Kolesteroli ni iki?

Ushobora kuba warigeze kumva ibyerekeye cholesterol ahantu runaka, sibyo? Ahari muganga wawe yabikubwiye , cyangwa wabibonye mu kinyamakuru cyangwa kuri televiziyo. Abantu benshi batekereza ko cholesterol ari ikintu kibi ku mibiri yacu. Ariko se koko ibyo ni ukuri?

Ni iki kibaho kuri cholesterol mu mubiri wacu?

Muri make, cholesterol ni ubwoko bw'ibinure biri mu mibiri yacu. Mu buryo bwa siyansi, ni "lipide". Kubera ko ibi binure bidashonga mu mazi, ntibishonga mu maraso yacu, ahubwo binyura mu maraso bikagera kuri buri gice cy'umubiri. Tekereza gato, cholesterol ni ingenzi kugira ngo umubiri wacu ukore neza. Ifite akamaro kenshi ku mubiri wacu:

• Kolesteroli ifasha kubaka urukuta rurinda uturemangingo duto cyane mu mubiri wacu, twitwa uturemangingo . Utwo turemangingo tugenzura ibiri mu turemangingo n'ibisohoka mu turemangingo. Nk'irembo.
• Kolesteroli ifasha umwijima wacu gukora inyo . Nkuko mubizi, iyi nyo ni ingenzi mu igogora ryiza ry'ibiryo turya.
• Nanone, cholesterol irakenewe kugira ngo hakorwe imwe mu misemburo umubiri wacu ukora, cyane cyane imisemburo y'ibitsina na vitamine D.

Urabona? Kolesteroli si ikintu kibi gusa. Ifasha imibiri yacu gukora ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi.

None se niba cholesterol ari ngombwa, kuki tubihangayikishije cyane?

Yego, imibiri yacu mu by’ukuri ikenera ingano runaka ya cholesterol kugira ngo ikore. Ariko, ikibazo ni uko iyo dufite cholesterol nyinshi mu mibiri yacu. Nk’uko turya ibiryo, iyo turya ibirenze ibyo dukeneye, turarwara. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, iyo cholesterol iri hejuru, ni ukuvuga iyo urugero rwa cholesterol mu maraso ruri hejuru y’ingano isabwa (hyperlipidemia) cyangwa iyo ubwoko bw’ibinure mu mubiri budahuje (dyslipidemia), dushobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima. By’umwihariko, ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima , ni ukuvuga indwara y’imitsi y’umutima, ni byinshi cyane.

Mu by’ukuri, hafi 80% bya cholesterol umubiri wacu ukeneye ikorwa n’umwijima wacu. Ibindi bikomoka ku biribwa turya. Ubusanzwe, imibiri yacu ishobora gushungura cholesterol irenze iyindi muri ibyo biribwa. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, iyi nzira ntikora neza, cyangwa ingano ya cholesterol turya mu biribwa turya ikaba myinshi cyane ku buryo tudashobora kuyitwara.

None se iyi cholesterol irenze urugero yinjira mu mubiri gute?

Hashobora kuba hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera.

• Impamvu z’uturemangingo:Hari abantu bafite indwara ya genetike yitwa " Familial Hypercholesterolemia ". Umuntu ufite iyi ndwara agira ingorane zo gukura cholesterol idakenewe mu maraso neza. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, cholesterol irakomeza kwiyongera mu maraso kandi urugero rukazamuka.
• Indyo yacu: Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi ni ibiryo turya . Bimwe mu biribwa turya bishobora kongera urugero rwa cholesterol. Iki kibazo gishobora kubaho iyo turya ibinure byinshi byuzuye biva mu bikomoka ku nyamaswa (urugero, inyama, amata, foromaje, amavuta) n'ibinure bya trans (bikunze kuboneka mu biribwa byatunganyijwe, ibiryo bipfunyitse, n'ibiryo byihuse). Rero, ni ngombwa kwitondera ibyo turya.

Kolesteroli igenda ite mu maraso yacu?

Cholesterol iboneka hafi muri buri turemangingo two mu mubiri wacu. Ariko akenshi tuvuga kandi tukumva ibya cholesterol iri mu maraso. Kubera imiterere yayo ya shimi, cholesterol ntishobora kunyura mu maraso ubwayo. Kubwibyo, igomba guhuzwa n'utundi duce. Bityo, cholesterol ihuzwa na poroteyine n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibinure byitwa triglycerides . Tuyita aka gace kihariye kagizwe no guhuza cholesterol, poroteyine, na triglycerides lipoprotein .

Izi lipoprotein ni iki?

