Tekereza ko waguze itike ugapakira imizigo yawe kugira ngo ujye mu gihugu ukunda. Ibintu byose ni byiza. Ariko se koko waba waratekereje ku buzima bwawe mu rugendo rwawe na nyuma yarwo? Nubwo tutabizi, iyo ugiye mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, bishobora kuba ngombwa kubona inkingo zihariye zo kwirinda indwara zidakunze kugaragara mu gihugu cyacu, ariko zikunze kugaragara muri ibyo bihugu. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri izi nkingo ukeneye kumenya niba ushaka kugira urugendo rwiza kandi rushimishije mu mahanga.
Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Si byiza kwihutira kujya kwa muganga ku munota wa nyuma umaze kubona itike y'indege. Ibi biterwa nuko inkingo zimwe zishobora kumara ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6 zikora mu mubiri kandi zigatanga uburinzi bwuzuye. Nanone, zimwe ntizikora ku rugero rumwe kandi zisaba doze ebyiri cyangwa eshatu, zigashyirwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bike.
Bityo rero, ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ni ukubonana n'umuganga w'umuryango wawe (umuganga) nibura ukwezi kumwe cyangwa ukwezi kumwe n'igice mbere y'urugendo rwawe, ugahabwa inama zikenewe ku gihugu ugiyemo n'ibisobanuro birambuye by'urugendo. Muri ubwo buryo, ushobora gukora ibyo ukeneye byose ku gihe nta ngorane.
Ni izihe 'nkingo zisanzwe' zifitiye akamaro buri wese?
Mbere yo guhitamo igihugu ugiye kujyamo, ugomba kugenzura niba inkingo zawe zisanzwe zijyanye n'igihe. Izi ni inkingo tubona muri Sri Lanka kuva mu bwana bwacu kugira ngo twirinde indwara zitandukanye. Kubera ko izi ndwara ziboneka no mu mahanga, kurangiza inkingo zacu zisanzwe bizaguha uburinzi bukomeye.
Reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo hanyuma uganire na muganga wawe niba ukwiye kubona izi nkingo zose cyangwa niba ukeneye inkingo ziyongera.
| Urukingo Rusanzwe | Indwara zirinzwe |
|---|---|
| Urukingo rwa "Combined measles", "mumps", "rubella" (MMR) | Itanga uburinzi ku ndwara zose uko ari eshatu: iseru, mumps, na rubella. |
| Indwara z'iseru, mumps, inkorora itera uburibwe (Tdap/DTP) | Itanga uburinzi kuri izi ndwara eshatu zikomeye. Abantu bakuru nabo bakeneye doze yo 'kubaka' rimwe na rimwe. |
| Polio | Uru rukingo ni ingenzi kuko indwara ya polio iracyahari mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe. |
| Indwara y'inkoko | Niba utararwaye indwara y'inkoko ukiri umwana cyangwa utarahawe urukingo, ni ngombwa kuyifata. |
| Hepatite B | Irinda indwara zikomeye zifata umwijima. |
| Urukingo rw'ibicurane ngarukamwaka | Kugira ngo birinde virusi ziterwa n'ibicurane zihinduka buri mwaka. |
| COVID-19 | Ni ngombwa kuba warahawe inkingo za COVID-19 n'inyongera zisabwa. |
Ni izihe nkingo zihariye zisabwa bitewe n'igihugu urimo gusura?
Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Inkingo runaka ukeneye ziterwa gusa n'igihugu ugiyemo .
Inkingo zikunze kugirwa inama
Abagenzi benshi, cyane cyane abajya mu bihugu bya Aziya y'Epfo, Afurika, na Amerika y'Epfo, barasabwa gukingirwa Hepatite A na Tifoyide . Izi ndwara zombi zandurira mu biribwa n'amazi yanduye . Turi mu kaga ko kwandura izi ndwara niba turiye ibiryo biva ahantu tutazi cyangwa tunywa amazi ari mu macupa.
