Unonyatsorapa sei kuzvimba kunokonzerwa neasthma yako? Ngatikurukurei!

Kana uine asthma, dzimwe nguva unogona kuomerwa nekufema. Kunzwa kubatwa muchipfuva chako uye kufemereka ndizvo zviratidzo zvikuru zveasthma. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi kuzvimba mukati menzira dzako dzekufema, kana kuti zvatinodaidza kuti 'kuzvimba' mukurapa. Kuzvimba uku kunoita kuti nzira dzako dzekufema dzive dzakatetepa uye dzakazara netsvina, zvichiita kuti zviome kufema.

Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati peasthma nekuzvimba?

Kana uine asthma, ungangove unoziva kuti kuzvimba uku kunoita kuti jira remhepo yako rizvimbe uye riwedzere kugadzirwa kwemanyoka. Funga nezvazvo sepombi yemvura yakavharika, zvichiita kuti mvura isafambe zvakanaka. Kuzvimba uku kunoita kuti jira rako remhepo rive nyore. Zvadaro, kana zvimwe zvinhu (zvatinoti izvi "zvinokonzeresa") zvakaita seguruva, utsi, uye dander yemhuka zvikapinda mumuviri wako, zvinogona kukurumidza kukonzera asthma, zvinoreva kurwiswa neasthma .

Ndosaka mishonga yekudzivirira kuzvimba iri mushonga unokosha kuvanhu vane asthma. Inomisa maitiro anoita kuti asthma itange. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, yakafanana nekuisa mvura pamoto.

Ndeipi mishonga yekurapa asthma?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga dzinogona kushandiswa kudzora kuzvimba kunoitika muasthma. Mimwe mikuru ndeiyi:

• Corticosteroids inopinzwa zvakananga muhuro (tinoidaidza kuti inhaler).
• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inotorwa semapiritsi kana jekiseni mutsinga inopihwa kuti ibate muviri wese.
• Pamusoro pezvo, kune mishonga inonzi ``Mast cell stabilizers'' uye ``Leukotriene modifiers''. Iyi mishonga inobatsira kuderedza kuzvimba kunokonzerwa ne ``Corticosteroids''.
• Imwe nzira itsva yekurapa ndeye "Monoclonal antibodies" kana kuti "biologic therapy". Izvi zvinonanga zvakananga masero anobatanidzwa mukuzvimba ("eosinophil cells").

Zvino ngatitaurei nezvemushonga mumwe nemumwe uyu zvakadzama .

Mishonga yeCorticosteroids Inofema: Shamwari yepamoyo yekurwisa asthma!

Mishonga inofemwa inonzi corticosteroids ndiyo mishonga inoshanda zvakanyanya kuderedza kuzvimba uye kugadzirwa kwemate mumhepo yako . Rudzi urwu rwemushonga wekufema ndicho chinhu chekutanga chinonyorerwa nachiremba nezveasthma.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira kushandisa izvi?

Kune mabhenefiti akawanda ekushandisa inhaler iyi nemazvo:

• Zviratidzo zveasthma uye kuputika kweganda zvinoderera.
• Mishonga yekukurumidza kushanda beta agonists, kana sezvatinoidaidza kuti , relievers, kana rescue inhalers, inoshandiswa munguva dzenjodzi uye inoderedza huwandu hwenguva dzaunofanira kuishandisa.
• Kushanda kwemapapu ako kunovandudzika.
• Kudiwa kwekuenda kumakamuri ekukurumidzira uye kuchipatara kuchaderera.
• Kazhinji, asthma inogona kudzorwa zvakanaka.

Zvakakosha: Ramba uchifunga nezvezvinhu izvi paunenge uchishandisa izvi!

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mishonga iyi inofemerwa inongodzivirira zviratidzo zveasthma, kwete kuderedza zviratidzo zviripo . Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana ukaitora kana wabatwa neasthma, hauzowani zororo ipapo ipapo. Ndiyo mushonga unobatsira kubvisa asthma.

Iyi "inhaler" inopinzwa (sezvatinoidana) inofanira kushandiswa zuva nezuva, sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako . Kune vamwe, inogona kuitwa kaviri pazuva, kune vamwe, kamwe chete pazuva. Hazvina kunaka kuderedza kana kurega kushandisa izvi usina kutaura nachiremba wako, uchifunga kuti zviratidzo zvako zviri kuva nani. Kuita izvi kunogona kuita kuti asthma yako iwedzere zvakare.