Tekereza lipoproteins nk'ibinyabiziga bito bigizwe na lipide na poroteyine. Ibi binyabiziga bishobora kugenda mu mubiri wose binyuze mu maraso. Mu yandi magambo, bimeze nk'ubwato butwara ibintu biva mu mujyi umwe bijya mu wundi. Hari ubwato butwara ibiryo n'ibindi bikoresho bijyana mu mujyi. Hari ubundi bwoko bw'ubwato butwara imyanda mu mujyi.

Ni kimwe no mu mibiri yacu. Hari lipoprotein zimwe na zimwe zijyana cholesterol mu ngingo zitandukanye no mu turemangingo mu mubiri. Iyi cholesterol ni ingenzi ku mubiri. Ariko iyo yiyongera cyane, iba mbi. Niyo mpamvu dukeneye ubundi bwoko bwa lipoprotein bufata cholesterol irenze iyindi bukayikuraho.

Ushobora kuba warumvise izi lipoproteins mu mazina yazo. Zikunze kwitwa cholesterol ya LDL na cholesterol ya HDL. Izi ni zo moko abiri y'ingenzi ya cholesterol. Ariko hari andi moko. Reka turebere hamwe neza ubwo bwoko bwa cholesterol n'icyo bukora mu mubiri.

Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bwa cholesterol twibaza?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa cholesterol mu mibiri yacu. Ikizamini kireba cholesterol mu maraso yawe cyitwa lipid profile.Iyo ubikoze, uzabona ko hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa cholesterol buri muri iyo raporo. Numara kumenya icyo buri bwoko busobanura, bizakoroha cyane kuganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye na cholesterol.

Kolesteroli ya LDL - iyi niyo yitwa kolesteroli "mbi"?

Kolesteroli ya LDL isobanura lipoporoteyine ntoya . Utu duce duto tugizwe ahanini na kolesteroli. Akazi k'utu duce twa LDL ni ukujyana kolesteroli mu turemangingo tw'umubiri. Kolesteroli ya LDL yahimbwe izina rya "cholesterol mbi" . Kuki ari uko bimeze?

LDL ni ingenzi cyane ku mubiri wacu. Ariko ikibazo ni uko iyo irenze urugero mu maraso. Hanyuma iyi cholesterol ya LDL, hamwe n'ibindi bintu, itangira kwirundanya mu mitsi yacu y'amaraso, ni ukuvuga mu nkuta z'imitsi yacu. Urwo rurerure rw'ibinure rukorwa muri ubu buryo twita 'plaque' . Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi plaque igenda ikura buhoro buhoro, ikagabanya umwanya uri imbere mu mitsi. Kwirundanya kwa plaque mu nkuta z'imitsi muri ubu buryo byitwa atherosclerosis . Iyi ndwara yongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara indwara zikomeye nko gutera umutima no gucika kw'imitsi.

Rero ni ngombwa kugabanya urugero rwa cholesterol ya LDL . Ku muntu mukuru usanzwe, ni byiza kuyigabanya munsi ya 100 mg/dL (miligarama kuri desilita imwe). Niba ufite indwara nka atherosclerosis, ikaba ari ukwiyongera kw'ibinure mu mitsi yawe, abaganga bakugira inama yo kugabanya urugero rwa cholesterol ya LDL munsi ya 70 mg/dL.

Kolesteroli ya HDL - none se iyi ni kolesteroli "nziza"?

Cholesterol ya HDL isobanura High-Density Lipoproteins . Izi lipoproteins zigizwe ahanini na poroteyine. HDL izwi nka cholesterol "nziza" . Ibi biterwa nuko HDL ifata cholesterol irenze mu maraso ikayisubiza mu mwijima. Hanyuma umwijima ucagagura cholesterol ukayikura mu mubiri. Iyi nzira y'ingenzi yitwa kandi transport reverse cholesterol.

Igipimo cya cholesterol ya HDL ni ikintu wifuza gukomeza kuzamuka . Niba uri umugabo, ugomba kwibanda ku gipimo cya HDL nibura 40 mg/dL. Niba uri umugore, ugomba kwibanda ku gipimo cya 50 mg/dL.

Ku bantu bakuru bose, urugero rwa HDL rurenze 60 mg/dL rufatwa nk'aho ari rwiza cyane. Binafasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.

Ese hari ikintu kimeze nka VLDL cholesterol?

Yego, cholesterol ya VLDL ihagarariye lipoporoteyine nke cyane.VLDL ahanini itwara triglycerides (ubundi bwoko bw'ibinure) na cholesterol. Ifite poroteyine nkeya kurusha izindi. Kimwe na LDL, VLDL ifatwa nk' "mbi" kuko ishobora kugira uruhare mu kwibumbira kwa plaque mu mitsi yacu.