Inkingo zikenewe
Niba ugiye mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe muri Afurika cyangwa Amerika y'Epfo, ni itegeko kubona urukingo rwa Yellow Fever . Ibi si inama gusa. Ntuzemererwa kwinjira muri ibyo bihugu udafite icyemezo cy'uko wahawe uru rukingo.
Ibihugu bidakeneye inkingo zihariye
Ariko, niba ugiye mu gihugu cyateye imbere nka Kanada, Ubuyapani, Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande, n'ibindi bihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi bw'Iburengerazuba, ushobora kudakenera izindi nkingo zihariye. Ariko, wagombye kuba wararangije inkingo rusange twavuze mbere.
Ingamba zo kwirinda zitari inkingo, ariko z'ingenzi
Nta rukingo rw'indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomeye zihari, ariko hari ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda indwara zimwe na zimwe.
Malariya
Malariya si indwara ishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe urukingo. Ariko, niba ugiye mu gace karimo malariya (nk'uturere tumwe na tumwe two muri Afurika na Aziya), muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira ikinini cyo kuyirinda. Ugomba gutangira gufata uyu muti iminsi mike mbere y'uko ugenda, ugakomeza kuwufata mu rugendo rwawe, kandi ugakomeza iminsi mike nyuma yo kugaruka. Ni ngombwa cyane gufata imiti yose nta kabuza.
Dengue na Zika
Dengue na Zika nabyo ni indwara zandurira mu mibu, ariko nta rukingo ruraboneka kugeza ubu. Turabizi kuko dengue ihari no muri Sri Lanka. Niba ugiye mu gihugu aho indwara nk'izo zikunze kugaragara, ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukwirinda imibu .
- Siga imiti yica imibu ku mubiri wawe.
- Ambara imyenda miremire kandi idafite isura ikwiranye n'umubiri wawe uko bishoboka kose, cyane cyane mu gitondo na nimugoroba.
- Kuryama munsi y'inzitiramibu.
- Ingaruka zo kurwara imibu ziragabanuka iyo ucumbitse mu byumba bifite icyuma gikonjesha.
Ni gute wabona amakuru nyayo kurusha ayandi?
Nubwo hari amakuru kuri ibi ku mbuga zitandukanye kuri interineti, umuganga wawe ni we wenyine ushobora kuguha inama nyayo kandi yizewe ikubereye. Azakubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:
- Ugiye mu kihe gihugu?
- Ni mu turere ki tw'igihugu utuyemo? (Mu mijyi, mu cyaro, mu ishyamba?)
- Urugendo rumara igihe kingana iki?
- Ufite imyaka ingahe?
- Ese ufite izindi ndwara nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa asima?
- Uratwite?
Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibi byose, azagena neza inkingo n'ingamba zo kwirinda ukeneye.
Nubwo ari byiza gukora ubushakashatsi ku makuru kuri interineti, ntugashingire ibyemezo byawe kuri ayo makuru gusa. Amaherezo, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga kandi ugakurikiza inama ze.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Niba uteganya kujya mu mahanga, banza uganire na muganga wawe nibura ibyumweru 4-6 mbere y'urugendo.
- Menya neza ko inkingo zose ukoresha buri gihe (nka MMR, Tdap, Polio) zijyanye n'igihe.
- Inkingo zihariye ukeneye (nk'indwara y'umwijima A, Tifoyide, Umuhondo) biterwa n'igihugu ugiyemo n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.
- Nta nkingo zikingira indwara nka malariya zihari, kandi imiti ikwiye igomba gufatwa. Kwirinda kurumwa n'umubu ni ingenzi kugira ngo wirinde indwara nka dengue na Zika.
- Uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo kubona amakuru nyayo ku bijyanye n'inkingo n'inama z'ubuzima ukeneye ni ukuganira na muganga wawe.
inkingo z'ingendo zo muri Sinhala, inkingo z'ingendo zo mu mahanga, imiti ugomba gufata mbere yo kuva mu gihugu, urukingo rw'umuhondo wa fever Sri Lanka, kwirinda malariya muri Sinhala, urukingo rwa hepatite A muri Sinhala, urukingo rwa tifoyide muri Sinhala
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