Ndezvipi zvinodhaka izvi zvemumhino?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemishonga inofema inonzi corticosteroids dziri kutengeswa. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi:

• ``Beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar RediHaler®)''
• `Budesonide (Pulmicort®; Symbicort®)`. (Iyi `(Symbicort®)` musanganiswa we`(budesonide)` uye `(formoterol)`.)
• `Ciclisonide (Alvesco® HFA)`
• `Fluticasone (Flovent® HFA; Advair® HFA uye diskus, Wixela® Inhub, AirDuo®)`. (Izvi zvine `(fluticasone)` uye `(salmeterol)`.)
• Fluticasone furoate (Arnuity® Ellipta; Breo® Ellipta; Trelegy® Ellipta). (Breo® ine fluticasone furoate uye beta agonist inoshanda kwenguva refu inonzi vilanterol. Trelegy® ine umeclidinium pamusoro peizvi zviviri.)
• "Fluticasone propionate (ArmonAir® RespiClick)"
• `Mometasone (Asmanex®, Dulera®)`. (`(Dulera®)` ine `(mometasone)` pamwe chete ne`(formoterol)`.)

Mhando idzi dzeinhaler dzinouya sei?

Aya "(corticosteroids anofemwa)" anouya mumhando nhatu huru:

1. `(Metered Dose Inhaler - MDI)`: Iyi ndiyo mhando inoita kunge kani diki, uye unoishandisa pamusoro. Paunenge uchishandisa iyi, zvakanaka kuishandisa ne` (valved holding chamber)` kana `(spacer)` (chimwe chinhu chatinodaidza kuti 'intermediate chamber' muchiSinhala). Iyi `(spacer)` inobatsira mushonga kuenda zvakananga kumapapu, uye inoderedza huwandu hwemushonga unoiswa mumuromo nemuhuro. Izvi zvakafanana nekushandisa chubhu pakupfapfaidza mvura kubva mugaba rekudiridza.

2. `(Dry Powder Inhaler - DPI)`: Iyi ine mushonga uri muchimiro cheupfu hwakaoma. Unoshandiswa nekufema zvakadzika.

3. `(Mhinduro dzeNebulizer)`: Izvi zvinouya semvura. Zvinopfapfaidzwa uye zvinofemerwa uchishandisa muchina mudiki (`(muchina wenebulizer)`). Nzira iyi inowanzo shandiswa kuvana vadiki nevaya vane asthma yakanyanya.

Ndinofanira kutya kushandisa izvi here? Pane mimwe migumisiro yakaipa here?

Mishonga inofemwa inonzi corticosteroids mushonga wakachengeteka zvikuru kuvanhu vakuru nevana . Migumisiro yacho haiwanzoitiki, kunyanya kana ikashandiswa muhuwandu hushoma.

Zvisinei, kashoma, kana ukashandisa zvakawanda zvezvinhu izvi, unogona kuwana hutachiona hwefungus mumuromo mako hunonzi ``thrush'' (hwatinoti ''thrush'') , uye inzwi rako rinogona kuchinja (kuva rakashoshoma). Izvi zviri nyore kudzivirira. Gara uchigeza muromo wako zvakanaka mushure mekushandisa mushonga wako wekufemesa, kupukuta bvudzi, uye kusvipa mushonga . Kana uri kushandisa ``(MDI)'', unogona zvakare kuderedza njodzi iyi nekushandisa ``(spacer)''. Kana ukaita thrush netsaona, inogona kurapwa nyore nyore nemushonga wekuchenesa muromo wawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako.

Chiremba anopa sei izvi?

Chiremba wako anogara achiedza kukupa mushonga wakaderera wemushonga uyu unodzora asthma yako. Vanhu vazhinji vanotya pavanonzwa izwi rekuti "steroids." Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vakambonzwa nezve anabolic steroids, iyo inoshandiswa nevatambi kuvaka tsandanyama. Asi ma steroids e asthma haana kudaro . Mishonga inorwisa kuzvimba. Kutaura zvazviri, kuatora zuva nezuva kunogona kubatsira kudzora asthma yako.

Systemic Corticosteroids: Rubatsiro rweasthma yakanyanya!

Iyi mishonga inonzi "systemic corticosteroids" inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zveasthma zvakanyanya. Inopihwa semapiritsi kana zvinwiwa (``nemuromo``), kana kuti inopinzwa mumuviri kuburikidza netsinga (``inopinzwa mutsinga - IV``).

Izvi zvinopihwa nguvai?

Mushonga uyu unoshandiswa pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga yekudzora kurwiswa kweasthma kwakangoerekana kwanyanya, kana kurapa asthma yenguva refu, yakaoma kudzora.

Izvi zvinotanga kushanda sei?

Mishonga yeSystemic steroids inotora maawa matatu kuti itange kushanda, uye mhedzisiro yakanaka inoonekwa mushure memaawa matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri. Dzimwe nguva inopihwa muhuwandu hwakawanda kwemazuva akati wandei (inonzi steroid burst), kana kuti huwandu hunodzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva (inonzi steroid taper). Dzimwe nguva, kuti idzore kwenguva refu, inogona kupihwa muhuwandu hushoma zuva rega rega kana mamwe mazuva ese.