Muri make, cholesterol nziza (HDL) ifasha gukura cholesterol mbi (ibintu byangiza LDL na VLDL) mu maraso. Cholesterol ya LDL ni yo ituma habaho kwirema kw'imitsi mu mitsi.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rugero rwa cholesterol yanjye?

Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku rugero rwa cholesterol yacu. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:

• Imyaka: Uko tugenda dusaza, urugero rwa cholesterol mu mubiri wacu rushobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro.
• Indyo: Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, ibinure byuzuye n'ibinure bya trans biri mu biribwa turya bishobora kongera urugero rwa cholesterol ya LDL ("mbi"). Kurya ibinure bike muri ubwo bwoko bishobora gufasha cyane mu kugabanya cholesterol.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe kandi iri hagati ishobora gufasha kongera urugero rwa cholesterol ya HDL (“imeze neza”). Gerageza nibura iminota 30 yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri iciriritse mu minsi myinshi y'icyumweru.
• Umurage: Utunyangingo twawe natwo tugira uruhare mu rugero rwa cholesterol umubiri wawe ukora. Mu miryango imwe n'imwe, cholesterol nyinshi ishobora kugaragara mu miryango.
• Igitsina n'imisemburo: Mbere yo gucura, abagore bakunze kugira cholesterol yose iri hasi ugereranyije n'abagabo. Ariko, nyuma yo gucura, abagore bashobora kugira cholesterol nyinshi ya LDL ("mbi") na cholesterol ya HDL ("nziza") iri hasi.

Ese nkwiye gupimwa cholesterol yanjye? Nkwiye gukora iki niba iri hejuru?

Yego, birumvikana! Ni ngombwa ko buri wese amenya urugero rwa cholesterol ye. Inshuro ugomba gupimwa cholesterol, cyangwa lipide panel yavuzwe haruguru, biterwa n'imyaka yawe n'ibindi bintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima (urugero: diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kunywa itabi). Rero, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga w'umuryango wawe akakubaza inshuro ugomba gusuzumwa. Kumenya urugero rwa cholesterol yawe ni imwe mu ntambwe z'ingenzi ushobora gutera kugira ngo wirinde indwara z'umutima mu gihe kizaza.

Tekereza, niba raporo ivuga ko urugero rwa cholesterol yawe ruri hejuru, ntugatinye. Muganga azaguha uburyo bwo kuvura bukenewe. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ibi ni ubu:

• Guhindura imirire: Ibi bivuze gufata indyo yuzuye irimo cholesterol nkeya, ibinure bike, fibre nyinshi, n'imbuto n'imboga byinshi.
• Impinduka mu mibereho:Ibintu nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, kugenzura ibiro byawe, no kureka kunywa itabi burundu.
• Imiti: Hari abantu bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kugenzura cholesterol yabo bakoresheje indyo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri gusa. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti igabanya cholesterol, nka statins.

Ku bantu benshi, guhuza ubu buryo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugenzura cholesterol. Ariko kugira ngo umenye uburyo bukubereye, ugomba gusuzuma urugero rwa cholesterol yawe hanyuma ukavugana na muganga.

Niba rero umaze igihe utarabonana na muganga, jya usuzuma ubuzima bwawe. Jya kwisuzumisha nk'uko gahunda ya muganga ibivuga. Komeza umenye amakuru yerekeye cholesterol yawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'isukari mu maraso, ari byo bigaragaza ubuzima bw'umutima wawe n'imitsi y'amaraso. Wibuke ko atari kare cyane gutekereza ku buzima bw'umutima wawe. Ni byiza gutangira gutekereza ku cyo wakora kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza uyu munsi.

None se, ni ubuhe butumwa dukwiye kwibuka muri ibi byose?

Kolesteroli ni ubwoko bw'ibinure bigira uruhare runini mu mibiri yacu kandi ni ingenzi kuri twe. Kugira ngo tubeho neza, tugomba kugira kolesteroli ikwiye mu mibiri yacu. Ariko, kugira kolesteroli nyinshi mu maraso bishobora guteza akaga ku buzima bwawe. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane kugenzura urugero rwa kolesteroli yawe buri gihe no kuganira na muganga wawe icyo izo ndangagaciro zisobanura.

Wibuke ko, ukomeza kugira indyo yuzuye, ugakora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, kandi ugakurikiza inama za muganga wawe, ushobora kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol yawe kandi ukabaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. Urabyumva? Reka tubitabire guhera uyu munsi!