Indwara ya Tourette ni iki? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

Ese wigeze ubona ko rimwe na rimwe abana bato, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'abantu bakuru, bahumbya amaso yabo buri gihe, cyangwa bagatera intugu zabo hejuru, cyangwa bagahita bavuza urusaku rusakuza mu muhogo? Bisa nkaho ibi bibabaho nta bushobozi bwabo, si byo se? Indwara ya Tourette ni indwara y'imitsi itera imigendere cyangwa amajwi adacungwa. Mu magambo y'ubuvuzi, ibi tubyita ritike. Ntugatinye iyo ubyumvise. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya neza ibi.

Mu magambo make, indwara ya Tourette Syndrome ni iki?

Indwara ya Tourette ni indwara y’imitsi ituma umuntu akora ingendo zitunguranye cyangwa amajwi adashobora kugenzura. Ayo majwi yitwa tic. Urugero, umuntu ashobora guhumbya amaso inshuro nyinshi, agakoza umuhogo, cyangwa akavuga amagambo atashakaga kuvuga.

Ku bantu bamwe, kuvurwa bifasha mu kugenzura uku kudogera. Ariko ku bandi, ibi bimenyetso ntibibatera ikibazo ku buryo badakeneye imiti na gato.

Iyi ndwara ikunze gutangirira mu bwana. Ikunze kandi ku bahungu kurusha abakobwa. Ikintu cyiza ni uko ibi bimenyetso bikunze kugabanuka uko abana bakura. Hari ubwo bishira burundu.

Kuki ibi bibaho? Impamvu ni izihe?

Abaganga baracyagerageza kumenya neza icyateye indwara ya Tourette syndrome, ariko bemeza ko ifitanye isano n'impinduka mu mikorere y'ibice byinshi by'ubwonko. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko impinduka mu gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko, gifasha kugenzura ingendo z'umubiri; ibice by'imbere, bigenzura imitsi; na cortex, ifasha mu gutumanaho hagati y'ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko.

Byongeye kandi, ubusumbane mu bintu bijyana ubutumwa mu bwonko, byitwa neurotransmitters, nabyo bishobora kuba impamvu. Ibikuru ni (dopamine), (serotonin), na (norepinephrine).

Uretse ibi, hari izindi mpamvu zitaragaragazwa neza, ariko zifatwa nk'izifite ingaruka:

• Ingorane mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe
• Uburozi bwa monoxide ya karuboni
• Encephalitis

Ese ibi ni ibintu bikomoka ku bisekuruza?

Abashakashatsi bemeza ko indwara ya Tourette cyangwa izindi ndwara nk'izo zishobora kuba ari umurage ku rugero runaka. Ibi bivuze ko hashobora kuba hari isano iri hagati y’uturemangingo. Nubwo bitaramenyekana neza uko ibi bibaho, umuntu urwaye indwara ya Tourette afite amahirwe agera kuri 50% yo kuyitera umwana. Ariko, mu miryango imwe n'imwe, abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara, mu gihe mu yindi, umuntu umwe gusa ni we ushobora kuyirwara. Nanone, hafi umwana umwe muri 20 ufite iyi ndwara nta muryango uba ufite iyi ndwara.

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Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Tourette (Tics)?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cya Tourette syndrome ni 'tic'. Hari 'tic' zimwe na zimwe ziba nto cyane ku buryo zitagaragara. Ariko zimwe ziba kenshi kandi zigaragara. Zishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ibintu nk'imihangayiko , ibyishimo, indwara, cyangwa umunaniro. 'tic' zikomeye rimwe na rimwe zishobora gutera isoni no kubangamira ubuzima bw'abandi cyangwa akazi.

Mbere yuko habaho gucika intege kw'imitsi, hari abantu bashobora kumva umubiri wabo urimo gucika intege, gushotora cyangwa gufungana. Ubwo burwayi burashira iyo gucika intege, cyangwa kugenda. Ushobora guhagarika gucika intege igihe runaka, ariko ushobora kudashobora kubihagarika burundu.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa 'tics'. Ni 'motor tics' na 'vocal tics'. Buri bwoko muri ubu bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: byoroshye n'ibigoye.

Ukuri ku gukoresha imvugo mbi (Coprolalia)

Kimwe mu bimenyetso bitera urujijo ku ndwara ya Tourette ni 'coprolalia'. Ibi ni ukuvuga amagambo mabi cyangwa ibintu bitajyanye n'imibereho. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gukora ibimenyetso by'urukozasoni mu buryo butagenzurwa byitwa 'copropraxia'. Kubera ko abantu bafite iyi ndwara bagaragara kuri televiziyo no muri filime, abantu benshi batekereza ko ibi ari ibintu bisanzwe. Ariko ukuri ni uko abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya Tourette badafite 'coprolalia' cyangwa 'copropraxia'.

Izindi ngingo zijyanye

Nubwo impamvu nyayo idasobanutse neza, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu barwaye indwara ya Tourette bafite ibimenyetso bya ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), bivuze ko bagorwa no kwita ku bintu, gukomeza kwibanda ku bintu no kurangiza imirimo.

Byongeye kandi, indwara ya Tourette ishobora no kuba ifitanye isano n'izi ndwara:

• Guhangayika
• Ubumuga bwo kwiga, urugero nko kunanirwa gusoma no kwandika (dyslexia)
• Indwara yo kudakora ibintu ku bushake (OCD) ni indwara aho ibitekerezo n'ibikorwa bidakenewe bidashobora kugenzurwa, urugero nko gukaraba intoki buri gihe.

Ni gute umuganga amenya neza niba iyi ari indwara ya Tourette?