Ndeapi marudzi aya e `(Systemic Steroids)`?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze "systemic steroids" dzinowanzoshandiswa (idzi dzinowanikwawo se "generic products"):

• `Cortisone acetate`
• `Dexamethasone`
• `Hydrocortisone (Cortef®)`
• `Methylprednisolone (Medrol®, Solu-Medrol®, Depo-medrol®)`
• `Prednisone (Deltasone®)`
• `Prednisolone (Prelone®, Pediapred®, Orapred®)`

Tinofanirawo kuziva nezvemigumisiro yemishonga iyi here?

Migumisiro yemishonga inorwisa utachiona inowanzoitika kana ikashandiswa kwenguva refu . Migumisiro iyi inogona kusanganisira:

• Mapundu.
• Kuwedzera uremu.
• Kuchinja kwemanzwiro kana maitiro.
• Kushungurudzika kwemudumbu (semuenzaniso gastritis).
• Kushaya simba kwemapfupa, kurasikirwa nemapfupa.
• Kuchinja kwemaziso, semuenzaniso glaucoma (kumanikidzwa kwemaziso kwakawedzera) kana cataract (kufinhwa kwemaziso).
• (Mazita evana) kunonoka kukura.

Asi yeuka, migumisiro iyi haiwanzoitiki kana ikashandiswa kwenguva pfupi . Unofanira kuishandisa kwenguva pfupi chete kana asthma yako yakanyanya kuipa. Kana uine asthma isingadzoreki uye uchida kushandisa steroid kwenguva yakareba, unofanira kuona chiremba wemapapu kana chiremba weallergies. Vanogona kukubatsira kusarudza mishonga yepamusoro uye kukutumira kune dzimwe nyanzvi kana zvichidikanwa.

Magadzirisi eLeukotriene: Rubatsiro rumwe!

Ndezvipi izvi? Zvinoshanda sei?

MaLeukotriene makemikari anowanikwa mumiviri yedu. Anoita kuti tsandanyama dziri mumhepo yedu dziome uye awedzere kugadzirwa kwematehwe. MaLeukotriene anogadzirisa zvinhu anodzivisa kushanda kweLeukotrienes. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mishonga iyi inogona kubatsira kunatsiridza kufema uye kuderedza zviratidzo zveasthma. Inouya muchimiro chemapiritsi. Anotorwa kamwe chete kana kaviri pazuva. Unogona kukwanisa kuderedza huwandu hwemimwe mishonga yeasthma yaunoda.

Ndeapi marudzi e `(Leukotriene Modifiers)`?

Mishonga iri muchikamu ichi ndeiyi:

• `Montelukast (Singulair®)`
• `Zafirlukast (Accolate®)`
• `Zileuton (Zyflo®)`

Pane mimwe migumisiro yakaipa here?

Migumisiro inowanzo itika ndeyemusoro nekurutsa. Mishonga inogadzirisa leukotriene inogona zvakare kushanda pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga (semuenzaniso, mushonga weasthma theophylline uye warfarin inobvisa ropa rakanyanya kuonda). Saka zvakakosha kuudza chiremba wako nezvemishonga yese yauri kutora.

MaAntibodies eMonoclonal - Biologic Therapy: Tariro itsva yeasthma yakanyanya!

Ma antibodies eMonoclonal imhando yemishonga yekurapa chirwere cheasthma. Anoshanda nekudzivirira mhinduro yemuviri kuzvinhu zvinokonzera kuzvimba. Anonyanya kunanga masero ari chikamu chemuviri wedu wekudzivirira muviri, akadai semasero eosinophil.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga iyi. Inopiwa sejekiseni pasi peganda muhofisi yachiremba, semushonga wemutsinga mukiriniki kana kuchipatara, kana kuti mimwe inozvibaya yega kumba. Vanhu vanotora mishonga iyi yebhayoloji vanowanzo pihwa kurapwa mavhiki maviri kusvika masere ega ega (zvichienderana nehupenyu hwemunhu). Uchafanirwa kutarisirwa nachiremba wemapapu kana chiremba wezvirwere zveallergies kana uri kutora mishonga iyi.

Mast Cell Stabilizers: Mushonga Usingawanzo shandiswa

Zvinosimbisa masero emuviri zvinoshanda nekudzivirira kuburitswa kwehistamine nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza kubva mumasero emuviri. Zvisinei, izvi hazviwanzo shandiswa kurapa asima.

Zvaunofanira kurangarira kupfuura zvose!

Asthma kuzvimba kwenguva refu (ndiko kuti, kunoramba kuripo) kwenzira dzekufema dziri mumapapu ako. Kunogona kunge kamoto kadiki kanogara kari mukati. Saka, nekutora mishonga yawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako, unogona kudzora asthma yako zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza mapapu ako ane hutano kwenguva refu.

Yeuka, kurarama neasthma kunogona kuoma, asi nekurapwa kwakakodzera, unogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika uye hune simba. Taura nachiremba wako uye gadzira hurongwa hwekurapa hunokushandira zvakanyanya. Ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekufema zvakanaka!

Asthma , Kuzvimba, Mushonga wekufema, Corticosteroids, Kurapa, Zvirwere zvekufema