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara tetanasi?
Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byawe:
- Imyaka: Uburinzi ku nkingo zo mu bwana bushobora kugabanuka ku bantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 65, kandi benshi muri iki kigero bashobora kuba batarahawe inkingo zigezweho.
- Urukingo rudahagije: Kwirinda Tetanus bishingiye ku rugero rwuzuye rw'ibipimo n'ibindi bitera imbaraga bisanzwe.
- Diyabete: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu barwaye diyabete bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara.
- Kubura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butuma bigorana umubiri wawe kurwanya bagiteri.
- Gukoresha imiti mu mitsi: Gukoresha inshinge zitarimo imiti itera indwara bitera ibyago bikomeye.
Ni gute abana bavutse barwara tetanasi, kandi ni izihe mpamvu?
Tetanus y'umwana ukiri muto ikunze kubaho iyo umubyeyi adafite ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya tetanus . Iyo umubyeyi atarakingirwa, umwana ntahabwa ubu burinzi, bigatuma ashobora kwandura binyuze mu gikomere icyo ari cyo cyose. Aho bagiteri zikunze kwinjirira mu bana bavutse ni agace k'umugongo .
Ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora gutera tetanasi y'uruhinja ruri mu nda birimo:
- Umubyeyi utarakingirwa cyangwa utakingiwe burundu.
- Kwandura igishishwa cy'inkondo y'umura bitewe no gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite imiti cyangwa isuku idakwiye mu gihe cyo kwita ku nkondo y'umura.
Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na tetanasi?
Tetanus ishobora gutera ingorane zitandukanye, zimwe ziterwa no kubabara cyane kw'imitsi n'izindi ziterwa no guhungabana kw'imitsi ikora ku mubiri . Izi ngorane zirimo:
- Kugorwa no guhumeka bitewe no kubabara mu mitsi yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.
- Amaraso apfutse.
- Kunanirwa kw'impyiko.
- Sepsis (uburozi bw'amaraso).
- Urupfu.
Kubera ko iyi ari indwara ikomeye, ntugomba na rimwe gufata igikomere gito mu buryo bworoshye.
Ni gute abaganga basuzuma indwara ya tetanasi?
Nta bipimo byihariye bya laboratwari bihari kugira ngo byemezwe ko ufite indwara ya tetanasi. Muganga wawe azagupima akurikije ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwawe. Azagukorera isuzuma ry'umubiri kandi asuzume amateka y'ubuzima bwawe.
Hari igihe abaganga bashobora gukoresha "ikizamini cya spatula".Muri ubu buryo, umuganga akora ku muhogo wawe akoresheje igikoresho cyoroshye cyangwa agapira. Ubusanzwe, ibi bitera gucika intege; icyakora, ku muntu urwaye tetanus, bitera imitsi gucikagurika no gufunga urwasaya (trismus).
Tetanus ivurwa ite?
Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko urwaye tetanasi, azahita atangira kuvurwa . Ubu buryo bwo kuvura burimo:
- Kwita ku gikomere: Gusukura neza igikomere (aho cyakuweho) kugira ngo ukureho ingirangingo zapfuye no kugabanya umubare w'udukoko twanduye. Ibi bihagarika kongera gukorerwa uburozi kandi bigafasha kugabanya ingaruka z'indwara.
- Imiti:
- Antitoxin ya Tetanus: Ibi birinda ko uburozi bukomeza kwangirika mu mubiri wawe.
- Antibiyotike: Antibiyotike nka metronidazole zifasha mu gukuraho bagiteri zisigaye.
- Imiti igabanya imitsi n'imiti ya benzodiazepine ikoreshwa mu kugenzura imitsi ihindagurika ndetse n'ibimenyetso byayo.
- Kuruhuka: Umucyo n'urusaku bishobora gutera imitsi, bityo muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuruhuka mu cyumba cyijimye kandi gituje .
- Gufasha mu guhumeka: Kugumana umwuka mwiza ni ingenzi cyane. Niba ufite ibibazo byo guhumeka, ushobora gukenera intubation no guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga . Akenshi muri iki gihe hatangwa uburyo bwo kuruhuka kugira ngo ugire ibyiyumvo byiza.
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?
Nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bishobora gufata ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu kugira ngo indwara ikemuke. Ariko, gukira burundu bishobora gufata amezi menshi . Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha igihe gishingiye ku ndwara yawe.
Ese bishobora kwirindwa? Reka tuvuge ku nkingo!
Tetanus ni indwara ishobora kwirindwa cyane binyuze mu gukingirwa . Nk'uko biri muri gahunda yawe isanzwe yo gukingirwa , uru rukingo rutangwa mu bwana (ubusanzwe nk'urukingo rwa gatatu, hagakurikiraho DT, hamwe n'inyongera za DT cyangwa Td ku bantu bakuru).
Ntugatekereze ko kuba wararwaye tetanasi rimwe bitanga ubudahangarwa; ntabwo ari byo. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kubona ubudahangarwa ni urukingo.