Igikuru ni uko nta kizamini cyihariye gitangwa kugira ngo umenye indwara ya Tourette. Muganga wawe azagusuzuma akurikije amakuru utanga kuri wowe ubwawe cyangwa umwana wawe ndetse n'ibimenyetso abona.

Ariko, muganga wawe ashobora kuba akeneye gusuzuma izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera uburwayi bwawe. Urugero, guhumbya amaso buri gihe bishobora guterwa no kutabona neza, cyangwa guhora uhumbya izuru bishobora guterwa n'uburwayi bw'uruhu. Muri ibyo bihe, ushobora koherezwa gupimwa nk'ibipimo by'amaraso cyangwa gupimwa MRI mu bwonko bwawe. Ushobora kandi gusabwa gukora EEG (electroencephalogram), ipima imiterere y'imiraba y'ubwonko.

Muganga wawe ashobora kukubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni iki cyaguteye kuza hano uyu munsi?
• Ese wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mugira imigendere idasobanutse y'umubiri? Ibi bimaze igihe kingana iki bibaho?
• Ese wumva amagambo cyangwa amajwi asohoka mu kanwa kawe utabanje gutekereza? Ibi byatangiye ryari?
• Ese hari ikintu gituma ibi bimenyetso birushaho kuba byiza? Ni iki gituma birushaho kuba bibi?
• Ese wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite imihangayiko cyangwa ingorane zo kwita ku bintu?
• Hari undi muntu mu muryango ufite ibi bimenyetso?

Byongeye kandi, muganga asuzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Ese "tics" ziri mu byiciro byombi by'ingendo n'amajwi (si ngombwa ko bibaho icyarimwe).
• Uko biza kangahe ku munsi, ese bizamara nibura umwaka?
• Byatangiye mbere y'imyaka 18?
• Ese ibi bintu ntibiterwa n'imiti cyangwa ibindi bintu?
• Ese ubwinshi bw'imitsi butandukana bitewe n'inshuro, ubwoko, ubukana, cyangwa kuva ku byoroshye kugeza ku bigoye?

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Nta muti uraboneka wa Tourette syndrome. Ariko, ku bantu benshi, indwara ziba zidakomeye bihagije ku buryo zisaba kuvurwa. Ariko, niba zibangamira ubuzima bwawe, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti.

Imiti

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ishobora gufasha kugabanya "ticks". Imwe muri iyi inatangwa no ku zindi ndwara. Ibyo biterwa nuko iyo miti yagaragaye ko igabanya "ticks".

• Imiti igira ingaruka kuri dopamine: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Pimozide, Risperidone.
• Imiti ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso: nka Clonidine, Guanfacine.
• Imiti igabanya ububabare: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft).
• Imiti ivura ADHD: nka Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA).
• Imiti ivura igicuri: nka Topiramate (Topomax).

Igikuru ni ukudatangira cyangwa guhagarika imiti iyo ari yo yose udafite inama ya muganga. Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo ubone umuti ukwiye n'ingano yawo.

Ubuvuzi

Uretse imiti, uburyo bwo kuvura nabwo burafasha cyane mu kuvura iyi ndwara.

• Uburyo bwo kuvura mu kiganiro: Ushobora kuvugana n'umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu cyangwa umuganga wabihuguriwe kugira ngo wige uburyo bwo guhangana n'indwara ya Tourette syndrome n'ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano nka ADHD, OCD, cyangwa ihungabana.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT): Ibi bikubiyemo kumenya ibyiyumvo bibanziriza uburyaryate no kwitoza gukora ikindi kintu mu kubikemura. Ibi bishobora gufasha cyane mu kugenzura ubwitegure.
• Gukangura Ubwonko Bwimbitse (DBS): Ubu buvuzi buracyari igerageza. Bufatwa nk'ubugenewe abantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye cyane batakiriye ubundi buvuzi. Muri ubu buryo, hashyirwaho igikoresho kibagwa gitanga amashanyarazi mu bice by'ubwonko bigenzura ingendo.

Inama ku babyeyi bita ku mwana urwaye indwara ya Tourette

Kwita ku mwana ufite iyi ndwara bishobora kugora ababyeyi. Wibuke ko indwara yo kunanirwa kwifata ikunze kugaragara mu gihe cy'ubwangavu bw'umwana, ikagabanuka buhoro buhoro uko agenda akura.

Hagati aho, dore ibintu bimwe na bimwe byagufasha:

• Ntugahatire umwana wawe guhagarika kubyimba kwe. Bishobora kumubabaza kubibona cyangwa kubyumva, ariko kugerageza kubigenzura bishobora kongera stress y'umwana no gutuma kubyimba kwe kwiyongera.
• Menyesha abantu bakuru mu buzima bw'umwana. Menyesha abarimu b'ishuri, umushoferi w'imodoka y'ishuri, umwarimu w'ishuri, n'abatoza umwana amarana nabo igihe kinini. Basobanurire uko ibintu bimeze kandi ubone ubufasha umwana akeneye.
• Fasha umwana wawe kwihesha agaciro. Shishikariza umwana wawe gukurikirana ibintu akunda n'impano (nk'imikino, ubuhanzi, umuziki). Ibi bizamufasha kugira inshuti, kwiga ibintu bishya, no kwigirira icyizere.
• Igisha umwana wawe uburyo bwo guhangana n'urwenya rw'abandi. Ganira n'umwana wawe kandi umutoze uburyo bwo gusubiza urwenya n'ibibazo by'abandi bana.
• Shaka ubufasha. Shaka niba hari amatsinda yo gufasha ababyeyi bafite abana nk'aba. Ibyo bizaguha imbaraga nyinshi.