Byongeye kandi, uburinzi bw'urukingo bugenda bugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita . Bityo, ukeneye inkingo yongerera imbaraga hafi buri myaka 10. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu ituma abantu bakuru bagira ibyago byinshi byo kwandura tetanus.
Nubwo gahunda yawe yo gukingirwa yarenze igihe, gukingirwa bishobora kurokora ubuzima. Abantu benshi bahawe nibura doze eshatu z'urukingo rwa tetanasi barinzwe. Ndetse no gukingirwa igice bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw'indwara.
Muri rusange, niba ufite igikomere gishya, cyimbitse, cyangwa gishobora kwandura, ukeneye umuti wongera tetanasi niba hari kimwe muri ibi bikurikira kigusaba:
- Wahawe doze zitari munsi ya eshatu z'urutonde rw'inkingo za tetanus.
- Urabizi neza uko uhagaze mu gukingirwa kwawe .
- Hashize imyaka 10 cyangwa irenga kuva waherukaga gukoresha icyuma gitera imbaraga .
Ni iki wakwitega uramutse urwaye tetanasi?
Tetanus ni indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga , ariko iyo umuntu avuwe neza, abantu benshi bakira neza . Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe bagiteri yinjiye mu mubiri, nubwo ishobora kugaragara hakiri kare nk'iminsi ibiri cyangwa nyuma y'ibyumweru bitatu yanduye.
Gukomereka akenshi bitangirira hafi y'aho wakomeretse. Hanyuma ushobora kugira imitsi y'amaso ikakugora gufungura urwasaya. Uku gukomereka gushobora kubabaza kandi buhoro buhoro kukagera mu ijosi no mu mugongo.
Icyo itsinda ry’abaganga rizakora mbere ni ugukingira uburyo bwo guhumeka (intubation) . Iyo bimaze gutuza, ubuvuzi bw’ibindi bimenyetso buratangira, harimo imiti igabanya imitsi no kugabanya ububabare kugira ngo ukomeze kumva umerewe neza uko bishoboka kose.
Gukira biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, kandi muganga wawe azaguha ibisobanuro birambuye ku byo witeze. Bazagufasha kandi kumenya uburyo bwo kugufasha gukira. Ikirenze byose, iyo ugiye kwa muganga, amahirwe yawe yo gukira no gukira indwara ya tetanasi ni meza.
Ese koko ingese itera tetanasi?
Oya, ingese ntizitera tetanus. Ariko, ingese ni ikimenyetso cy'uko ikintu gishaje kandi gishobora kuba gifite bagiteri za tetanus hamwe n'indi myanda.
Niba ugize ikibazo gikomeye cyo gutobora mu busitani cyangwa ukandagiye ku nzara irimo ingese mu gihe ukora akazi ko mu rugo, ibyago byo kurwara tetanasi bishobora kugabanuka byoroshye iyo ubuvuzi bukwiye buvuwe. Niba wemera ko ukeneye inshinge yo gukingira, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi kiri hafi yawe. Bashobora kuvura igikomere no kugitera umuti wo gukingira icyarimwe.
Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya tetanasi, jya ku kigo cyita ku bibazo byihutirwa kiri hafi yawe. Tetanasi itavuwe ishobora kwica. Ariko, iyo uhawe ubuvuzi bukwiye, amahirwe yawe yo kurokoka no gukira aba menshi cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Nubwo indwara ya tetanasi iteye ubwoba, kumenya amakuru neza ni intambwe ya mbere yo gukomeza kwirinda indwara ya Nirogi Lanka.
- Tetanus iterwa n'uburozi bukorwa na bagiteri *Clostridium tetani*. Izi bagiteri zishobora kwibera mu butaka, mu mukungugu no mu myanda y'inyamaswa.
- Bagiteri zinjira mu mubiri wawe zinyuze mu bikomere. Ibi bishobora kubaho binyuze mu kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kuva ku gukomereka gato cyangwa gukomereka kugeza ku gukomereka kwimbitse kandi kwinjirira.
- Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi birimo kubabara mu misaya (gufunga umunwa), imitsi icika intege, no kugorwa no kumira.
- Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda tetanasi ni ugukingirwa. Menya neza ko wujuje gahunda yawe yo gukingira abana kandi ukibuka guhabwa dose yo kongera imbaraga buri myaka 10 kugira ngo ukomeze kurindwa.
- Niba ufite igikomere—cyane cyane icy’inyongera cyangwa cyanduye—shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya. Dushobora kugenzura niba urukingo rwa tetanasi rujyanye n’igihe.
- Niba ubonye ibimenyetso, jya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse riri hafi yawe. Guvurwa vuba ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo urokore ubuzima bwawe.
Wibuke ko ubuzima bwawe buri mu maboko yawe. Komeza utekanye hamwe na Nirogi Lanka!
Tetanus, Lockjaw, Clostridium tetani, ubwandu bw'ibikomere, urukingo rwa tetanus, urukingo rwongerera imbaraga
